abstract: The question of how to reduce the recidivism rates among IPV offenders is one that plagues criminologists to this day. Though a difficult issue to address, educational treatment programs have started to gain popularity as one idea to achieve this reduction. By examining the dataset from the “Domestic Violence Experiment in King's County (Brooklyn), New York, 1995-1997,” conducted by Robert C. Davis et al. (2000), it was found that the results of the educational program showed a great promise in reducing recidivism rates. Though it is important to focus on and analyze the results from this study, it is also important to extrapolate from them by running and examining specific models and variables with the dataset. Focusing on specific variables within the dataset allows researchers to find different themes and results in smaller ideologies of research, versus trying to find one overall answer on how to reduce recidivism. By examining specific variables such as length of relationship, I wonder how length of relationship between an IPV offender and victim impact recidivism rates? This thesis will discuss IPV history and theoretical perspectives, history of educational programs, length of relationship, and the dataset conducted by Davis et al. (2000). This thesis examines how the likelihood of IPV recidivism is effected by length of relationship, the different length of treatment programs (overall, eight-week, or twenty-six-weeks), and the interaction between length of relationship and the different treatment programs. The results show overall that length of relationship slightly decreases the rate of recidivism for IPV. When length of relationship is ran in the models with the separate treatment programs, it is found that the overall treatment and twenty-six-week programs have drastic and significant reduction results on recidivism, but that the eight-week program actually increases recidivism rates slightly. The results also indicate that when examining the interaction between length of relationship and the different treatment programs, length of relationship slightly moderates the reduction of the recidivism rates for the individuals enrolled in the overall treatment and eight-week programs, but slightly increases the rates for those in the twenty-six-week program. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJES.pdf: 3251640 bytes, checksum: 1a2925395aad5a4359dc8d598a17edc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Cichla kelberi population was characterized in terms of sexual proportion, size structure and some reproductive aspects. The collects were made in two distinct periods. The first, from November 2002 to November 2003 and the second, from December 2004 to May 2006. The sexual proportion showed significantly difference from 1:1 with predominance of females. Total length varied from 3.4 to 40.1cm, with large frequency on the small sized classes. These smallest individuals occurred around all the year, but mainly in the warmer months. Females and males reached similar maximum length. Individuals with Mature or Partial Spent gonads occurred mainly from November to April, indicating that Cichla kelberi has a long reproductive period, a biological evidence that it is a species well adapted in this reservoir, showing partial spawning and an absolute fecundity ranging from 6089 to 6908 oocytes. / Foi caracterizada a composição da população de Cichla kelberi quanto à proporção sexual, composição em comprimento e algumas características reprodutivas. As coletas foram realizadas em dois períodos. O primeiro, de novembro de 2002 a novembro de 2003 e o segundo, de dezembro de 2004 a maio de 2006. A proporção sexual foi significativamente diferente de 1:1, com predomínio de fêmeas. Os comprimentos totais variaram de 3,4 a 40,1cm, com altas freqüências nas classes de menor tamanho. A ocorrência de indivíduos nas menores classes deu-se ao longo de todo o ano, com maior incidência nos períodos mais quentes. Fêmeas e machos atingem comprimentos máximos similares. Indivíduos com gônadas Maduras ou Semi Esgotadas ocorreram com maior freqüência de setembro a abril, indicando que Cichla kelberi apresenta um longo período reprodutivo, uma condição biológica que indica a boa adaptação da espécie neste reservatório. A desova é do tipo parcelada e com fecundidade absoluta de variando de 6089 a 6908 ovócitos.

Muscle mechanical behavior potentially plays an important role in some of the most common bladder disorders. These include overactive bladder, which can involve involuntary contractions during bladder filling, and impaired contractility or underactive bladder, which may involve weak or incomplete contractions during voiding. Actin-myosin cross-bridges in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) are responsible for contracting and emptying the bladder. The total tension produced by muscle is the sum of its preload and active tensions. Studies suggest that actin-myosin cross-links are involved in adjustable preload stiffness (APS), which is characterized by a preload tension curve that can be shifted along the length axis as a function of strain history and activation history. DSM also exhibits length adaptation in which the active tension curve can exhibit a similar shift. Actin-myosin cross-bridges are also responsible for myogenic contractions in response to quick stretch of DSM strips and spontaneous rhythmic contractions (SRC) that may occur during bladder filling. Studies show that SRC may participate in the mechanical regulation of both APS and length adaptation. However, the mechanical mechanisms by which actin-myosin interactions enable this interrelated combination of behaviors remain to be determined and were the primary focus of this dissertation. The objectives of this study were to: 1) provide evidence to support the hypothesis that a common mechanism is responsible for SRC and myogenic contraction, 2) develop a sensor-based mechanical model to demonstrate that SRC in one cell is sufficient to trigger stretch-induced myogenic contraction in surrounding cells and propagate the contraction, and 3) develop a conceptual model with actin-myosin cross-bridges and cross-links that produces the coupled mechanical behaviors of APS, SRC, and length adaptation in DSM. Improved understanding of bladder biomechanics may enable the identification of specific targets for the development of new treatments for overactive and underactive bladder.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3341.pdf: 16436735 bytes, checksum: 044164b9bed4be2545951d0e4ebd02ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso / Most ecological studies of tropical fishes involve limnology related to reproductive behavior, feeding and migration. This work is an attempt to consider, in the area of fish ecology, a new approach that involves addition of limnological variables, environmental variables morphometric and morphologic environment and determine whether, beyond the flood pulse, these characteristics determine the community structure fish in the wetland. Were chosen ten ponds, regionally called "bays" on the banks of the rivers Paraguay, Paraguaizinho, and Sepotuba Cabaçal. Their morphology and physical and chemical variables of water were measured. A sampling of the ichthyofauna was done in three sampling points in each pond using trawl 3mm between us, 2.5 x25m long. Species richness was analysed using indices of Margalef and Minhinicke. We used multivariate analysis to determine the environmental variables that contributed in determining the structure of fish communities. Correspondence Analysis showed that the major groups of fishes related to species richness in two main groups: periods of low water, drought and flood, and the flood period. The abundance showed clustering contrast, the higher observed during periods of low water, drought and flood and the lowest found during the flood. Results of discriminant analysis demonstrated that the lakes are listed in four categories, depending on the degree of similarity of environmental characteristics. In each category groupings were more strongly related collection period than the limnological and morphometric analysis. However, the group found in the discriminant analysis, the lake VI (Ximbuva) shown by the rounded morphology and the morphometric values smaller lake VIII (the right bank of the river Cabaçal), show that the two are related to the structure of fish community wetland at the local level, while the flood pulse events determined the regional level. / A maior parte dos estudos de ecologia da ictiofauna tropical envolve a limnologia relacionada com o comportamento reprodutivo, alimentar e migratório. Este trabalho é uma tentativa de considerar, na área de ecologia de peixes, uma nova abordagem que envolva além das variáveis limnológicas, variáveis ambientais morfométricas e morfológicas do ambiente e verificar se, além do pulso de inundação, essas características determinam a estrutura de comunidade de peixes no pantanal. Foram escolhidas dez lagoas, regionalmente denominadas de baías , nas margens dos rios Paraguai, Paraguaizinho, Sepotuba e Cabaçal. As suas características morfométricas e variáveis físicas e químicas da água foram mensuradas. A amostragem da ictiofauna foi feita em três pontos amostrais em cada lagoa utilizando rede de arrasto de 3mm entre nós, de 2,5x25m de comprimento. A riqueza de espécies foi analisada através dos índices de Margalef e de Minhinick. Foram utilizadas análises multivariadas para determinar as variáveis ambientais que contribuíram na determinação da estrutura das comunidades de peixes. Análise de Correspondência mostrou que os grandes grupos da ictiofauna relacionaram a riqueza de espécies em dois grupos principais: períodos da vazante, seca e enchente; e período da cheia. A abundância mostrou um agrupamento contrário, a maior observada nos períodos da vazante, seca e enchente e a menor encontrada no período da cheia. Os resultados das Análises Discriminantes demonstraram que as lagoas estão relacionadas em quatro categorias, em função do grau de semelhança das características ambientais. Em cada categoria os agrupamentos estiveram mais fortemente relacionados com o período de coleta do que com as variáveis limnológicas e morfométricas analisadas. Porém, pelo agrupamento encontrado na análise discriminante, a lagoa VI (Baía da Ximbuva) demonstrado pela morfologia arredondada e pelos menores valores morfométricos da lagoa VIII (à margem direita do rio Cabaçal), demonstram que ambas possuem relação com a estrutura de comunidade de peixes do pantanal à nível local, enquanto que o pulso de inundação determinaram os eventos à nível regional.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaRO_01_40.pdf: 3996248 bytes, checksum: 971458d8393c9eb3edc1f0eaba559683 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The marine fish white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) exhibits a wide geographical distribution, being common in the Brazilian coast and is an important component of the artisanal fisheries. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of M. curema in the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis during August, 2008 to July, 2009. The fish specimens were numbered, weighed, measured, dissected and their gonads were removed, weighed, their sex and gonadal development were identified. The length-weight relationship was determined for males and females. The sex ratio, the size at first gonadal maturation and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated and ovarian development was investigated using macroscopic and histological techniques. The fecundity, spawning type and the reproductive period of the species were determined. A total of 366 specimens (186 males and 180 females) were captured. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the females were heavier than males. The estimated values of the angular coefficient for both sexes suggest that the species has isometric growth. The size at which 50% of the population began the process of maturation was 25.9 cm of total length for grouped sex. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed four stages of development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. However, the microscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed five stages of development: immature, early maturing, late maturing, mature and spent. The development of oocytes indicated five phases: Chromatin-nucleolus (phase I), initial perinucleolar (phase II), final perinuclear (phase II), formation of vitelline vesicle or yolk (phase III), vitellogenic (phase IV) and complete vitellogenesis (phase V). The species has a prolonged spawning period, with two peaks coinciding with the rainy season. / O peixe marinho tainha, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes:Mugilidae) apresenta ampla distribui??o geogr?fica, sendo comum na costa brasileira e de grande import?ncia para a pesca artesanal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a biologia reprodutiva de M. curema nas ?guas costeiras do Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Foram capturados mensalmente exemplares de peixes durante o per?odo de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os exemplares foram numerados, pesados, medidos, dissecados e suas g?nadas foram retiradas, pesadas e identificadas quanto ao sexo e quanto o desenvolvimento gonadal. A rela??o peso-comprimento foi determinada para machos e f?meas. A propor??o sexual, o tamanho da primeira matura??o gonadal e o ?ndice gonadossom?tico (IGS) foram calculados e o desenvolvimento ovariano foi investigado usando t?cnicas macrosc?picas e histol?gicas. Foram determinados a fecundidade, o tipo de desova e o per?odo reprodutivo da esp?cie. Foi capturado um totalde 366 exemplares (186 machos e 180 f?meas). A propor??o sexual foi de 1:1 e as f?meas foram mais pesadas que os machos. O valor estimado para o coeficiente angular para ambos os sexos sugere que ? a esp?cie apresenta crescimento isom?trico. O tamanho em que 50% da popula??o iniciaram o processo de matura??o gonadal foi de 26 cm de comprimento total para sexo agrupado. As caracter?sticas macrosc?picas dos ov?rios revelaram quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento: imaturo, em matura??o, maduro e esvaziado, enquanto que as caracter?sticas microsc?picas revelaram cinco est?dios de desenvolvimento: imaturo, em matura??o inicial, em matura??o final, maduro e esvaziado. O desenvolvimento dos ov?citos indicou cinco fases: Cromatina-nucl?olo (fase I), perinucleolar inicial (fase II), perinuclear final (Fase II), forma??o ves?cula vitel?nica (fase III), vitelog?nico (fase IV) e vitelog?nese completa (fase V). A esp?cie apresenta um per?odo reprodutivo prolongado, com dois picos coincidindo com o per?ododa chuva

Orientador: Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig / Resumo: A raia elétrica cega Benthobatis kreffti é endêmica do Altântico Sul Ociedental e apresenta distribuição restrita desde o sul até o sudeste Brasileiros, ocorrendo em profundidades entre 400 e 600 m. Apesar de seu extremo endemismo, sua biologia é virtualmente desconhecida, especialmente no que diz respeito à porção norte de sua distribuição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a estrutura populacional e biologia reprodutiva desta espécie, no talude continental do estado de São Paulo. Os indivíduos foram capturados em julho e agosto de 2003 e dezembro de 2007 no cruzeiro científico Soloncy Moura, o qual operou em 492-501 m de profundidade entre os municípios de Santos e Cananéia. Quanto à composição de captura, B. kreffti foi o condricte mais capturado, seguido por Gurgesiella dorsalifera. Os demais foram Hydrolagus matallanasi, Dipturus sp. e Torpedo, sp. Quanto à estrutura em tamanho, fêmeas diferem de machos por apresentarem maiores comprimentos (máximo de 299 mm em fêmeas e 256 mm em machos). A razão sexual total foi diferente de 1:1, bem como para indivíduos adultos. Nos outros estágios de maturidade considerados (imaturo e em desenvolvimento), não houve diferença significativa. A relação comprimento-peso e o tamanho onde 50% da população encontra-se maduro (LT50) também foram diferentes entre os sexos, em favor das fêmeas. Fêmeas apresentaram LT50 de 191 mm enquanto machos maturam em 176 mm. A fecundidade uterina foi de três embriões por fêmea, com embriões nascendo en... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti is endemic to the South West Atlantic and has a restricted distribution, from south and southeast Brazil, occurring in 400-600 m depth. Despite its endemism, its biology is virtually unknown, especially concerning the north extreme of its distribution. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study the population structure and reproductive biology of B. kreffti off São Paulo State continental slope. Individuals were captured in July and August of 2003 and December 2007 during the scientific cruise Soloncy Moura, operating in 492-501 m depth between Santos and Cananéia municipalities. Benthobatis kreffti was the most captured chondrichthyan, followed by Gurgesiella dorsalifera. Other chondrichthyan captured were: Hydrolagus matallanasi, Dipturus sp and Torpedo sp.. Concerning size structure, females were larger than males (females: 299 mm; males: 256 mm total length). Total sex ratio was different from 1:1, as well as for adult individuals. At other maturity stages considered (immature and developing), no differences were observed. The length-weight relationship and size at 50 % maturity (LT50) were also different between sexes, biased toward females. Female´s LT50 was 191 mm, while in males, LT50 was 176 mm total length. Uterine fecundity was three embryos/ female, with size at birth estimated in 90-100 mm total length (about1/3 of the total length recorded for this species). / Mestre

This study examined possible factors that may influence parental approval for their adult child's engaged relationship. A total of 4,175 individuals completed the RELATE inventory. Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of parental approval, parents' marital quality, autonomy from family-of-origin, and relationship quality. Individuals also reported age, education, length of relationship, parents' marital status, and parents' socioeconomic status. Results from the linear regression analysis indicate that age, parental marital quality, autonomy from family-of-origin, and couple relationship quality all influence parental approval. What is interesting about these findings is the difference in the predictive power of males versus females. The female models accounted for much more variance than the males models, suggesting that approval may be more important to females among other possibilities which are discussed in depth. Length of the relationship and parental marital status did not influence parental approval. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.