Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Kapur, Paul S. ; Second Reader: Porch, Douglas. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Cold Start, principal-agent problem, compellence, civil-military relations, inter-service rivalry, escalation, deliberate and inadvertent, limited war, nuclear weapons. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-108). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004. / Title from title page screen, viewed November 17, 2004. Dissertation Committee: Robert L. Fisher (chair), Fabiola Ehlers-Zavala, Barbara Meyer, S. Rex Morrow. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-208) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas A&M University, 2004. / "August 2004." Title taken from PDF title screen (viewed October 22, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-149).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-285).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Marburg, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-233).

Les tests moléculaires sont fréquemment demandés pour le diagnostic et le suivi des maladies infectieuses dans les pays développés. Cependant, sa disponibilité reste limitée dans les pays à ressources limitées dû à des contraintes de coûts, des technologies et des ressources humaines. Dans les régions éloignées, un accès limité aux installations de laboratoire constitue également un problème majeur. Le développement de méthodes de PCR sur plateformes ouvertes dans des laboratoires de référence tels que le Centre MURAZ au Burkina-Faso et l'utilisation d’échantillons de sang total capillaires sur DBS peuvent faciliter l'accès aux tests moléculaires.Selon la directive de l'OMS, la quantification de l'ARN du VIH à l'aide de DBS peut être une alternative dans les contextes d’accès difficile au laboratoire. Une préoccupation majeure est la spécificité sous-optimale de l’utilisation des DBS en raison de l'interférence de l'ADN du VIH archivé dans des cellules infectées sur la charge virale ARN du VIH. Dans une première étude, nous avons déterminé le niveau d'ADN du VIH-1 qui entravait la fiabilité de la quantification de l'ARN du VIH-1 sur des DBS. Une détection d'ARN du VIH-1 faussement positif (22/62, 35%) a été associée à des niveaux élevés d'ADN de VIH-1. Nos résultats indiquent que la spécificité des tests d'ARN du VIH-1 sur les DBS devrait être évaluée suivant les protocoles du fabricant sur les échantillons avec des niveaux d'ADN de VIH-1 de ≥1 000 copies / 106 cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique.Outre les infections fréquemment diagnostiquées, il est urgent d'intensifier la recherche d’infections négligées comme la leptospirose. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons exploré la leptospirose par des tests sérologiques et moléculaires comme cause négligée de maladie chez les patients atteints d’ictère fébrile au Burkina Faso. Les résultats ont montré pour la première fois que la leptospirose est une cause insoupçonnée de maladie fébrile aiguë dans ce pays semi-aride.Dans la dernière partie du doctorat, nous avons développé un test de PCR multiplex pour le diagnostic de la méningite à herpès simplex virus (HSV) et à Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) chez des patients suspects de méningite aseptique. Cette qPCR qui a permis de tester dans un seul essai HSV 1/2 et MTB était très spécifique, sensible et reproductible. La concentration d'ADN la plus faible donnant 100% de signal de détection a été estimée à 2,12 copies / μl pour HSV1, 1,76 pour HSV2 et 2,15 copies / μl pour MTB. Parmi les 202 échantillons de LCR inclus dans cette étude, 5 (2,46%) étaient positifs: 2 (0,99%) pour HSV et 3 (1,47%) pour MTB. Ce test peut être particulièrement utile dans les cas de méningite / encéphalite avec un faible nombre de globules blancs dans le CSF.Notre projet a montré l'importance de la mise en œuvre de nouvelles méthodes moléculaires pour fournir des données préliminaires sur le fardeau des maladies infectieuses, y compris la leptospirose, la tuberculose et la méningite à HSV au Burkina Faso. Le DBS est un spécimen alternatif qui facilite l'accès aux tests moléculaires mais nécessite des études de validation. Les approches syndromiques doivent être testées et mises en œuvre dans les pays à ressources limitées en se basant sur l'expertise locale et la mise en œuvre de méthodes moléculaires dans les laboratoires de référence. / Molecular assays are frequently requested for the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases. While nucleic acid testing is the standard of care in developed countries, its availability remains limited and constrained by cost, technologies, and human resources in many settings, including West Africa. In remote areas, limited access to laboratory facilities is also a main issue. The development of PCR methods on open polyvalent platform in reference laboratories such as the Centre Muraz in Burkina-Faso and the use of capillary whole blood collected on DBS specimens can facilitate access to nucleic acid testing.According to WHO guideline HIV-RNA quantification using DBS can be considered in settings where there is a lack of access to sites or nearby laboratory facilities for nucleic acid test. A major concern is the suboptimal lower specificity of DBS due to the interference of HIV-DNA copies archived in infected cells with HIV-RNA copies. In the first study we determined the HIV-1 DNA level that interfered with the reliability of HIV-1 RNA quantification on DBS specimens used for therapeutic monitoring (1). False-positive HIV RNA detection (22/62, 35%) was associated with high HIV-1 DNA levels. Our results indicate that the specificity of HIV-1 RNA assays on DBS should be evaluated following manufacturer protocols on samples with HIV-1 DNA levels of ≥1,000 copies/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Beside infections frequently tested by nucleic acid tests there is an urgent need to scale up assay for neglected infection such leptospirosis. In the second study we explored leptospirosis by serological and molecular testing as a neglected cause of disease among patients with febrile icteric illness in Burkina Faso. The results showed for the first time that leptospirosis is an unsuspected cause of acute febrile illness in this semi-arid country.In the last part of the PhD, we developed a multiplex PCR assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and Herpes Simplex (HSV) meningitis among patients with suspected aseptic meningitis. This qPCR which allowed to test in a single run HSV 1/2 and M. tuberculosis was highly specific, sensitive and reproducible. The lowest DNA concentration giving 100% detection signal was estimated at 2.12 copies/µl for HSV1, 1.76 for HSV2 and 2.15 copies/µl for M. tuberculosis. Of the 202 CSF specimens included in this study, 5 (2.46%) were tested positive: 2 (0.99%) for HSV and 3 (1.47%) for M. tuberculosis. This assay may be especially useful in cases of meningitis/encephalitis with a low number of white blood cells count in the CSF.Our project stresses the importance of the implementation of news molecular methods to provide preliminary data about the burden of infectious diseases including leptospirosis, tuberculosis and HSV meningitis in Burkina Faso. DBS is an alternative specimen that facilitates access to nucleic acid tests but requires validation studies. Syndromic approach need to be tested and implemented in West Africa and should be based on local expertise and implementation of molecular methods in reference laboratories.

The thesis is focused on the analysis of feeding, comfort and social behavior in a herd of farmed eland (Taurotragus oryx) initiated by the presentation of browse to the tree stand. In 2008 and 2010 were obtained 15-hour video behavior gradually with three different adult males of elands at Czech University of Life Sciences farm at Lány. The aim of this work was to evaluate the accessibility of a limited food source (browse), the frequency of feeding behavior in relation to a rank in the herd, age and sex and find out if the stand can be also used as a enrichment to increase proportion of comfort behavior (scratching, grooming). Adult male in the herd has always been high ranking and no one attacked him, followed by females and juveniles. Access to a limited browse was influenced by the level of aggression of adult female towards the younger and lower ranking ones, these females attacked with the same frequency also the youngs. The dominant male attacked especially the dominant females. The length and frequency of all types of behavior were related to a sex of the individual, the rank and the presence of a calf. With higher rank individuals had longer access to a browse, display longer comfort behavior than lower ranking ones. We can conclude that both types of behavior performed more often males than females. Length and frequency of interactions with browse was supported during absence of calf in vicinity of stand.

abstract: Limited Local Memory (LLM) multicore architectures are promising powerefficient architectures will scalable memory hierarchy. In LLM multicores, each core can access only a small local memory. Accesses to a large shared global memory can only be made explicitly through Direct Memory Access (DMA) operations. Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful programming tool and is widely used for software development. STLs provide dynamic data structures, algorithms, and iterators for vector, deque (double-ended queue), list, map (red-black tree), etc. Since the size of the local memory is limited in the cores of the LLM architecture, and data transfer is not automatically supported by hardware cache or OS, the usage of current STL implementation on LLM multicores is limited. Specifically, there is a hard limitation on the amount of data they can handle. In this article, we propose and implement a framework which manages the STL container classes on the local memory of LLM multicore architecture. Our proposal removes the data size limitation of the STL, and therefore improves the programmability on LLM multicore architectures with little change to the original program. Our implementation results in only about 12%-17% increase in static library code size and reasonable runtime overheads. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2012

This thesis presents an investigation of reactive transport of species in porous media, with the aim to understand better and predict the fate of radionuclide in engineered and natural barriers of future deep geological disposal facilities for nuclear waste. The work involves developments of several pore-scale models for simulating reactive transport by coupling convective, adsorptive and diffusive processes. Pore network models (PNM) are amongst the appealing approaches that provide a suitable description for dealing with mutable pore space structures. Such models have been used to describe conservative as well as reactive transport in saturated and unsaturated porous media. In the present thesis, pore network models based on a regular tessellation of truncated octahedral cells are proposed and developed to simulate mass transport in porous media with incomplete pore space information due to limitation of existing characterisation techniques. Bentonite and Opalinus Clay are selected to illustrate the methodology. The micro- and meso-structure of these clays and their effects on the transport behaviour are investigated. The research shows that the clays are anisotropic and heterogeneous with fast diffusion parallel to the bedding plane and slow diffusion perpendicular to the bedding plane. In addition, different types of species have different accessible porosity and macroscopic diffusion coefficients. The anisotropy and heterogeneity of clays are achieved by different length scales and percentage of pores in different directions in the pore network models. The transport behaviour of various species, including sorption and anion exclusion, is simulated and analyzed. The effect of sorption is simulated via changing the pore radii by a coarse grained mathematical formula or by a formula directly in each pore. The results are in good agreement with experimentally measured macroscopic (bulk) diffusivities for the materials studied, including anisotropic diffusion coefficients. This lends strong support to the physical realism of the proposed models. The developed methodology can be used for any micro and meso-porous material with known distribution of pore sizes. It can be extended to other pore space changing mechanisms, in addition to sorption, to derive mechanism-based evolution laws for the transport parameters of porous media.

The strength model of self-control predicts that when people exert self-control, they should show performance decrements on subsequent self-control tasks. However, it is possible that this pattern of behaviour is confined to specific experimental procedures, which amplifies the effect. The aims of this thesis are to; 1) test the strength model predictions in sport; and 2) examine emotion as a mediator of self-control performance effects. Study 1 consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 set out to demonstrate a pattern of resource depletion. Forty-three sport and exercise students performed either an incongruent (self-control depletion) or congruent (control) Stroop task before and after performing a virtual reality cycling task on an indoor cycling ergometer. Findings showed the depletion group performed worse on the second Stroop task than on their first task or than the control group. Experiment 2 sought to address some of the methodological concerns in Experiment 1, and examine emotion as a factor explaining performance. Forty-eight physically active participants followed the same experimental protocol, but with an additional iteration of both tasks. Results demonstrated that both cycling and Stroop task performance improved across time. In addition, participants reported feeling happier and more motivated during the second cycling task. Study 2 provided a conceptual replication of Study 1, using different tests of self-control. Twenty-six university-level male soccer players either performed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) with (self-control depletion) or without (control) an audio file simulating crowd noise, and then performed the wall squat muscle endurance test. The self-control depletion group reported feeling more anxious during the LSPT and performed worse than the controls on the wall squat. III Next, in Study 3, nineteen well-trained competitive endurance runners performed a self-paced 1600 m running trial and then ran a second trial either self-paced or with a pacemaker. The pacemaker had no significant effect on actual performance time but participants reported feeling more anxious beforehand and adopted a fast start strategy, whereas the self-paced group had a conservative pacing pattern. Study 4 showed that, for females, consuming a sports drink—as opposed to plain water—associated with better physical (high-intensity track running) and cognitive self-control (Stroop) performance. In addition, they appeared to be happier drinking water, and more anxious drinking the sports drink—an effect that diverged over the six weeks. Study 5 examined the effects of three strategies—designed to increase or decrease the intensity of emotions—on emotion, pacing strategy and 1600 m performance. Results showed the intervention designed to decrease unpleasant emotions was associated with lower anxiety, higher calmness, a slower first 400 m, and more overall consistent pacing strategy. Study 6 examined the effects of imagery training on swimming tumble-turn performance. Findings showed no significant intervention effect, a result that goes against the proposed benefits of psychological skills training and runs counter to the predictions of the strength model. Collectively, the evidence in the thesis provides limited support for the strength model. It is concluded that self-control performance does not inevitably deteriorate across self-control tasks where the individual is well-versed with the task demands, or where tasks are not physically strenuous enough to tax mental resources. In contrast, the explanation for performance deterioration across a series of novel tasks is likely to extend beyond that of a self-control resources perspective. Future research might profitably test this proposal.