Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg.

This thesis seeks to justify on moral grounds the existence of tort systems. The argument is that corrective justice is necessary but not sufficient to succeed at this task. Corrective justice is necessary because it is the only principle that can adequately justify the bilateral structure of tort litigation between claimants and defendants, and full compensatory damages as the default remedy in most tort systems. However, it is argued that the critiques to corrective justice lead us to the important lesson that tort law is more than just corrective justice. Three gaps of corrective justice are identified: the equivalence between gains and losses, the definition of what counts as a tort, and the diversity of remedies. The thesis offers a solution to these problems based on the values of restorative and distributive justice. It is argued that restorative justice plays an important role in tort law, providing an apologetic framework for material compensation (the message that money awards communicate), but especially for symbolic remedies, such as apologies, nominal damages, non-pecuniary damages, punitive damages, and gain-based damages, solving the diversity of remedies problem. This restorative framework of tort remedies is compatible with corrective justice. Distributive justice also plays an important role in tort law. Even though corrective and distributive justice are conceptually separate concepts, in the context of tort law they cannot be separated. It is argued that the definition of what counts as a tort involves a distributive task. Following this argument, the thesis argues that there is a distributive uneasiness in tort law, because tort law protects some interests regardless of how they were acquired, and regardless of whether their distribution amounts to an unfair distribution of resources. It is suggested that the distributive mechanism of insurance can solve, or at least ameliorate, this uneasiness.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-15T13:23:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo.pdf: 806064 bytes, checksum: 476a32676d05612645893d7a38a941b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:50:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo.pdf: 806064 bytes, checksum: 476a32676d05612645893d7a38a941b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:50:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo.pdf: 806064 bytes, checksum: 476a32676d05612645893d7a38a941b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Como objeto da presente pesquisa elegeu-se a questão da responsabilidade civil do estado por atos legislativos. O principal escopo deste ensaio foi o de depurar as possibilidades e limites da responsabilização civil do estado por sua atividade legiferante em face da ordem jurídica brasileira buscando satisfazer as condições para alçá-la ao status de efetiva garantia dos cidadãos e de parâmetro para efetivação dos valores e preceitos constitucionais. A estrutura do trabalho atentando à diversidade intrínseca ao tema foi desenhada de forma a possibilitar uma análise global e suficientemente sólida dos diversos problemas envolvidos. A pesquisa foi dividida em três capítulos de desenvolvimento além da introdução e da conclusão. No primeiro deles discute-se a complexa idéia de lei par focar sobretudo no fenômeno legislativo moderno necessariamente atrelado a uma instância política o estado e a um processo de produção o devido processo legal. O passo seguinte consistiu no enfrentamento da temática atinente à responsabilidade civil do estado no que se procurou estabelecer uma análise que permitisse reconduzi-la a uma estrutura única útil às espécies subjetiva e objetiva de modo a informar alguns mitos que circundam a teoria do risco. Em seguida transpuseram-se as constatações à seara específica da responsabilidade civil do estado à qual não raro se confere tratamento assistemático e casuístico a permitir a aparição de alternativas e soluções que pouco atentas aos valores e fundamentos da ordem jurídica institucionalizada afiguram-se incoerentes. Assentadas as bases necessárias o trabalho passou a se debruçar no quarto capítulo sobre o objeto específico de pesquisa qual seja a responsabilidade civil do estado por atos legislativos. Tendo as idéias desenvolvidas nos capítulos anteriores como norte procurou-se organizar as idéias que giram meio que desconexas e soltas ao decorrer do tema em um torno de um sistema. / Salvador

Increasing accountability is a key element in a wide variety of governance reforms, from national level, public sector restructuring, to anti corruption campaigns and to centralise service delivery at local levels. (Van Wyk, 2002:311). Financial accountability has a major effect on performance issues, and these two combined have implications on democratic accountability. It is obviously a fact that when public officials become accountable, this will have a positive effect on service delivery. The introduction of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) 1999 (Act 1 of 1999) as amended by Act 29 of 1999 adopts an approach to financial management, which emphasises the need for accountability of results by focusing on output and responsibility rather than the rule driven approach of the previous Exchequer Acts. One quickly realises that the PFMA aims to regulate financial management at both National and Provincial levels of government. It directs attention at revenue, expenditure, assets and liabilities and aims to see that these are managed efficiently and effectively. Public finance accountability is increasingly becoming important in the public sector. One means of effecting accountability is through auditing. For this reason the Office of the Auditor -General through the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 (Act 108 of 1996 section 216 (1)) was established to facilitate effective accountability through auditing. The Office of the Auditor -General’s role is by no means minor, for it plays a major role in curbing corruption and acts as a ‘watchdog’ of the nation over public funds. Amidst high mismanagement and misuse of public resources, as well as corruption, especially in developing countries, the major question one asks is how effective the Auditor -General can be in ensuring effective public financial management and accountability within state departments so as to improve service delivery.

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Univ., Diss.--Frankfurt am Main, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 15 - 39.

Univ., Diss.--Freiburg i. Br., 2006. / Literatuverz. S. 149 - 155.