The diploma thesis deals with the gluten-free labelling placing emphasis on a trademark. The introductory chapter depicts specification of products suitable for gluten-free diet. The thesis assesses and compares commercial and legal aspects of trademark, quality mark and designation specified in public law. These are evaluated in connection with products suitable for gluten-free diet. The concluding part is devoted to an analysis of the European Licensing System.

The goal of this Diploma thesis is to create suitable materials that could be used by teachers teaching the program GIMP at elementary schools. GIMP graphic editor is an open source program released under the GPL licence and is used for raster graphics tool. Its quality is comparable to many other similar top graphic editors that, contrary to GIMP, are not for free.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Background: The Swedish driving licence test is a criterion-referenced test resulting in a pass or fail. It currently consists of two parts - a theory test with 65 multiple-choice items and a practical driving test where at least 25 minutes are spent driving in traffic. It is a high-stakes test in the sense that the results are used to determine whether the test-taker should be allowed to drive a car without supervision. As the only other requirements for obtaining a licence is a few hours of hazard education (and a short introduction if you intend to drive with a lay instructor) it is important that the test result, in terms of pass or fail, is reliable and valid. If this is not the case it could have detrimental effects on traffic safety. Examining all relevant aspects is beyond the scope of this licentiate thesis so I have focused on reliability. Methods Reliability for both the theoretical and practical test results was examined. As these are very different types of tests the types of reliability examined also differed. In order to examine inter-rater reliability of the driving test 83 examiners were accompanied by one of five selected supervising examiners for a day of tests. All in all 535 tests were conducted with two examiners assessing the same performance. At the end of the day the examiners compared notes and tried to determine the reason for any inconsistencies. Both examiners and students also filled in questionnaires with questions about background and preparation. As for studying decision consistency and decision accuracy of the theory test, three test versions (a total of around 12,000 tests) were examined with the help of methods devised by Subkoviak (Subkoviak, 1976, 1988) and Hanson & Brennan (Brennan, 2004; Hanson & Brennan, 1990). Results The results from two research studies concerning reliability were presented. Study I focused on inter-rater reliability in the driving test and in 93 per cent of cases the examiners made the same assessment. For the tests where their opinions differed there was no correlation to any of the background variables or other variables examined except for three, which had logical explanations and did not constitute a problem. Although there were cases where the differences were due to different stances on matters of interpretation the most common suggested cause was the placement in the car (back seat vs. front seat). Although the supervising examiners gave both praise and criticism as to how the test was carried out the study does not answer the question whether the tests were equal in terms of composition and difficulty. In Study II the focus was on decision consistency and decision accuracy in the theory test. Three versions of the theory tests were examined and, on the whole, found to be fairly similar in terms of item difficulty and score distribution, but the mean was so close to the cut-score (i.e. the score required to pass) that the pass rate differed somewhat between versions. Agreement coefficients were around .80 for all test versions (between .79 and .82 depending on method). Classification accuracy indicated an .87 probability of a correct classification. Conclusion It is important to examine the reliability and validity of the driving licence test since a misclassification can have serious consequences in terms of traffic safety. In the studies included here the rate of agreement between examiners is deemed as satisfactory. It would be preferable if the classification consistency and classification accuracy, as estimated by the methods used, were higher for the theory test, given its importance. While reliability in terms of agreement between raters/examiners or consistency and accuracy of classification are routinely examined in other contexts, such as large-scale educational testing, this is not often done for the driving licence tests. At the same time, the methods used here can be transferred to contexts where such properties are generally not examined. Collecting information about test-takers and examiners, like in Study I, can provide evidence concerning possible bias. Examining to what extent decisions are consistent is one important aspect of collecting evidence that shows that test results can be used to draw conclusions about driver competence. Still, regardless of outcome, validation is a process that never ends. There is always reason to examine various aspects and make further improvements. There are also many other relevant aspects to examine. A prerequisite for the validity of the score interpretation of a criterion-referenced test like this one is that the cut-score is appropriate and the content relevant. This should therefore be the subject of further research as the validation process continues.

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the recent development of collective administration of rights (CRM). I have chosen this topic because of its actual impact and current changes on the field of CRM. The growing importance of the Internet and of digitisation technologies is opening up new possibilities for distributing creative content online. This is not in harmony with territorial principles of administration of right in Europe. So, there are challenges which can change the way how CRM cooperate and compete. First chapter briefly describes collective administration of rights in Czech Republic. Second chapter is focused on public licences concretely Creative commons. Their impact on CRM is unexceptionable and the national legislature has to react on this new phenomenon of licensing of copyright works. The goal of this chapter is to introduce that public licence, describe their compatibility with Czech law system and draw attention to problematic paragraphs which blocks simple and lawful way how to use them. Digitalization project such as Europeana open up the orphan works problem which is due by the fact that new digital media provide unprecedented opportunities for reutilizing 'old' existing content. There is a huge problem of right clearance of copyright and related rights which can influence...

This thesis covers the topic of copyright law in schools. It is an overview of the usage of the copyright law, especially in the practice of pupils, students, teachers and other pedagogical workers. It tries to present an integrated overview of basic rules which can be used in the educational process in the areas of creation of an original work, licenses, non-contractual usage of the original works and the liabilities for breaching the copyright law. It covers the situations when the pupils, students, teachers and other pedagogical workers are the creators of an original work as well as cases when these people want to use original works created by others. A part of this thesis are comments from practice and findings based on surveys and discussions with the pupils and pedagogical staff.

The thesis focuses on the analysis of the effect of selected elements of public licenses on increasing the quality of information published in the informational environment of the internet. The objective of the thesis is to ascertain whether there is a real effect on the quality of information in the internet environment through improvements in the quality of the sources of such information, as well as the reflection of the results of the conducted analysis within the obligatory informational education in the Czech Republic. In the first section, the work deals with the copyright aspects relating to the analyzed issue and defines, from a legal standpoint, the individual components of the information environment being analyzed - the internet, the participants of the informational process, the information and the options of dealing with them. In the subsequent section, the matter of licenses is presented, with a focus on the issue of public licenses in general, as well as specific selected license types constituting a potential platform for qualified informational behavior. The last section of the thesis summarizes the results of qualitative research of the effect of licensing policy on the informational environment of the internet through the application of public licenses. The results of such...

The goal of this diploma thesis is to provide an overview of the increasingly more important world of copyright protection as it concerns computer programs. The focus of this overview being primarily that of the national law of the Czech Republic, however this diploma thesis takes into account international law where applicable as well. The thesis begins with an introduction into the very concept of copyright law, the definition of a copyrightable work and that of computer programs and terms related therein. What follows is a brief account of the history of computer programs and computer programing in general as a basis for the following legal perspective into the matter. An international overview of the subject matter follows, including a look at key moments from an international perspective at the field of copyright protection of computer programs, including a brief overview of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement as well as aspects of European Law. Computer programs as subjects of copyright protection, including additional classification, are the basis of the next chapter, while an account of the specifics of authorship, co-authorship, collective works and works created under employment follows thereafter. The subject matter of copyright itself, distinctions therein, the subject matter of...

- Economic rights in copyright The theme of this thesis are economic rights in copyright. They are one of two categories which compose the content of copyright. The second category is called copyrights related to personality. These two categories of copyright can not be separated by exact borderline - economic rights in copyright include economic component, and vice versa. Economic rights in copyright are rights which have economic importance for their right holder. Economic rights in copyright can be divided into two main categories: exploitation right (in wide sense) and other economic rights in copyright. Exploitation right in wide sense include exploitation right and right of granting licence to other person. The aim of my thesis is to analyse and summarize contemporary situation of a legislation regulating economic rights in copyright and institutes relating to them. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The purpose of Chapter One is to explain what is a content of copyright and to briefly describe economic rights in copyright and copyrights related to personality in two parts of this Chapter. Chapter Two of the thesis is called economic rights in copyright. This chapter is subdivided into five parts. First part deals with influence of a definition of concept ,,thing" in New Civil Code upon...

Relations of the Central bank to Commercial banks This thesis deals with the relations among the central bank and commercial banks laying emphasize on the situation in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to characterize and analyze relations among the Czech National Bank and commercial banks, to evaluate them and suggest possible legislative improvements to strengthen the stability of banking institutions and thus the entire economy. In the beginning of the thesis the basic terms are defined. Then the types of relations among the central bank and commercial banks are described. The thesis is due to the wide number of emerging relations among the central bank and commercial banks focused mainly on relations associated with entrance into the banking sector, on the proper functioning of banks and on the relations associated with their extinction. The main part of the thesis is logically divided into another three parts. The first part describes the mechanism of granting banking licenses and the possibility of foreign institutions's establishment in the Czech banking market. Huge attention is dedicated to the unique bank license concept. In the second part there are described the most important conditions that are necessary for the banking sector to run properly. Most of this section is...