After decades of standstill in intercity passenger rail in the United States, the Obama administration recently started major initiatives to implement high-speed ground transportation projects that are expected to improve the nation's transportation system significantly, addressing most prevailing issues like congestion and energy prices while having positive effects on the economy. This study evaluates and compares two high-speed ground transportation systems that have the potential to improve intercity passenger transportation in the United States significantly: the wheel-on-rail high-speed system and the high-speed maglev system. Both high-speed ground transportation systems were evaluated with respect to 58 characteristics organized into 7 categories associated with technology, environmental impacts, economic considerations, user-friendliness, operations, political factors, and safety. Based on the performance of each system in each of the 58 characteristics, benefit values were assigned. In order to weight the relative importance of the different characteristics, a survey was conducted with transportation departments and transportation professionals. The survey produced weighting factors scoring each of the 58 characteristics and the 7 categories. Applying a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the overall utility values for either system were calculated based on the benefit values from the systems comparison and the weighting factors from the survey. It was shown that the high-speed maglev system is generally slightly superior over the wheel-on-rail high-speed system. Because the magnitude of the difference in the overall performance of both transportation systems is not very big, it is recommended that every project in the high-speed intercity passenger transportation market consider both HSGT systems equally.

Current research on thermal effects on guideways has addressed many aspects of the behavior of guideways using two-dimensional models. The two-dimensional models are acceptable for existing guideway designs, in which cross sectional shapes are uniform along the length of the guideway. However, three-dimensional models are necessary for a modular design, in which the track structures that interact with Maglev vehicles are made separately and are assembled into the support structure, and in which the cross sectional shapes are not uniform. A three-dimensional numerical model of the thermal environment, in which the effect of partial shading is taken into account, is implemented for the study of guideway behavior under various thermal environments. The numerical model of the thermal environment is calibrated to the experimental results under the thermal environment at Austin, Texas, and is extrapolated to predict the behaviors of guideways under the thermal environment in Las Vegas, Nevada, which is one of the candidate sites for the implementation and deployment of the high speed Maglev transportation system. This study addresses the suitability of a modular steel guideway design under such a thermal environment. Characteristics of the behavior of guideways under various thermal environments are identified, and the behavior of guideways under the effect of partial shading is summarized. / text

Η παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή ασχολείται με τη σύνθεση καθώς και τον δομικό και φυσικοχημικό χαρακτηρισμό των έξης υαλωδών συστημάτων: (α) του δυαδικού συστήματος xMgO – (1 – x)SiO2, με 0.50 ≤ x ≤ 0.667, (β) του ψευδοδυαδικού συστήματος (1 – x)[CaO:MgO] – xSiO2, με 0.333 ≤ x ≤ 0.27 και (γ) του δυαδικού συστήματος xY2O3 – (1 – x)Al2O3, με 0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.41 και x σε mol %. Τα συστήματα αυτά παρουσιάζουν σημαντικές δυσκολίες στο να σχηματίσουν υάλους με κλασικές μεθόδους υαλοποίησης και ως εκ' τούτου τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα αναφορικά με τα δομικά και φυσικοχημικά τους χαρακτηριστικά είναι περιορισμένα. Η σύνθεση των υάλων αυτών κατέστη δυνατή με τη μέθοδο της αεροδυναμικής ανύψωσης και της τήξης των οξειδίων με Laser CO2 (Aerodynamic levitation/CO2 laser melting techniques). Αυτή η σχετικά νέα και μη συμβατική τεχνική υαλοποίησης είναι και η μόνη διαθέσιμη έως σήμερα μέθοδος με την οποία μπορούν να συντεθούν οι περισσότεροι από τους ανωτέρω υάλους. Για το δομικό και φυσικοχημικό χαρακτηρισμό των ανωτέρω συστημάτων, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι φασματοσκοπικές τεχνικές Raman και NMR, ενώ ταυτόχρονα πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις Διαφορικής Θερμιδομετρίας Σάρωσης, Ηλεκτρονικής Μικροσκοπίας Σάρωσης, Ηλεκτρονικής Μικροσκοπίας Φαινομένου Σήραγγας και πυκνομετρίας, καθώς και Μοριακών Προσομοιώσεων. Τα δύο πρώτα συστήματα (α-β) ανήκουν στην ευρεία οικογένεια των ανόργανων υάλων του Πυριτίου με Οξείδια των Αλκαλικών Γαιών σε συστάσεις εξαιρετικά φτωχές σε οξείδιο του Πυριτίου. Το τελευταίο αυτό χαρακτηριστικό είναι και το πιο ενδιαφέρον από πλευράς δομής και Φυσικοχημικών διεργασιών, καθώς οι ύαλοι αυτοί χαρακτηρίζονται ως «φτωχοί σχηματιστές υάλων» με αποτέλεσμα η δομή τους να χαρακτηρίζεται από ακραίο αποπολυμερισμό. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας Διατριβής κατέστη δυνατή η σύνθεση των υάλων αυτών σε συστάσεις οι οποίες για πρώτη φορά συντίθενται σε εργαστήριο και τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από τον δομικό και φυσικοχημικό τους χαρακτηρισμό, παρουσιάζονται επίσης για πρώτη φορά. Οι εξαιρετικά αποπολυμερισμένες δομές των υάλων αυτών - τους οποίους ονομάζουμε «υπο-ορθο-πυριτικούς» εξαιτίας της σύστασης τους η οποία περιέχει ποσοστό Πυριτίας λιγότερο από την Ορθο-Πυριτική σύσταση (33.3 mol % SiO2) - βρέθηκε ότι χαρακτηρίζονται από τετράεδρα πυριτίας με διαφορετικό αριθμό γεφυρωτικών οξυγόνων, με τα ελεύθερα τετράεδρα πυριτίας να κυριαρχούν στις δομές καθώς μειώνεται σταδιακά το ποσοστό του SiO2. Τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν αναφορικά με τα δύο πρώτα συστήματα, δίνουν για πρώτη φορά, μια εικόνα αναφορικά με την δομική και φυσικοχημική συμπεριφορά Πυριτικών υάλων με οξείδια των Αλκαλικών Γαιών, όταν το ποσοστό του κλασικού υαλοσχηματιστή φτάνει στα όρια της δυνατότητας σχηματισμού υάλων. Το τελευταίο σύστημα (γ) το οποίο μελετήθηκε στα πλαίσια της παρούσας Διατριβής, αφορά στην σύνθεση και τον δομικό-Φυσικοχημικό χαρακτηρισμό υάλων Υττρίου-Αλουμίνας σε σχέση με το εξαιρετικά ιδιαίτερο χαρακτηριστικό που παρουσιάζει το σύστημα αυτό, το οποίο αναφέρεται ευρέως ως «πολυαμορφισμός». Στο σύστημα αυτό, μελετήθηκε και παρουσιάζεται για πρώτη φορά το περιβάλλον συναρμογής των ατόμων του Υττρίου, ενώ παρέχονται επιχειρήματα ότι το φαινόμενο του πολυαμορφισμού είναι παρόν σε όλους τους υάλους που σχηματίζονται εντός του δυαδικού συστήματος αυτού. Επίσης συσχετίζονται τα δομικά χαρακτηριστικά των υάλων αυτών με την εμφάνιση του πολυαμορφισμού ενώ για πρώτη επίσης φορά μελετώνται συστηματικά οι διεγέρσεις χαμηλών συχνοτήτων, σε σχέση με την μεταβολή της σύστασης και της θερμοκρασίας. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης των διεγέρσεων χαμηλών συχνοτήτων για τα φάσματα Raman των υάλων αυτών, δείχνουν για πρώτη φορά σημαντικές εντάσεις για την κορυφή που παρατηρείται στις χαμηλές συχνότητες, ενώ αυτή παραμένει ανεπηρέαστη της σύστασης και της θερμοκρασίας. Τέλος, θα πρέπει να επισημανθεί ότι τα οξείδια τα οποία συναποτελούν το συγκεκριμένο σύστημα, δεν έχουν την δυνατότητα να σχηματίσουν υάλους αυτόνομα. / We present results from glass synthesis and the structural/physicochemical characterization from a series of glass forming systems and more specifically: (a) xMgO – (1 – x)SiO2 with 0.50 ≤ x ≤ 0.667, (b) the pseudobinary system (1 – x)[CaO:MgO] – xSiO2 with 0.333 ≤ x ≤ 0.27 and (c) the binary system xY2O3 – (1 – x)Al2O3 with 0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.41, and x being the mol fraction. These systems exhibit significant difficulties regarding their ability to form glasses and hence the available data describing their structural and physicochemical characteristics are limited. Nevertheless, by using non-conventional glass forming techniques such as “Aerodynamic levitation/CO2 laser melting” we were able to synthesize these glasses and it is worth pointing out that this technique is the only available technique so far that glasses that belong to the above mentioned systems can be formed. For the structural and physicochemical characterization of the above mentioned systems, we used two spectroscopic techniques Raman and NMR whilst experiments using DSC, SEM, TEM, Densitometry and Molecular Dynamics simulations were also performed. The first two systems (a-b) belong in the greater family of silicate inorganic glasses mixed with Alkaline Earth oxides, in compositions significantly depleted in Silicon oxide. This last feature is the most interesting one structurally and physic-chemically wise, as these glasses are widely termed as “poor glass formers” having as a consequence their structure to be described by extreme depolymerization. In this work we were able to synthesize these glasses in a compositional range that is achieved for the very first time and the results derived from their structural and physicochemical characterization also presented for the very first time. These extensively depolymerized glass structures-whom we have termed as “Sub-Ortho-Silicates” due to their Silicate compound which is less than the Ortho-Silicate composition (33.3 mol % SiO2)-were found to be characterized by Silicate tetrahedral, having a varying number of bridging oxygens, with the “free” tetrahedral dominating the structures as the SiO2 content gradually diminishes. The conclusions derived from the first two systems, give for the first time an insight in relation with the structural and physicochemical behavior of Alkaline Earth oxide Silicate glasses when the percentage of the “classic” glassformer reaches the limits of glass formation. The last system we investigated (c) has to do with glass synthesis and structural/physicochemical characterization of Yttrium-Aluminate glasses in relation with an extremely interesting characteristic that this system exhibits, which is widely known as “polyamorphism”. In this system we investigated and present results for the very first time that reveal the coordination environment of Yttrium atoms, while we are also providing evidence that the phenomenon of polyamorphism is present in all glasses, formed within this binary system. Additionally we correlate the structural characteristics of these glasses with the appearance of polyamorphism while also for the very first time we have systematically investigated the low frequency vibrations, in relation with the variation of composition and temperature. The results derived from the analysis of the low frequency excitations exhibited in the Raman spectra of these glasses, show for the first time that the peak that makes its appearance in the low frequency region is characterized by significantly great intensity, while it also remains uninfluenced from the variation of composition and temperature. Finally, we must stress out that the oxides that constitute this specific system cannot form glasses independently.

Το παρόν τεύχος αποτελεί διπλωματική εργασία που αναπτύχθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Γενικής Ηλεκτροτεχνίας του Τομέα Συστημάτων και Αυτόματου Ελέγχου. Συνίσταται στην κατασκευή και λειτουργία μιας πειραματικής διάταξης αυτοματισμού στην οποία εφαρμόζονται τεχνικές ελέγχου για την πραγματοποίηση ελεγχόμενης αεροδυναμικής αιώρησης ελαφρών σωμάτων. Περιλαμβάνει εξοπλισμό όπως αναλογικές βαλβίδες πεπιεσμένου αέρα, αισθητήρες και έναν Προγραμματιζόμενo Λογικό Ελεγκτή (PLC) που ελέγχει τη λειτουργία της διάταξης. Η πειραματική διάταξη αυτοματισμού που κατασκευάστηκε είναι ένα σύστημα αιώρησης ελαφρών σωμάτων με χρήση πεπιεσμένου αέρα. Αισθητήρες θέσης προσφέρουν την δυνατότητα γνώσης κάθε χρονική στιγμή της θέσης του σώματος. Μέσω του Προγραμματιζόμενου Λογικού Ελεγκτή επιτυγχάνουμε αιώρηση του σώματος σε αυστηρά ελεγχόμενο ύψος κάνοντας χρήση διαφόρων μεθόδων ελέγχου (On-Off, PID). Τα αντικείμενα με τα οποία πειραματιστήκαμε ήταν κυρίως σφαίρες μικρής διαμέτρου(4-5cm) και βάρους μερικών γραμμαρίων. Κατά την διάρκεια εκπόνησης της διπλωματικής, έγινε προσπάθεια αιώρησης και ελέγχου επίπεδων αντικειμένων. Με το διατιθέμενο εξοπλισμό (περιορισμοί πίεσης αέρα, είδους ακροφυσίου κλπ.) κατέστη δυνατή η αιώρηση επίπεδων αντικειμένων μόνο για μικρή χρονική διάρκεια. Δοκιμάσθηκαν διάφοροι τύποι και χωρικοί συνδυασμοί ακροφυσίων για τη δημιουργία επίπεδου στρώματος “πεπιεσμένου” αέρα. Στην πράξη διαπιστώθηκε ταλαντωτική συμπεριφορά των επίπεδων αντικειμένων και ισχυρή αστάθεια του όλου συστήματος. Στο κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζονται οι επικρατέστερες τεχνικές αιώρησης. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 προσεγγίζουμε θεωρητικά την αεροδυναμική αιώρηση παρουσιάζοντας τις σημαντικότερες αρχές και νόμους που περιγράφουν το φαινόμενο αυτό. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 υπάρχει μία εκτενής ανάλυση των ηλεκτροπνευματικών συστημάτων και στην συνέχεια των Προγραμματιζόμενων Λογικών Ελεγκτών (PLC) καθώς και το λογισμικό επικοινωνίας με PLC, το Step 7. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 αναλύεται ο εξοπλισμός της πειραματικής διάταξης, περιγράφονται τα πειράματα που διεξάγαμε και παρουσιάζεται και αναλύεται το πρόγραμμα που υλοποιήθηκε σε γλώσσα STL. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 συνοπτικά παρουσιάζεται το πρόγραμμα PLC Analyzer με το οποίο καταγράψαμε όλες τις πειραματικές μετρήσεις της διάταξης αιώρησης και τέλος παραθέτονται τα διαγράμματα από κάθε μία μέτρηση. / --

Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre des recherches sur l’optimisation du séchage par atomisation de suspensions colloïdales employées pour la production de supports de catalyseurs. Pour mieux appréhender les phénomènes fondamentaux qui régissent ce procédé, le problème a été ramené à celui de l’étude expérimentale et la modélisation du séchage d’une goutte unique en lévitation dans un champ acoustique sous flux gazeux. L’expérience permet de contrôler les différents paramètres de séchage dans la chambre d’évaporation. Le suivi du séchage a été réalisé à l’aide de techniques optiques (vélocimétrie laser, imagerie en transmission et diffractométrie à l’angle d’arc-en-ciel) et des analyses post-mortem complémentaires. L’emploi de la diffractométrie arc-en-ciel a nécessité le développement d’un modèle d’optique géométrique avancé capable de décrire la diffusion de gouttes ellipsoïdales et les effets des suspensions nanoparticulaires sur le phénomène d’arc-en-ciel. Le modèle de séchage est un modèle à symétrie radiale. Il permet de prédire les taux d’évaporation, les profils internes de concentration et la déformation finale du grain. Les comparaisons expérimentales ont montré qu’il prédit très correctement le taux de séchage des gouttes colloïdales pour des nombres de Reynolds compris entre 100 et 230, des températures comprises entre 25°C et 55°C et des taux d’hygrométrie compris entre 2.5% et 70%. Il ressort également que le seuil de croûtage, identifié ici à partir du changement de régime du taux d’évaporation, semble intervenir pour des concentrations volumiques locales en nanoparticules de l’ordre de 12.3% bien inférieures aux concentrations de blocage des pâtes. / This PhD work takes place in the framework of researches on the optimization of the spray drying of colloidal suspensions used for catalyst support production. To better understand fundamental phenomena governing this process, the problem is reduced to the experimental study and modelling of the drying of a single droplet levitated in an acoustic field with an external gas flow. The experiment allows also controlling parameters such as composition of the suspension, temperature or humidity inside evaporation chamber. The drying is monitored using in situ optical diagnostics (particle image velocimetry, shadowgraphy and rainbow diffractometry) as well as post-mortem analyzes. The use of rainbow diffractometry has required the development of advanced light scattering models accounting for the droplet non-sphericity and heterogeneity. The drying model is a model with radial symmetry. It predicts various quantities such as the droplet evaporation rate, internal concentration profile or the deformation of the final grain. Experimental comparisons show that this model can accurately predicts the drying rate of colloidal droplet for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 230, temperatures between 25°C and 55°C and relative humidity between 2.5% and 70%. It is also shown that the crust compactness factor, about 12% when identified from the change in the rate of evaporation, is much lower than that reported classically for the jamming of dense suspensions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JossanaMSF.pdf: 3270599 bytes, checksum: 40178fe964bc435931b6916c9599f55a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work presents a model of bearingless induction machine with divided winding. The main goal is to obtain a machine model to use a simpler control system as used in conventional induction machine and to know its behavior. The same strategies used in conventional machines were used to reach the bearingless induction machine model, which has made possible an easier treatment of the involved parameters. The studied machine is adapted from the conventional induction machine, the stator windings were divided and all terminals had been available. This method does not need an auxiliary stator winding for the radial position control which results in a more compact machine. Another issue about this machine is the variation of inductances array also present in result of the rotor displacement. The changeable air-gap produces variation in magnetic flux and in inductances consequently. The conventional machine model can be used for the bearingless machine when the rotor is centered, but in rotor displacement condition this model is not applicable. The bearingless machine has two sets of motor-bearing, both sets with four poles. It was constructed in horizontal position and this increases difficulty in implementation. The used rotor has peculiar characteristics; it is projected according to the stator to yield the greatest torque and force possible. It is important to observe that the current unbalance generated by the position control does not modify the machine characteristics, this only occurs due the radial rotor displacement. The obtained results validate the work; the data reached by a supervisory system corresponds the foreseen results of simulation which verify the model veracity / Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para a m?quina de indu??o sem mancais com bobinado dividido. O principal objetivo consiste na obten??o do modelo da m?quina para que possam ser implementados controladores mais eficientes. Para se alcan?ar tal modelo, fez-se uso dos mesmos artif?cios utilizados para as m?quinas convencionais adotados na literatura, o que possibilitou um manuseio simplificado das vari?veis envolvidas. A m?quina estudada ? uma adapta??o de uma m?quina de indu??o convencional, o que foi poss?vel dividindo-se os enrolamentos do estator e tornando acess?veis todos os seus terminais. Essa t?cnica dispensa o acr?scimo de um outro enrolamento ao estator para a realiza??o do controle de posi??o radial, o que resulta em uma m?quina mais compacta. Uma outra caracter?stica dessa m?quina ? a varia??o da matriz de indut?ncias em fun??o do deslocamento radial do rotor, a varia??o do entreferro produz varia??es no fluxo e conseq?entemente nos valores de indut?ncias tanto pr?prias quanto m?tuas. O modelo da m?quina convencional pode ser utilizado para a m?quina sem mancais quando o rotor estiver fixo no centro, por?m em situa??es de deslocamento radial esse modelo falha e n?o pode ser? plicado. A m?quina em quest?o possui dois conjuntos motor+mancal, ambos de quatro p?los, e foi projetada com seu rotor na posi??o horizontal, o que incluiu algumas dificuldades ? implementa??o. O rotor utilizado possui caracter?sticas peculiares, o qual ? projetado de acordo com as exig?ncias da m?quina, a fim de render o maior torque e for?a poss?veis. ? importante observar que o desbalanceamento de correntes, gerado pelo controle de posi??o radial, n?o modifica os par?metros da m?quina, isso apenas ocorre devido ao deslocamento radial do rotor. Os resultados apresentados viabilizaram a valida??o do trabalho, os dados obtidos atrav?s de um sistema supervis?rio condizem com os previstos em simula??o, o que atesta a veracidade do modelo

Sistemas de levitação eletromagnética são de interesse quando se necessita de tecnologia envolvendo redução de atrito, atuação sem contato físico, máquinas rotativas e trens de alta velocidade. Devido à presença de não linearidades em sua dinâmica, pesquisadores têm dado atenção ao desenvolvimento de controladores mais sofisticados, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho desses sistemas. Controladores lineares apresentam limitações na faixa de operação da variável controlada e, geralmente apresentam baixa robustez quando aplicados em sistemas não lineares. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver controladores não lineares com diferentes estruturas e analisá-los quando aplicados em um protótipo do sistema físico. Inicialmente, o sistema é modelado matematicamente através da abordagem fenomenológica. Em seguida, os parâmetros do modelo são identificados através de dados obtidos experimentalmente. Conhecendo bem a dinâmica do sistema através do modelo, são projetados três controladores de diferentes estruturas utilizando simulações computacionais. O primeiro é o PID clássico, controle linear amplamente utilizado em processos industriais. O segundo controlador é um PID com topologia não linear, denominado NPID. Este visa reduzir as limitações encontradas no PID linear, através de funções não lineares em seus termos. O último e mais complexo se trata do controle por modos deslizantes (SMC). Também com estrutura não linear, o SMC possui como característica intrínseca a robustez a variações da planta. Ao final, são realizadas simulações e os controladores avaliados são implementados de maneira digital em um hardware de controle e aplicados em uma planta piloto de levitação eletromagnética. Os resultados de desempenho obtidos permitem avaliar qual topologia de controlador melhor se enquadra diante dessa aplicação. / Electromagnetic levitation systems are of interest when it is necessary the use of technology involving reduction of friction, acting without physical contact, rotating machinery and high speed trains. Due to the nonlinear dynamics, researchers have paid attention to the development of more sophisticated controllers, in order to improve the performance of these systems. Linear controllers have limitations in the operating range of the controlled variable and generally have low robustness when applied to linear systems. The objective of this work is to develop nonlinear controllers with different structures and analyze them, when applied to a prototype of the physical system. Initially the system is modeled mathematically through the phenomenological approach. Then the model parameters are identified by experimentally obtained data. Knowing the dynamic of the system through the model, three different controllers are designed using computer simulations. The first is the classic PID, a linear control widely used in industrial processes. The second controller is a PID with nonlinear topology, called NPID. This controller is intended to reduce the limitations found in the linear PID through non linear functions on its terms. The last and most complex is the sliding mode control (SMC). Also a nonlinear structure, the SMC has the intrinsic characteristic of robustness to variations of the plant. In the end, the simulations are performed and the evaluated controllers are implemented in digital form in a hardware control and applied in a pilot plant of an electromagnetic levitation system. With the performance results it is possible to verify which controller topology best fits this application.

The subject of this thesis is the real-time implementation of algebraic derivative estimators as observers in nonlinear control of magnetic levitation systems. These estimators are based on operational calculus and implemented as FIR filters, resulting on a feasible real-time implementation. The algebraic method provide a fast, non-asymptotic state estimation. For the magnetic levitation systems, the algebraic estimators may replace the standard asymptotic observers assuring very good performance and robustness. To validate the estimators as observers in closed-loop control, several nonlinear controllers are proposed and implemented in a experimental magnetic levitation prototype. The results show an excellent performance of the proposed control laws together with the algebraic estimators. / O tema dessa dissertação é a implementação em tempo real dos estimadores algébricos de derivadas como observadores no controle não-linear de levitação magnética. Esses estimadores são baseados no cálculo operacional e implementados como filtros FIR, resultando em uma implementação viável em tempo real. O método algébrico permite estimar os estados do sistema de maneira rápida e não-assintótica. Para os sistemas de levitação magnética, os estimadores algébricos podem substituir os observadores assintóticos assegurando boas propriedades de robustez e performance. A fim de validar os estimadores como observadores no controle em malha fechada, vários controladores não-lineares são propostos e implementados em um protótipo experimental. Os resultados mostram uma excelente performance dos controladores propostos juntamente com os estimadores algébricos.

Afin d’accomplir les promesses des récupérateurs d’énergie vibratoire (VEHs) qui s’imposent comme unealternative majeure pour garantir l’autonomie des capteurs pour la surveillance, leurs performances en termes debande passante et puissance récupérable doivent être améliorées. Dans cette thèse, à la différence des VEHs classiqueslinéaires et multimodales ou non-linéaires et mono-fréquence, on propose une approche de récupérationd’énergie basée sur des réseaux d’aimants couplés en lévitation ou élastiquement guidés combinant les avantagesdes non-linéarités et des interactions modales. Une étude bibliographique sur les récupérateurs d’énergie vibratoireest effectuée. En particulier, les inconvénients des récupérateurs linéaires et les techniques de réglage de fréquencesont présentées. De plus, les méthodes non-linéaires sont présentées pour définir une procédure de résolution permettantl’étude de la dynamique des récupérateurs non-linéaires. Les équations du mouvement qui contiennentla non-linéarité magnétique, la non-linéarité géométrique et l’amortissement électromagnétique sont résolus enutilisant la méthode de la balance harmonique couplée avec la méthode asymptotique numérique. Une méthodologied’optimisation multi-objectif basée sur l’algorithme Non Sorting Genetic Algorithm est appliquée afin decalculer les solutions optimales pour maximiser les performances du récupérateur d’énergie. Grâce au couplagenon-linéaire et aux interactions modales, pour le cas des trois aimants couplés, l’approche proposée permet la récupérationde l’énergie vibratoire dans la gamme fréquentielle 4;6 - 14;5 Hz, avec une bande passante d’environ190 % et une puissance normalisée de 20,2 mWcm-3g-2. / In order to accomplish the promises of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) as a major alternative to powersensors, their performances in terms of frequency bandwidth and harvested power have to be improved. In thisthesis, unlike classical VEHs either linear and multimodal or nonlinear and mono-frequency, we propose a vibrationenergy harvesting approach based on arrays of coupled levitated or elastically guided magnets combining thebenefits of nonlinearities and modal interactions.A review of VEHs is carried out. Particularly, the design issues of linear harvesters are addressed and frequencytuning techniques are presented. A review of nonlinear methods is also presented in order to define a solving procedureenabling the investigation of the dynamics of nonlinear VEHs. The equations of motion which include themagnetic nonlinearity, the geometric nonlinearity and the electromagnetic damping are solved using the harmonicbalance method coupled with the asymptotic numerical method. A multi-objective optimization procedure isintroduced and performed using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for the cases of small magnet arraysin order to select the optimal solutions in term of performances by bringing the eigenmodes close to each other interms of frequencies and amplitudes. Thanks to the nonlinear coupling and the modal interactions even for onlythree coupled magnets, the proposed method enable harvesting the vibration energy in the operating frequencyrange of 4.6–14.5 Hz, with a bandwidth of 190 % and a normalized power of 20:2mWcm-3g-2.

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