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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular disorder in adults. CAD often results in myocardial infarction or angina (Wilson, 2003:21). It is an accepted fact that the incidence of CAD has reached endemic proportions in South Africa (Venter, 1993:15). Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and insertion of a coronary stent are major therapeutic approaches to the treatment of CAD. However, these procedures do nothing to correct the underlying disease process (Hunt, Hendrata, Myles, 2000:389; Venter, 1993:15). Due to physiological changes patients suffering from CAD are expected to make lifestyle adaptations, in order to improve quality of life and prevent further damage to coronary arteries (Gotto, 1987:29). It is suspected that patients do not always adapt their lifestyle when they suffer from CAD, or if they do, do not maintain these adaptations. The following question emerges: • Do patients with coronary artery disease adapt their lifestyle and if they do, do they maintain these adaptations? The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the extent to which patients with CAD who underwent CABG, PTCA or insertion of a coronary stent adapt their lifestyles and to what extent they maintain these adaptations. Secondly, the purpose is to set guidelines to help with the improvement of lifestyle adaptations and contingency of adaptations. The objectives of the study is to explore and describe the extent to which patients with CAD adapt their lifestyles following CABG surgery, PTCA or insertion of a i coronary stent, the comparison of the extent of these lifestyle adaptations after two and four months and to set guidelines to improve the extent and contingency of lifestyle adaptations. An explorative and descriptive study was done in order to explore and describe the extent to which patients with CAD, who underwent CABG surgery, PTCA or insertion of coronary a stent, adapted their lifestyle, and to determine the maintenance of these lifestyle adaptations. For the purpose of this study questionnaires, based on a conceptual framework, were designed. The questionnaires enabled the researcher to explore and describe the lifestyle adaptations that patients with CAD underwent. The study was conducted in five private hospitals in Gauteng. The data obtained confirmed that patients suffering from CAD do adapt their lifestyle after having CABG surgery, PTCA or insertion of a coronary stent. Data also showed that the presence of a cardiac rehabilitation centre at the hospital where participants were treated, has a significant influence on patients’ ability to adapt their lifestyle and to maintain this new lifestyle. / Dr. W.O.J. Nel Ms. W. Jacobs

A highly debated subject today is the high level of consumption, how to reduce it and how to start consuming more sustainably. One consequence is an economy based on sharing, or so-called collaborative consumption, which has become exceedingly popular. Grounded on the controversial topic of sustainability, it enables individuals to find alternative ways to consume, namely collaborative lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to explore how interpersonal trust affects engagement in collaborative lifestyles from a gender perspective. Different types of trust, interpersonal trust and online trust, as well as aspects of trust, risk and expectation, have been scrutinized. Empirical data was collected through a qualitative method using online focus groups. The findings show that different kinds of trust affect engagement in collaborative lifestyles. Although no generalization could be made between gender, an indication of gender differences was found in risk taking when engaging in collaborative lifestyle-services. Although interpersonal trust was not the most apparent factor, online trust was found to be of importance for the participants in general. In addition, we saw an indication of younger generations relying more on online trust than interpersonal trust. This study contributes with a greater understanding of consumer behavior in relation to collaborative lifestyles. This can in turn provide companies in the industry with knowledge about their consumers and therefore advantages in market positioning.

Submitted for the Degree of Master of Technology: Graphic Design, Durban Institute of Technology Durban, 2005. / This document discusses the motivation for and the process of making a 52 minute television Art documentary designed to inform and to create an awareness of the problem of modern culture and its impact on the environment. Drawing on qualitative research from a worldwide research journey, it investigates modern culture's socially conditioned state and how television has assisted to that end. It then explores the philosophical views and constructs behind the Sixties movement and Rainbow - an alternative social collective that evolved out of the Sixties Movement, and uses these findings to serve as the creative basis for the making of the film, The Search for Utopia. / M

As cefaleias acometem grande parte da população mundial. Este sintoma afeta a qualidade de vida e a produtividade de quem as têm Crianças e adolescentes com cefaleia também são alvos destas perdas. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de cefaleia em uma amostra representativa de alunos dos ensinos fundamental e médio da rede pública. Verificar a relação entre: 1) cefaleias e variáveis físicas (gênero, cor da pele referida, índice massa corporal-IMC e doenças crônicas referidas); 2) cefaleias e alguns hábitos de vida (ingestão de álcool, prática de exercícios físicos regulares, horas diárias de sono noturno, horas semanais gastas em TV, internet e videogame); 3) cefaleia e uso de aparelhos, como os ortodônticos e óculos, e 4) cefaleia e rendimento escolar avaliado por meio das notas referidas. Métodos: Após sorteio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino de cada região da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (norte, sul, leste, oeste e centro), foram sorteadas as salas de aula, uma de cada ano/série dos cursos fundamental II e médio. Foi aplicado um questionário em 415 alunos com idade mediana de 15 anos, que concordaram em participar do estudo e cujos pais ou responsáveis assinaram o Termo de Livre Consentimento e Esclarecimento. Foram utilizados os testes para análises estatísticas: 1) Teste exato de Fischer através do comando PROC FREQ do Software SAS® 9; 2) Anova através do comando PROC GLM do Software SAS® 9; 3) Regressão logística para calculo do ODDS RATIO, através do comando PROC LOGIST do Software SAS® 9. Para todos foram admitidos 95% de intervalo de confiança (95% CI). Resultados e Conclusões: a prevalência de cefaleias nessa amostra populacional é de 72,8%, sendo que nas meninas é de 79% e nos meninos 62,5%. Observamos correlação positiva entre: 1) gênero e cefaleia, meninas tem um risco estimado 2,3 vezes maior que os meninos; 2) ingestão de álcool e cefaleia, visto que os que ingerem bebidas alcoólicas têm probabilidade 2,1 vezes maior de terem cefaleia; e 3) uso de aparelho ortodôntico e cefaleia (p=0,02). Não houve correlação significativa entre cefaleia e as demais variáveis selecionadas por este estudo (cor da pele referida, doença crônica referida, IMC, uso de óculos, prática de exercícios físicos regulares, horas de sono, horas semanais gastas em TV, internet e videogame e notas escolares). / The headaches afflict a large part of world population. This symptom affects quality of life and productivity of those who have. Children and adolescents with headache are also subject to these losses. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of headache in a representative sample of students in public elementary and high schools. To verify the relationship between: 1) headache and physical variables (gender, skin color reported, body mass index-BMI and chronic diseases such), 2) headache and some lifestyle habits (alcohol intake, regular physical activity, hours night of sleep daily, weekly hours spent on TV, internet and videogames), 3) headache and use of appliances such as orthodontic and glasses, and 4) headache and academic performance evaluated by means of these notes. Methods: We randomly selected one school for the city region (north, south, east, west and center), then randomly selected one room of each series / year. A questionnaire was applied to 415 students who agreed to participate in the study whose parents or guardians signed a free and informed consent. Tests were used for statistical analysis: 1) Fischer\'s exact test with the command PROC FREQ of SAS ® 9 Software, 2) ANOVA with the command PROC GLM of SAS ® 9 Software, 3) Logistic regression for odds ratio by PROC command LOGIST Software SAS ® 9. For all patients were admitted 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of headache in this population is 72.8% and in girls is 79% and 62.5% in boys. We observed a positive correlation between: 1) gender and headache, since girls had an estimated risk 2.3 times higher than boys, 2) alcohol and headache, as those who drink alcohol have 2.1 times more likely have headache, and 3) use of orthodontic appliance and headache (p =0.02). There was no significant correlation between headache and other variables selected for this study (skin color reported, chronic disease, BMI, use of glasses, regular physical activity, sleeping hours, weekly hours spent on TV, internet and videogames and school performance)

This study resituates the twentieth-century origins of lifestyle reform movements by examining the cultural politics of nourishment in the Tokugawa period (1600-1868), when the move toward a shared, authoritative, and seemingly objective system of dietary reform began to take shape, apart from the influence of modern nutritional sciences or the nation-state. A host of popular writers adapted older knowledge on medicine and longevity to communicate rules for dietary conduct that could apply across the spectrum of status and class. The celebration of nourishment in the emerging cultural marketplace of Tokugawa Japan in part represented an attempt to bring society back into alignment through a rhetoric that bundled self-regulation, morality, and individual and collective prosperity into a holistic sense of what the body could become in the world when properly fueled. Surrendering to a desire for the delicious was tantamount to shirking one’s duty, inviting disease, and weakening not only the individual body but the household as well. This tension between self-regulation and an expanded, socially embedded conception of bodily care became the animating logic behind the dispensation and reception of dietary advice in Japan from the eighteenth century on. As the core component in a system of healthy being, nourishing life in late-Tokugawa Japan transcended the personal longevity regimens from which it had once originated to become a perceived cure for social ills. Developments in the Tokugawa and Meiji periods reveal an ongoing tension between a universal healthy diet rooted in human physiology and Japan-specific nutritional standards meant to apply only locally. This study seeks to demonstrate how difficult it can be to isolate and identify a Japanese diet in light of waves of historical change, not only in patterns of eating but in thought and motivation behind competing visions of what to eat and why. Each new iteration of advice represents another attempt to distill and communicate priorities that often extend beyond immediate physiological concerns of bodily care. Following dietary guidance into the past compels us to think of nourishment not as a progression to an increasingly sophisticated and complete understanding of the ways in which food affects how the body performs in the world, but as a contingent struggle between systems of self-care with their own logics, claims to efficacy, and extra-physiological concerns rooted in the historical contexts from which they emerged. Chapter One examines Kaibara Ekiken’s (1630-1714) Precepts on Nourishing Life (Yōjōkun, 1713), a text that marked a turning point at which previously esoteric principles of health migrated from medical systems to an emerging popular culture of nourishment. By the end of the Tokugawa period, Yōjōkun had become both a set of specific principles recorded by Ekiken and a “brand” that others could use to legitimize their own dietary sensibilities. Ekiken carved out a new position from the earlier Chinese and Japanese longevity texts from which he drew inspiration, adapting a model of alimentary choice and personal responsibility to his own historical moment. Chapter Two explores the rise of new knowledge, new knowledge makers, and new knowledge consumers in vernacular dietary guidebooks. These guides changed the implicit structure of authority between ordinary people and those from whom they sought advice on health. Assertions that guidebooks alone could provide all the care one needed altered the terms of the relationship between everyday readers and experts by inserting a new layer of access to knowledge without the need for firsthand consultation. Despite emerging from the realm of medical knowledge, new nourishing life (yōjō) manuals betrayed a growing skepticism of doctors and medicinal healing, subordinating them to preventive nourishment regimens. Chapter Three investigates how the commercial publishing culture of late Tokugawa Japan created a venue for non-specialist authors to comment on the social place of the well-nourished body developed in nourishing life guides. Literary storybooks explored the moral and economic dimensions of health, highlighting excess, gluttony, wealth, and income disparity as themes in who should or could eat what. The chapter focuses on two ‘tales of the stomach,’ which aimed to demystify digestion and the workings of the inner body by personifying foods and bodily responses to them. I argue for a more expansive view of food publications in the Tokugawa period, as well as an understanding of didacticism inclusive enough to account for shared dietary themes across genres. Chapter Four concludes the dissertation by tracing the encounter between Tokugawa dietary health and Western scientific nutrition in the Meiji period (1868-1912), as the fledgling Japanese empire negotiated its new position vis-à-vis the West on political, cultural, and corporeal grounds. The new nutritional sciences were a novel departure from the norms of dietary thinking not only in Japan but in Europe and America, where views on diet had been largely commensurable with those of nourishing life until around the middle of the nineteenth century. Late Meiji doctor Ishizuka Sagen and the civil organizations founded to advance his ideas were among the first to use a “chemical theory of nutrition” to challenge new norms of Western science by evoking a traditionalist vision of a Japanese diet of brown rice, whole grains, miso, and vegetables. Yet vernacular advice persisted as the medium for recording and communicating nourishment to the public, and Tokugawa understandings of yōjō continued to live on in new forms.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Busca compreender as relaÃÃes que envolvem as interferÃncias de programas de polÃticas pÃblicas no artesanato por meio da atuaÃÃo de designers de moda no processo produtivo das artesÃs com a finalidade de ajustar o produto artesanal Ãs necessidades do mercado por meio da observaÃÃo de grupos de bordadeiras situados no municÃpio de Maranguape. AlÃm de descrever as conseqÃÃncias que esta nova realidade confere ao cotidiano das artesÃs, gerando muitas alteraÃÃes em seu modo de vida e na forma como valorizam o produto de seu trabalho, o presente estudo tambÃm à perpassado pelos fatores socioculturais que influenciam na criaÃÃo de demandas para os produtos artesanais na atualidade, como a necessidade de agregaÃÃo de valor simbÃlico/comercial aos bens industrializados, a necessidade de distinÃÃo entre grupos sociais e a geraÃÃo de renda para as pessoas que se encontram à margem do sistema industrial de produÃÃo. / This study wants to understand the relationships involving the interference of public policy programs in the handcraft by the role played by fashion designers in the production process of artisans in order to adjust the handcraft product to market needs by observing groups of embroiderers located in Maranguape. In addition to describing the consequences that this new reality gives the daily lives of artisans, creating many changes in their lifestyle and the way they value the product of their work, this study is also permeated by social and cultural factors that influencing the creation of demand for handcraft products at present time, the need for adding value commercial to industrial goods, the need to distinguish between social groups and income generation for people who are outside the system of industrial production.

This thesis examines the search for self in the context of lifestyle travellers. It has been suggested that maintaining a coherent sense of self has become problematic in late modernity as the socially constructed notion of a 'true self' has come to be regarded as concrete, whilst choice has increasingly replaced obligation or tradition as a basis in defining selves. Issues of self have been noted as especially important in the context of adopted lifestyles, as lifestyle can be a means through which individuals seek coherence in their lives. Furthermore, travelling to 'find one's self' has a lengthy tradition in popular literature that has also been reflected in tourism studies where research has been conducted into backpacker and traveller identities. Lifestyle travel is a post-traditional way of life wherein individuals are voluntarily exposed to an array of cultural praxes. Thus, the literatures on self, lifestyle and tourism point to lifestyle travel as a context where issues of self may be particularly relevant. Whilst there is a significant and growing body of research within tourism studies on backpackers, there is a dearth of information on individuals that travel as a lifestyle. Therefore, this thesis contributes to academic knowledge not only through its investigation into the search for self, but also by its conceptualisation of and empirical research into lifestyle travellers. With criteria for defining lifestyle travellers based on of a fluid combination of self-definition of travel as one's lifestyle and multiple trips of approximately six months or more, twenty-five semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out by the researcher with lifestyle travellers in northern Indian and southern Thailand from July through September 2007. In keeping with the paradigmatic ideals of interpretivism, emergent themes were identified from within the qualitative material including meanings that the lifestyle travellers attached to the search for self, surrounding issues of avoidance and seeking that influenced why they travelled as a lifestyle and their future travel intentions. Although there were multiple perspectives on how the search for self was conceived and approached, searching for self was voiced as a critical motivating factor for the majority of the lifestyle travellers. With a common view among most of the respondents of self as an internal object to be developed, many lifestyle travellers had been or were still on a Romantic modern quest of searching for their true self. Escapism, freedom and learning through challenge were identified as important themes surrounding the search for self, as lifestyle travellers described varying degrees of success in escaping their home societies and finding increased free space and time to learn about and challenge their ideas of self. Paradoxically, most of the lifestyle travellers sought to experience an inner self that dominant sociological views posit does not exist. The tension of searching for a unified sense of self in a world of relational selves is highlighted as not only problematic for the interviewees, but also for previous tourism studies that have premised their contributions on the existence of an inner self.

Older adults represent a growing part of the population of the United States. Due to decreased physical activity, dietary changes, and alterations in metabolic rate this population is susceptible to an increased rate of diseases. The generation entering older adulthood is one which welcomed fast food and meal replacement foods allowing them to adapt to a more sedentary lifestyle and to need programs of preventative health. The Nutrition and Life Satisfaction Survey was used to investigate gardening as a preventative health intervention for older adults. This instrument was used to compare older (age 50+) gardeners and nongardeners on their perceptions of personal life satisfaction, nutrition, health, and gardening habits. The instrument was posted online at the Aggie Horticulture website in spring 2005. Respondents differentiated themselves as gardeners or nongardeners by responding positively or negatively to the question “Do you garden?” Then, they completed the questionnaire about their quality of life andhealth status and, for gardeners, their gardening habits. Results indicated that gardeners had more desirable responses: Overall quality of life scores were higher for gardeners compared to nongardeners, and four individual quality of life statements yielded more positive answers by gardeners. Additionally, gardeners reported a higher consumption of total fruits and vegetables, including herbs, and of vegetables only including herbs. Personal reports of physical activity and of perceived health were higher among gardeners. Females were more likely than males to garden and spend a higher percentage of their budget on fruits and vegetables. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables and higher levels of physical activity result in healthier lifestyles and, in turn, can increase quality of life.