Taiwan has entered the aging era, after the post-war baby boomers, it is ready to enter the era of the old generation. In recent years, the official statistic has indicated that the proportions of ¡§parents living with their spouse¡¨ are decreasing. Does the statistic indicate that the acceptance of the old generations to live in the elderly residential or nursing home increased? To revaluate the problem, this study distinguished five kinds of living patterns for the old generations scaling with a quantitative life- style pattern, and distributes 392 valid questionnaires for Kaohsiung City's 40-year-old to 59-year-old middle-aged civil servants and teachers. Not only does the research shows the correlations between demographic variables and the preferences of residential patterns, but it also classifies civil servants and teachers of Kaohsiung into four categories¡G ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨, ¡§conservative family group¡¨, ¡§easy-going group¡¨ and ¡§active independent group¡¨ . The results showed the accepted level for the five kinds of residential patterns for the old generations have increased; the most favorite and the most likely living type are ¡§living alone or only living with one¡¦s spouse¡¨ and ¡§with children in the same neighborhood¡¨, ¡§elderly residential¡¨ and ¡§live with their children¡¨ are in the second place, and last is the ¡§nursing homes¡¨. And by the independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA and two variables correlation analysis showed that the preferences of five kinds of residential patterns have significantly related with the ¡§age¡¨, ¡§gender¡¨, ¡§educational level¡¨, ¡§total household monthly income¡¨ , etc. Besides, ¡§active independent group¡¨ is the most acceptable group to stay in elderly residential and nursing homes, but is unwilling to live in the same neighborhood. The ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨ like living with their children in the same neighborhood than ¡§active independent group¡¨ do, and it is more likely for the group to live in the same neighborhood than ¡§conservative family group¡¨ do. Finally, this study proposes some recommendations to the operators of the elderly residential and nursing homes, for instance, when the proportion, ¡§with their children in the same neighborhood¡¨ and ¡§living alone or living with their spouse¡¨, have increased for the middle-aged people, it means that the government should have more active and effective strategies in facing the care network of general residential and community. In addition to regard the ¡§active independent group¡¨ as a target market, it also needs to take other groups¡¦ need into account.

台灣已於1993年邁入高齡化社會，65歲以上老年人口增加趨勢日益明顯；伴隨著高齡化現象加劇，衍生許多層面之衝擊，如醫療、人力、經濟、消費型態等；為因應日漸增加高齡人口之居住需求，政府乃於2004年核定【促進民間參與老人住宅建設推動方案】，獎勵民間參與老人住宅之興建。過去雖有相關研究針對老人住宅進行探討，然在政策施行之初，是否上述方案所獎勵之居住型態符合高齡者之選擇？遂引起本研究之動機。 爰此，欲瞭解影響高齡者選擇不同居住型態之因素，本研究以高齡學理論及「個人－環境」理論做分析基礎，探討個人老化後與環境之互動影響，並歸結至影響高齡者選擇不同居住型態的因素。研究方法上，除利用問卷調查進行統計分析外，亦透過訪談方式補充無法量化之影響因素，包括傳統社會觀念下三代同堂與安土重遷之影響。研究結果中，除了可探究影響高齡者選擇不同居住型態的因素外，亦可分析此方案所獎勵之老人住宅是否會成為台灣高齡者之居住選擇型態，而研究結果亦回饋做成老人住宅政策上之修正建議。茲將本研究結果與建議臚列如下： 一、藉由多項式羅吉特模型分析社經人口變數對居住型態之影響，發現現況居住老人集合式住宅的高齡者，具有教育程度為高中（職）以上、年齡為六十五歲以上且所得為三萬元以上的顯著特性。 二、在社會變遷下，傳統觀念的影響有減輕的現象，高齡者在面對居住型態選擇時，有更開放多元的思考，而未來的高齡者相較於過去世代將更健康、更富有、有更高的教育程度、要求更好的生活品質，因此台灣老人集合式住宅型態在未來將具有市場性。而且高齡者也將隨著年齡增加、自我照顧需求增加、傳統觀念影響式微、少子化顯著影響下，逐漸地選擇此種居住型態。 三、未來的社會對於老人集合式住宅仍有其開發上之需求；此外，亦需藉由政府之力量，規範新建房屋無障礙空間設計，以符合高齡者對政策之期望。 四、經本研究之調查與分析，提出老人住宅政策上之建議。在【促進民間參與老人住宅建設推動方案】上之建議為：1.住宅提供方式應兼顧市場效率與社會正義；2.提供高齡者老人住宅租金補貼3.提昇老人住宅規劃設計品質。而針對整體性的住宅政策建議為：1.加強原有住宅設施之修繕更新；2.整體都市環境之規劃反省；3.藉由社區支持力量提昇高齡者居住品質。 / As the proportion of the senior population has increased significantly in Taiwan, the need of seniors for housing is drawing much attention. The government promotes “Project of Promoting Non-Government Participation in Senior Citizen’s Housing Development” in order to increase the quantitative of seniors` houses. Although there have been a lot of literature about elderly housing in the past, this research intends to understand if the living pattern answer to the senior need. Therefore, this research based on Gerontology and Person-environment Theory explores the influencing factors of seniors to choose different living pattern. In order to analyze the influencing factors, including the culture of filial piety, this research use not only surveying method but interviewing method. Within the conclusion, this research provides suggestions for elderly housing policy as a reference for the government. 1.This research uses multi-nominal logistic regression model to analysis the surveying data. The empirical results shows, the senior who live in the elderly housing have some obvious characteristic, including above 65 years, with high education and have a high income. 2.In the changing society, the traditional values relieve the senior effects. In the future, when the senior decide what kind of living pattern they need, they will have a more openly attitude. Therefore, by the trend of the changing society, the traditional values effects ease, and the need of taking care by myself, the pattern of elderly housing will be accepted slowing in the future. 3.There will be a need for elderly housing development in the future. In order to answer to the senior expects, it still needs government power to establish laws for disability-free space. 4.In sum, this research provides several suggestions. For the “Project of Promoting Non-Government Participation in Senior Citizen’s Housing Development”, including emphasize the justice and equity to increase elderly housing, provide rent subsidy and enhance quality of living. For the elderly housing policy, including renew for original housing, introspection for planning and use the community power well.