The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of the retirees or future retirees group who currently reside in the urban areas to migrate in-island Taiwan. Utilizing Andersen¡¦s ¡§Behavior Model of Health Service Utilization¡¨ as structure, this research aims to explore the factors influencing moving intention and the accompanying geographic attribute selection in order to understand the feasibility of the development of the retiree inland migrant group. On April, 2012, using purposive and snowball sampling, this research carried out a questionnaire targeting retirees or future retirees aged between 50 to 70 years old in five cities: Taipei City, New Taipei City, pre-county-city consolidated cities of Taichung City (including Fengyuan City), Tainan City and Kaoshiung City (including Fongshan City). A total of 1,110 questionnaires were given out, 722 retrieved, 691 were valid with an effective rate of 62.82%. The results of this study show a fairly low 23.20% moving intention of retirees or future retirees from the urban areas. As to geographic attribute selection, the majority show an inclination to choosing to live in the urban outskirts (45.90%) and the urban areas (32.40%). According to the Chi-square analysis, components influencing moving intention and geographic attribute selection include: the predisposing components of gender, current residency, place of residency before 15 years old, number of children and lifestyle; the enabling components of average monthly disposable income, living pattern, residential burden status and the need component of regional characteristic demand have a significant difference with moving intention. Furthermore, the predisposing components of level of education and lifestyle, the enabling component of average monthly disposable income and the need components which include one of the activities planning of refresher¡¦s course participation and regional characteristic demand have a significant difference with geographic attribute selection. Additionally, the majority among those with a moving intention are inclined to choose to live in rural areas. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that current residents in urban areas will tend to migrate to rural environments rather than other urban areas or outskirts after retiring. According to the above analysis, recommendation is given to areas where retirees have migrated in order to better understand the retirees or future retirees group and the development of the local industry in Taiwan.

ABSTRACT As the life expectancy in Taiwan has gradually increased, and more and more people retire at a young age, even below 50, the duration of retired life for Taiwanese may be prolonged to nearly 30 years. Most of the retirees are in very good health conditions and full of energy during the first 25 years or even longer. Hence, an early plan for arrangements for the 25-year retired life is indeed essential to creating a cozy, healthy living environment, allowing one to live happily after retirement while having a place for leisure activities. Finding an excellent environment for a resort for leisure and health purposes for retirees is thus an important tip. In recent years, the area of fallow and abandoned farms has rapidly increased, as a result of cheap produce since Taiwan joined WTO. The government has thus encouraged the use of idle farms in the leisure industry, as it may not only stimulate development of rural villages, but also facilitate the emergence of resorts for leisure and health purposes due to the excellent environment in rural villages. Consequently, many farm resorts for leisure and health purposes run by retirees sprouted. The purpose of this study is to figure out the development trend of farm resorts for leisure and health purposes, and to gain a further understanding of the key decision factors for retirees in selecting a farm resort for leisure and health purposes. ¡@¡@In this study, three individual health and culture villages established by Best Future, Gobo Service, and Formosa Plastics Group, are selected to perform an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis of five possible key decision factors in selecting farm resorts for leisure and health purposes, such as prices, health care, geographic environment, hardware facilities, and leisure activities, in order to understand the factors that retirees have taken into consideration when choosing a favorable farm resort for leisure and health purposes. Interviewees comprise the following: 3 personnel from the industry, including Mr. Bai, Yao-Ren, President of Baofa Retirement Village, Mr. Chu, Tai-An, Director of Gobo Sheng-en Leisure and Health Club House, and Mr. Song, Ru-Kuei, responsible person of He-nong Health & Life Accommodation; 3 personnel from government agencies, including Mr. Su, Jhong-Yuan, Deputy Director-general of the Tourism and Traffic Bureau of Kaohsiung County Government, Mr. Yang, Siao-Jhih, Chief of the Agriculture Section of Meinong Township Office, and Ms. Jhang, Ting-Siou from the Social Affairs Bureau of Kaohsiung City Government; 3 scholars from the academia, including Dr. Chen, Wei-Ren, Chairman of the Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management of Shu-Te University, Dr. Hsieh, Ching-Hsiang, Ex-Chairman of the Department of Plant Industry of National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, and Dr. Luo, Rong-Heng, Chairman of the Department of Finance of Nan Kai University of Technology; and 3 customers living in each of the three health and culture villages established by Best Future, Gobo Service, and Formosa Plastics Group, a total of 18 participants from 4 different categories. In-depth interviews are then conducted with all of the interviewees to collect qualified and quantified data from AHP questionnaires for further analysis, in order to better understand the key decision factors in selecting farm resorts for leisure and health purposes. Through simultaneous collection and analysis of qualified and quantified data from AHP questionnaires, five key decision factors highly regarded by the government agencies, scholars, business owners, and customers in terms of health and culture villages are gained. The hierarchy of these five key decision factors, such as prices, health care, geographic environment, hardware facilities, and leisure activities, determined by their respective relative weights, is as follows: geographic environment (0.287) > hardware facilities (0.286) > prices (0.218) > health care (0.186) > leisure activities (0.176). The key decision factors in these three health and culture villages established by Best Future, Gobo Service, and Formosa Plastics Group with top five average weights are: 1. hardware facilities in Chang Gung Health and Culture Village (0.105); 2. geographic environment in Gobo Sheng-en Leisure and Health Club House (0.095); 3. geographic environment in Chang Gung Health and Culture Village (0.092); 4. hardware facilities in Gobo Sheng-en Leisure and Health Club House (0.090); and 5. geographic environment in Baofa Retirement Village (0.087). The above results roughly correspond to the results obtained through AHP analysis of qualified and quantified data. Key words: Leisure industry, Retiree, Farm resort, Analytic Hierarchy Process

Taiwan has entered the aging era, after the post-war baby boomers, it is ready to enter the era of the old generation. In recent years, the official statistic has indicated that the proportions of ¡§parents living with their spouse¡¨ are decreasing. Does the statistic indicate that the acceptance of the old generations to live in the elderly residential or nursing home increased? To revaluate the problem, this study distinguished five kinds of living patterns for the old generations scaling with a quantitative life- style pattern, and distributes 392 valid questionnaires for Kaohsiung City's 40-year-old to 59-year-old middle-aged civil servants and teachers. Not only does the research shows the correlations between demographic variables and the preferences of residential patterns, but it also classifies civil servants and teachers of Kaohsiung into four categories¡G ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨, ¡§conservative family group¡¨, ¡§easy-going group¡¨ and ¡§active independent group¡¨ . The results showed the accepted level for the five kinds of residential patterns for the old generations have increased; the most favorite and the most likely living type are ¡§living alone or only living with one¡¦s spouse¡¨ and ¡§with children in the same neighborhood¡¨, ¡§elderly residential¡¨ and ¡§live with their children¡¨ are in the second place, and last is the ¡§nursing homes¡¨. And by the independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA and two variables correlation analysis showed that the preferences of five kinds of residential patterns have significantly related with the ¡§age¡¨, ¡§gender¡¨, ¡§educational level¡¨, ¡§total household monthly income¡¨ , etc. Besides, ¡§active independent group¡¨ is the most acceptable group to stay in elderly residential and nursing homes, but is unwilling to live in the same neighborhood. The ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨ like living with their children in the same neighborhood than ¡§active independent group¡¨ do, and it is more likely for the group to live in the same neighborhood than ¡§conservative family group¡¨ do. Finally, this study proposes some recommendations to the operators of the elderly residential and nursing homes, for instance, when the proportion, ¡§with their children in the same neighborhood¡¨ and ¡§living alone or living with their spouse¡¨, have increased for the middle-aged people, it means that the government should have more active and effective strategies in facing the care network of general residential and community. In addition to regard the ¡§active independent group¡¨ as a target market, it also needs to take other groups¡¦ need into account.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Cassia Ribeiro Chrisostomo.pdf: 728987 bytes, checksum: 3792f382b0778912ac84ae2fa2b1a227 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to know and understand the meaning of philosophies, expectations and needs of retirees, with the continuity or interruption of work when they retire. In our society, the work is the privileged place of social references. Each person invests more or less in their professional role according to their needs, their motivations and aspirations. Order to further investigate this phenomenon, we conducted a survey where nine respondents were retired from the AAPS, men or women, socio-economic strata of middle and high population, and two retirees with a high school degree and seven retirees with higher education. Of these nine, three stopped working after retirement, three stopped and returned and three remained professionally active. The methodology used was based on qualitative research design of collective case study. By analyzing the content of the interviews, were constructed categories relate to the subject and discuss the data found. Results showed that both groups of retirees who remained professionally active have a more optimistic view of aging by giving them positive aspects such as stage of peace, maturity, and expectations about the future. The group of pensioners who stopped working, had a melancholy view of old age, when one lives past experiences, without any link with the future. Despite the aging s most positive view has been attributed by the groups who remained professionally active, the main reason for the continuation of the work or the resumption of this was not financial, nor has the bonus of the work itself, but the difficulty in staying in their homes. Only one of the interviewees, a man of the group member who continued working, reported that the reason he did continue was that he loves what he does and because of financial aid from it. Another retiree, also male and belonging to this group, mentioned the financial factor, but it was noticed in his narrative a certain dissatisfaction with his job, which is a way to occupy him and not to enrich him professional or personally. One of the most relevant results was that four retirees assigned to work was the only reason for their lives, and there was no motivation to stop working, revealing the failure to develop a close relationship with their families. This finding brings into discussion the importance of human relations inside and outside the family. Loneliness is a major threat to the retirees. They must be accepted and valued. Therefore, it is important to highlight the significance of their presence within the family, for everything that they lived for and the activities that they could do. So it is in the family that retiree can look for resources to be able to live their new journey, this stage of confrontation of dreams, loss and new reality, more emotional and creative, but it is necessary to have the family around at all moments of life / Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer e compreender o significado de concepção de vida, expectativas e necessidades dos aposentados, com a continuidade ou interrupção do trabalho ao se aposentarem. Em nossa sociedade, o trabalho é o lugar privilegiado das referências sociais. Cada pessoa investe mais ou menos em seu papel profissional segundo suas necessidades, suas motivações e suas aspirações. Buscando investigar este fenômeno, foi realizada uma pesquisa, onde foram entrevistados nove aposentados da AAPS-Associação dos Aposentados e Pensionistas da Sabesp, homens ou mulheres, de camadas sócio-econômicas médias e altas da população, sendo dois aposentados com nível médio de escolaridade e sete aposentados com nível superior. Destes nove, três pararam de trabalhar após a aposentadoria, três pararam e retornaram e três continuaram profissionalmente ativos. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo. Através da análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foram construídas categorias para relacionar o tema e sistematizar os dados encontrados. O conhecimento gerado demonstrou que os dois grupos de aposentados que continuaram profissionalmente ativos possuem uma visão mais otimista da velhice atribuindo-lhe aspectos positivos como: fase de tranqüilidade, maturidade, e com expectativas quanto ao futuro. O grupo dos aposentados, que parou de trabalhar, apresentou uma visão melancólica da velhice, época que se vive de experiências passadas, sem qualquer elo com o futuro. Apesar da visão mais positiva da velhice ter sido atribuída pelos grupos que continuaram profissionalmente ativos, o principal motivo para a continuação do trabalho ou pela retomada deste, não foi o financeiro e nem tão pouco a gratificação do trabalho em si, mas a dificuldade em permanecer em suas casas. Apenas um dos entrevistados integrante do grupo dos que continuaram trabalhando, relatou que o motivo que o fez continuar foi o fato de gostar do que faz e devido à ajuda financeira proveniente deste. Um outro aposentado, pertencente também a este grupo, citou o fator financeiro, mas percebeu-se em sua narrativa um certo descontentamento em relação ao seu trabalho, e este como um meio de ocupá-lo e não de enriquecê-lo profissional ou pessoalmente. Um dos resultados mais relevantes foi que quatro aposentados atribuíram ao trabalho a única razão de ser em suas vidas, e para eles não havia motivação alguma para não trabalhar, revelando o não desenvolvimento de um relacionamento próximo com suas famílias. Este dado traz a discussão, a relevância das relações humanas fora e dentro da família. A solidão é uma grande ameaça para o aposentado. É preciso que ele seja acolhido e valorizado. Para tanto, é importante valorizar o significado de sua presença, pelo testemunho de vida realizadora que apresentou, por tudo que viveu, pela família que criou e pelas atividades que poderá vir a desempenhar. Portanto é na família que as pessoas podem buscar recursos para poderem viver esta nova jornada, esta etapa de confronto de sonhos, perdas e nova realidade, de forma mais afetiva e criativa, mas para isto é necessário que se esteja junto dela em todos os momentos da vida

Denna uppsats handlar om dramapedagogik med personer inom äldreomsorgen. Syftet med arbetet är att ta reda på vilka känslor som upplevs och ges uttryck för när personer inom äldreomsorgen får arbeta med drama. Frågeställningarna har varit följande: Vilka känslor konkretiseras i mötet med drama? Hur kan drama uppmuntra deltagarna att våga uttrycka sina känslor? Hur påverkar deltagarna varandra när de arbetar med olika dramaövningar? Vilka upplevelser och tankar tar deltagarna med sig efter fem dramaträffar? / This paper is about drama with people in the elderly care. The purpose of this study is to see what feelings/emotions these persons experience and express when they encounter drama. The research questions are the following: What emotions are made concrete when encountering drama? How can drama encourage the participants to be able to express their feelings? How do the participants affect one another when working with different drama tasks? What experiences and thoughts do the participants take with them after five drama events.

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The study of electoral defence and its stated advantages are an integral part of American political science. Post-war, much academic literature has emerged in an attempt to identify and explain rising re-election rates of congressional incumbents and the political consequences of such a phenomenon (Mayhew 1974; Fiorina 1977; Cain, Ferejohn & Fiorina 1987; Gelman & King 1990; King 1991). Conversely, the study of political incumbency in Britain can be attributed to a handful of scholars who tend to consider the repercussions at parliamentary level (Williams 1967, King 1981, Cain, Ferejohn and Fiorina 1984, Norton 1990 & 1994, Norris, Valance & Lovenduski 1992). Consequently, incumbency advantage at the local level remains a relatively under-researched topic in England, confined to the sub-chapters of Rallings & Thrasher (1997). The aim of this thesis is to research and present evidence in support of incumbency effects in English local elections and the extent to which they influence their outcome, in that, incumbent candidates fare better than less experienced candidates, to different degrees across the three major parties. It will do so using survey and electoral data collected by The Elections Centre at Plymouth University, drawing on established methods from the literature and demonstrating via a variety of data and methods, that incumbency advantage is indeed a real phenomenon effecting the outcomes of local elections in England. The research provides substantial evidence for Sophomore Surge and Retirement Slump effects throughout the period examined (1974-2010). These methods of estimation feature alongside a number of others, which are constructed to uncover the significance of defending, rather than challenging for a council seat. A number of influences on the advantage that defending councillors maintain are also presented, including district magnitude, ward size and rural/urban classification. Results reveal a modest advantage for Conservative and Labour incumbent candidates, whilst the effects are shown to be stronger for the Liberal Democrats, a finding that is in step with the existing literature on electoral trends and the local campaign strategy of the party (Dorling et al, 1998; McAllister et al, 2002; Russell & Fieldhouse, 2005; Cutts 2006).