Beauty is something momentary and ever - fleeting, and if it is not appreciated while it is fully charged with life, it will become a memory, and its liveliness will be entirely lost.... Beauty is ever alive, because it has no past, no future, but the present. You hesitate, turn your head, and it will not be there any more... The project is a bookstore, located in a plaza between two high-rise buildings in downtown Chicago.The idea came from the desire to give people a place to sense the ordinary but precious lightness in their lives, to give them a place to read, to dream, to see the life of other people and to feel the beauty of nature. / Master of Architecture

No / When a planar object is rotated with respect to a directional light source, the reflected luminance changes. If surface lightness is to be a reliable guide to surface identity, observers must compensate for such changes. To the extent they do, observers are said to be lightness constant. We report data from a lightness matching task that assesses lightness constancy with respect to changes in object slant. On each trial, observers viewed an achromatic standard object and indicated the best match from a palette of 36 grayscale samples. The standard object and the palette were visible simultaneously within an experimental chamber. The chamber illumination was provided from above by a theater stage lamp. The standard objects were uniformly-painted flat cards. Different groups of naïve observers made matches under two sets of instructions. In the Neutral Instructions, observers were asked to match the appearance of the standard and palette sample. In the Paint Instructions, observers were asked to choose the palette sample that was painted the same as the standard. Several broad conclusions may be drawn from the results. First, data for most observers were neither luminance matches nor lightness constant matches. Second, there were large and reliable individual differences. To characterize these, a constancy index was obtained for each observer by comparing how well the data were accounted for by both luminance matching and lightness constancy. The index could take on values between 0 (luminance matching) and 1 (lightness constancy). Individual observer indices ranged between 0.17 and 0.63 with mean 0.40 and median 0.40. An auxiliary slant-matching experiment rules out variation in perceived slant as the source of the individual variability. Third, the effect of instructions was small compared to the inter-observer variability. Implications of the data for models of lightness perception are discussed.

This thesis is an attempt to inquire into the interrelationship of transparency and structure. It focuses on the unveiling the layers of transparent and translucent materials which alternately obscure and reveal a sequence of views. The project aspires to create spaces with interplay of vision and blockage by exploring the correlations of light, transparency, translucency, opacity, diffusion, reflection, floatation and lightness. It explores the crucial relationship of its bold tensile structure with the habitable spaces. / Master of Architecture

No description available.

No / In the companion study (C. Ripamonti et al., 2004), we present data that measure the effect of surface slant on perceived lightness. Observers are neither perfectly lightness constant nor luminance matchers, and there is considerable individual variation in performance. This work develops a parametric model that accounts for how each observer¿s lightness matches vary as a function of surface slant. The model is derived from consideration of an inverse optics calculation that could achieve constancy. The inverse optics calculation begins with parameters that describe the illumination geometry. If these parameters match those of the physical scene, the calculation achieves constancy. Deviations in the model¿s parameters from those of the scene predict deviations from constancy. We used numerical search to fit the model to each observer¿s data. The model accounts for the diverse range of results seen in the experimental data in a unified manner, and examination of its parameters allows interpretation of the data that goes beyond what is possible with the raw data alone.

Yes / There has been an intense discussion among the public about the colour of a dress, shown in a picture posted originally on Tumblr (http://swiked. tumblr.com/post/112073818575/ guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress white-and; accessed on 10:56 am GMT on Tue 24 Mar 2015). Some people argue that they see a white dress with golden lace, while others describe the dress as blue with black lace. Here we show that the question “what colour is the dress?” has more than two answers. / The full text was made available at the end of the publisher's embargo, 14th May 2016

No description available.

Image analysis problems, posed mathematically as variational principles or as partial differential equations, are amenable to numerical solution by relaxation algorithms that are local, iterative, and often parallel. Although they are well suited structurally for implementation on massively parallel, locally-interconnected computational architectures, such distributed algorithms are seriously handicapped by an inherent inefficiency at propagating constraints between widely separated processing elements. Hence, they converge extremely slowly when confronted by the large representations necessary for low-level vision. Application of multigrid methods can overcome this drawback, as we established in previous work on 3-D surface reconstruction. In this paper, we develop efficient multiresolution iterative algorithms for computing lightness, shape-from-shading, and optical flow, and we evaluate the performance of these algorithms on Synthetic images. The multigrid methodology that we describe is broadly applicable in low-level vision. Notably, it is an appealing strategy to use in conjunction with regularization analysis for the efficient solution of a wide range of ill-posed visual reconstruction problems.

Syfte: Bakgrund till den valda studien beror på den begränsade forskningen kring hur färger kan påverka betalningsviljan hos konsumenter. Det finns tidigare forskning som visar på att färger påverkar människan men som också pekat på att vidare forskning borde koppla samman färg och WTP. Syftet med studien är att analysera hur HSL påverkar kundernas känslor av interiörbilder i marknadsföring och hur det i sin tur påverkar kundernas betalningsvilja. Metod: För att genomföra studien genomfördes ett experiment på en högskola i Sverige med 102 slumpvis utvalda respondenter. Respondenterna fick besvara en enkät med tre bilder i varje. Det finns tre olika enkäter med samma bilder, men i två av enkäterna är bilderna manipulerade och i en enkät är det originalbilderna. Data som samlades in analyserades i SPSS där resultat togs fram som vi sedermera tolkar och analyser. Resultat & slutsats: Det vi kan visa på är att HSL har en påverkan på känslor och det främst när det kommer till högre ljusstyrka och mättnad. Vi har hittat skillnader som korroborerar med den tidigare forskningen men även skillnader som går emot den tidigare forskningen. Vi kan även konstatera att manipuleringarna ökar uppfattningen om hur prisvärd bostaden upplevs, och vi kan se tendenser till att betalningsviljan är något högre på de manipulerade bilderna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Eftersom att vårt resultat inte går att generalisera eller att använda för att falsifiera på grund av ett för litet urval kan vidare forskning replikera studien men med ett större urval. Vidare förslag på vidare forskning: -          Hur påverkar högre ljusstyrka och högre mättnad i samma bild konsumenternas känslor? -          Hur påverkar färgnyans betalningsviljan? Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till en ökad förståelse kring hur färger kan påverka känslor som i sin tur påverkar betalningsviljan. Vårt bidrag riktar sig även till branschen och hur branschen bör lägga stor vikt på bra bilder vid marknadsföring av bostadsobjekt. / Aim: The background to the chosen study is due to the limited research on colors effect on consumer’s willingness to pay. The research that has been done shows that colors affects humans, but there has also pointed out that further research should combine color and WTP. The purpose of this study is to analyze how HSL affects consumer’s emotions of interior pictures in marketing and how it in turn affects consumer’s willingness to pay. Method: To complete the study, an experiment was conducted at a university in Sweden with 102 randomly selected respondents. The respondents were asked to answer a survey with three pictures in each. There were three different surveys with the same pictures, but in two of the surveys the pictures were manipulated and in one survey there was the original picture. Data collected was analyzed in SPSS where the results were presented as we later interpreted and analyzed. Result & Conclusions: The results show that HSL has an influence on emotions and especially when it comes to higher brightness and saturation. We have found differences that corroborate with the previous research but also differences that go against the previous researches. We also find that the manipulations increased the perception of how affordable the housing was experienced, and we could see trends that the willingness to pay was slightly higher on the manipulated pictures. Suggestions for future research: Our results cannot be generalized or used to falsify due to the small selection, research can replicate the study but with a larger selection. Further suggestion for further research: -          How does higher brightness and higher saturation in the same picture affect the consumers’              emotions? -          How dose hues affect willingness to pay?  Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to an increased understanding of how colors can affect feelings and how it in turn affects willingness to pay. Our contribution is also aimed to people working in marketing and how they should place great emphasis on good pictures in the marketing of housing properties.

A Master thesis about the Garpenberg deposit located in Bergslagen, a lithotectonic domain, with a mining history that might date back as far as 350 BC. Marble- and skarn-hosted sulfide deposits are found in the area, which creates the opportunity to mine both limestone and sulfidic ore in a single mine. Garpenberg is such a location hence this thesis, which aims to quantify the factors governing spectrophotometric lightness in marble at the Dammjön ore body. The work is mainly based on five drill cores which were logged and sampled. A total of twenty-seven samples were characterized using lithogeochemical analysis and thin-section analysis. The amount of Acid Insoluble Residue (AIR), magnetic minerals and the spectrophotometric lightness were determined for the same samples. The calcite marble was divided into seven different varieties; 1) calcite marble breccia, 2) light, 3) grey, 4) green, 5) banded salmon pink, 6) ophicalcite and 7) spotted calcite marble. The dolomite marble is white to grey in color and skarn minerals are common and varies between 5-20 vol.%. Grey and light calcite marble are the varieties with the highest spectrophotometric lightness, and it could be shown that the lightness increases with a decreasing amount of titanium, aluminum and zirconium which are chemical proxies for mineralogical impurities of originally volcaniclastic origin. High-quality calcite marble is a potentially economic by-product at the Garpenberg mine, the lightest samples are nearly as light as the light standard used during analysis (92.45 out of 100%). The lightest marble is also the chemically most pure which means that the calcium oxide (CaO) and total-carbon content are high. Key geological factors detrimental to lightness and purity are the primary composition, which is determined by the admixture of volcaniclastic material in the limestone precursor. Hydrothermal alteration with the addition of silicates, sulfides and oxides forms a halo around the massive sulfide lenses. Dolomite marble, which is more proximal to ore, is richer in manganese and sulfides, and not as light as the calcite marble at Dammsjön.