The purpose of this project was to interview mothers of newborns who participated in early intervention services focusing on the implementation of a tool developed at the Family, Infant and Preschool Program (FIPP) in North Carolina. The intent was to examine the experience of mothers and home visitors employing the tool, which was designed to enhance the mother/infant relationship. However, a stronger focus on the relationship between mother and home visitor emerged throughout the interviews. Among some participants the relationship among practitioner and parent appeared to create a safe space to share, practice strategies and grow. Although characteristics of FIPP practices associated with the tool remained consistent among home visitors, the way in which services were implemented were unique to each home visitor and parent. Mothers participating in the project were identified as coping with numerous life stressors associated with poverty at the time of the interviews.

Introducción: Estudio pionero en analizar los datos referentes a ansiedad y depresión del Censo Nacional Penitenciario 2016 (CNPP). Los eventos adversos en la niñez (ELS) se encuentran relacionados a nivel epigenético a depresión y ansiedad. Los problemas de salud mental son la primera carga en años de vida perdidos por discapacidad al año 2016 en el Perú. La depresión y ansiedad tienen alta prevalencia en sistemas penitenciarios internacionalmente. Objetivos: Determinar si la exposición a ELS está asociada a depresión y ansiedad autorreportadas en la población penitenciaria peruana. Materiales y métodos: Análisis secundario a partir de la base de datos del CNPP. Las variables dependientes fueron el autorreporte de depresión y/o ansiedad. Las variables independientes fueron la exposición a los siguientes ELS por parte de los cuidadores: Abuso físico, consumo de alcohol, consumo de drogas y situación de abandono. La asociación fue de tipo multivariada, estimada mediante el cálculo de razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza al 95% mediante la regresión de Poisson con varianzas robustas. Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre ELS y depresión (RPa 1.41, IC 1.34-1.49, p<0,05). Asimismo, se encontró asociación entre ELS y ansiedad (RPa 1.35, IC 1.28 – 1.42, p<0,05). Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre los ELS estudiados y depresión, así como con ansiedad autorreportadas. Los resultados de este estudio podrían contribuir al mejor conocimiento de la salud mental de la población penitenciaria peruana con el fin de optimizar sistemas de tamizaje y tratamiento. / Introduction: Neuropsychiatric disease represents the first major cause of disability adjusted life years in Peru. This dissertation analyzes the data referring to anxiety and depression from the 2016 Peruvian National Penitentiary Census. On 2016, mental health problems were the first cause of years lost to disability in Peru. Internationally, both anxiety and depression have high prevalence among inmates. Objectives: Establish association between depression and anxiety in relation to Early Life Stressors (ELS) in the Peruvian imprisoned population, additional factors associated with depression and anxiety were analyzed. Materials and methods: Secondary analysis of the data from the 2016 Peruvian National Penitentiary Census. The assessed outcomes are anxiety and depression; while the exposure variables are ELS, experienced between the ages of 5-12, such as physical abuse, tutor’s alcohol or illegal drugs consumption, neglect. Multivariable analysis has been executed, through the calculus of adjusted prevalence ratios using Poisson's regression model with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results: Association between ELS and self-reported depression (PR 1.41, CI 1.34-1.49, p<0,05). Similarly, association between ELS and self-reported anxiety was found (PR 1.35, CI 1.28 – 1.42, p<0,05). Conclusions: This paper finds significant association between both mental health issues. The acknowledgement of these factors is important inasmuch as the understanding of them, which may help the optimization of screening methods and later treatment of the imprisoned population. / Tesis

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life stressors, resources, and psychological symptomatology of 20 family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Stressors were categorized as stressors specific to the caregiving role and general life stressors. Resources were also categorized as resources specific to the caregiving role and general life resources. Multiple regression determined which stressors, resources, and demographic variables predicted psychological symptomatology. Specific stressors that were significant predictors included: caregiving events, caregiving event chronicity, and mean burden scores. Significant general stressors included: size of caregivers' household, non-caregiving events and non-caregiving event chronicity. Significant resources included: other caregivers, the duties other caregivers provided, and caregiver's educational level. No Other Demographic Variables were found to be significant predictors.

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga om och vilka kopplingar som finns mellan våldsutsatthet, psykisk ohälsa samt de sociala konsekvenser som våldet samt den psykiska ohälsan har. Studien är formulerad som en enkät och frågorna är formulerade efter en tematisk analys av tidigare forskning i ämnet samt genom KASAM frågor. För att svara på uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar konstruerades en digital enkät som skapades via easy quest och publicerades på diverse intressegrupper för våld och psykisk ohälsa. Totalt deltog 70 respondenter. Frågorna berörde även sociala konsekvenser som uppkommit av våld och psykisk ohälsa. Svaren på enkäten analyserades statistiskt via SPSS version 28. Huvud resultatet pekar på att våldets frekvens samt antalet erfarna våldsformer är av betydelse för utvecklandet av psykisk ohälsa samt att dessa leder till sociala konsekvenser främst som arbetslöshet, dålig ekonomi och social isolering. Med tanke på våldets omfattande konsekvenser på flera plan är slutsatsen att mer behöver göras för att förebygga att våldet ens utövas, särskilt för barn och unga. / The overall purpose of this paper is to map if and what links exist between violence, mental illness and the social consequences of violence and mental illness. The study is formulated as a questionnaire and the questions are formulated after a thematic analysis of previous research on the subject as well as through KASAM questions. To answer the purpose and questions of the thesis, a digital questionnaire was constructed that was created via easy quest and published on various interest groups for violence and mental illness. A total of 70 respondents participated. The questions also touched on social consequences arising from violence and mental illness. The answers to the questionnaire were statistically analyzed via SPSS version 28. The main results indicate that the frequency of violence and the number of experienced forms of violence are of importance for the development of mental illness and that these lead to social consequences such as unemployment, poor economy, and social isolation. Given the wide-ranging consequences of violence on several levels, it is concluded that more needs to be done to prevent violence from even being perpetrated, especially for children and young people.

Objectives: Research on life stressors and adverse life events has a long tradition. Few studies have addressed this topic in connection to very old people. Life stressors, especially major life stressors (MLSs) experienced by clients of home care services in the community have rarely been the subject of studies. Considering this gap, we investigated the prevalence of MLSs in home care clients. We examined the effects that MLSs have on their mood and health status as well as the impact of clients’ social resources on MLSs and their outcomes. Method: We used assessment data from 2,884 home care clients in six European countries. The methodological basis was the comprehensive and standardized interRAI Home Care Assessment (interRAI HC). Results: Fifteen point four percent of the sample—that consisted of women and men with an average age of 82.89 years–experienced an MLS in the last 6 months before the assessment. They were more depressed than persons without these experiences, and their health status indicated a higher level of instability and deterioration. At reassessment after 6 months, the situation changed. Despite the fact that both outcomes of the MLSs, depression and health status became worse in the reassessment-sample, home care clients without MLS were more affected by the worsening, especially that of depression. The expected buffering impact of social resources was low. Discussion: Although this study worked with limited information on MLSs, it could contribute to closing various knowledge gaps. The study shows that the MLSs represent a prevalent problem in a population of home care clients and that this problem has negative consequences for their mood and the stability of their health status. Furthermore, this research took up the situation of very old and vulnerable adults, who have previously rarely been considered in studies on major critical life events and stressors. Conclusion and Research Perspective: Future research on MLSs has to take up the issue of the time passage between the MLS and the impact on health and well-being of individuals dependent on care. It has to determine immediate as well as later consequences and identify those factors that are appropriate to reduce the MLS-effects on very old people dependent on care.