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The purpose of this work is to measure the influence of the Dialogues of Lahontan (1702--3) on contemporary thought relative to the myth of the Noble Savage. The text is divided into two parts: (1) Lahontan and the idea of the "noble savage" at the beginning of the 18th century in which we deal with the life of Lahontan, the historical and cultural background in New-France and in Europe at the turn of the 18th century, the Indian tribes of Northeastern America, and finally the Dialogues of Mr le Baron de Lahontan et d'un Sauvage, which consist in a comparison between two ways of life: the "civilized" i.e., European and the "savage" i.e., Amerindian. (2) The idea of the "noble savage" in the XXth century: a study of four representative authors. This part is divided in four chapters relative to the authors chosen. In chronological order: Charles Eastman who published his works at the beginning of the century, Sun Bear in the 70s, Georges Sioui and Jean Pictet after 1970. Each author's ideas are compared with those of Lahontan and, where it applies, with those of the other authors. / The conclusion underlines the fact that the ideas expressed in the four contemporary texts, having of course characteristics marking them as belonging to their specific historical milieu, borrow much from Lahontan and finally go back to a trend of thought that originated in Antiquity.

Atualmente a popularidade da Web incentiva o desenvolvimento de sistemas hipermídia dedicados ao ensino a distância. Não obstante a maior parte destes sistemas usa os mesmos recursos do ensino tradicional, apresentado o conteúdo como páginas HTML estáticas, não fazendo uso das novas tecnologias que a Web oferece. Um desafío atual é desenvolver sistemas educativos que adaptem seu conteúdo ao estilo de aprendizagem, contexto e nível de conhecimento de cada aluno. Outro assunto de pesquisa é a capacidade de interoperar na Web reutilizando objetos de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque que trata esses dois assuntos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. O trabalho aqui apresentado modela o conhecimento do conteúdo educativo e do perfil do aluno pelo uso de ontologias cujo vocabulário é um refinamento de vocabulários padrões existentes na Web como pontos de referência para apoiar a interoperabilidade semântica. As ontologias permitem a representação numa linguagem formal dos metadados relativos a objetos de ensino simples e das regras que definem suas possíveis formas de agrupamento para desenvolver objetos mais complexos. Estes objetos mais complexos podem ser projetados para se adequar ao perfil de cada aluno por agentes inteligentes que usam a ontologia como origem de suas crenças. A reutilização de objetos de ensino entre diferentes aplicações é viabilizada pela construção de um perfil de aplicação do padrão IEEE LOM-Learning Object Metadata. / Nowadays, the popularity of the Web encourages the development of Hypermedia Systems dedicated to e-learning. Nevertheless, most of the available Web teaching systems apply the traditional paper-based learning resources presented as HTML pages making no use of the new capabilities provided by the Web. There is a challenge to develop educative systems that adapt the educative content to the style of learning, context and background of each student. Another research issue is the capacity to interoperate on the Web reusing learning objects. This work presents an approach to address these two issues by using the technologies of the Semantic Web. The approach presented here models the knowledge of the educative content and the learner’s profile with ontologies whose vocabularies are a refinement of those defined on standards situated on the Web as reference points to provide semantics. Ontologies enable the representation of metadata concerning simple learning objects and the rules that define the way that they can feasibly be assembled to configure more complex ones. These complex learning objects could be created dynamically according to the learners’ profile by intelligent agents that use the ontologies as the source of their beliefs. Interoperability issues were addressed by using an application profile of the IEEE LOM- Learning Object Metadata standard.

Atualmente a popularidade da Web incentiva o desenvolvimento de sistemas hipermídia dedicados ao ensino a distância. Não obstante a maior parte destes sistemas usa os mesmos recursos do ensino tradicional, apresentado o conteúdo como páginas HTML estáticas, não fazendo uso das novas tecnologias que a Web oferece. Um desafío atual é desenvolver sistemas educativos que adaptem seu conteúdo ao estilo de aprendizagem, contexto e nível de conhecimento de cada aluno. Outro assunto de pesquisa é a capacidade de interoperar na Web reutilizando objetos de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque que trata esses dois assuntos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. O trabalho aqui apresentado modela o conhecimento do conteúdo educativo e do perfil do aluno pelo uso de ontologias cujo vocabulário é um refinamento de vocabulários padrões existentes na Web como pontos de referência para apoiar a interoperabilidade semântica. As ontologias permitem a representação numa linguagem formal dos metadados relativos a objetos de ensino simples e das regras que definem suas possíveis formas de agrupamento para desenvolver objetos mais complexos. Estes objetos mais complexos podem ser projetados para se adequar ao perfil de cada aluno por agentes inteligentes que usam a ontologia como origem de suas crenças. A reutilização de objetos de ensino entre diferentes aplicações é viabilizada pela construção de um perfil de aplicação do padrão IEEE LOM-Learning Object Metadata. / Nowadays, the popularity of the Web encourages the development of Hypermedia Systems dedicated to e-learning. Nevertheless, most of the available Web teaching systems apply the traditional paper-based learning resources presented as HTML pages making no use of the new capabilities provided by the Web. There is a challenge to develop educative systems that adapt the educative content to the style of learning, context and background of each student. Another research issue is the capacity to interoperate on the Web reusing learning objects. This work presents an approach to address these two issues by using the technologies of the Semantic Web. The approach presented here models the knowledge of the educative content and the learner’s profile with ontologies whose vocabularies are a refinement of those defined on standards situated on the Web as reference points to provide semantics. Ontologies enable the representation of metadata concerning simple learning objects and the rules that define the way that they can feasibly be assembled to configure more complex ones. These complex learning objects could be created dynamically according to the learners’ profile by intelligent agents that use the ontologies as the source of their beliefs. Interoperability issues were addressed by using an application profile of the IEEE LOM- Learning Object Metadata standard.

Atualmente a popularidade da Web incentiva o desenvolvimento de sistemas hipermídia dedicados ao ensino a distância. Não obstante a maior parte destes sistemas usa os mesmos recursos do ensino tradicional, apresentado o conteúdo como páginas HTML estáticas, não fazendo uso das novas tecnologias que a Web oferece. Um desafío atual é desenvolver sistemas educativos que adaptem seu conteúdo ao estilo de aprendizagem, contexto e nível de conhecimento de cada aluno. Outro assunto de pesquisa é a capacidade de interoperar na Web reutilizando objetos de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque que trata esses dois assuntos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. O trabalho aqui apresentado modela o conhecimento do conteúdo educativo e do perfil do aluno pelo uso de ontologias cujo vocabulário é um refinamento de vocabulários padrões existentes na Web como pontos de referência para apoiar a interoperabilidade semântica. As ontologias permitem a representação numa linguagem formal dos metadados relativos a objetos de ensino simples e das regras que definem suas possíveis formas de agrupamento para desenvolver objetos mais complexos. Estes objetos mais complexos podem ser projetados para se adequar ao perfil de cada aluno por agentes inteligentes que usam a ontologia como origem de suas crenças. A reutilização de objetos de ensino entre diferentes aplicações é viabilizada pela construção de um perfil de aplicação do padrão IEEE LOM-Learning Object Metadata. / Nowadays, the popularity of the Web encourages the development of Hypermedia Systems dedicated to e-learning. Nevertheless, most of the available Web teaching systems apply the traditional paper-based learning resources presented as HTML pages making no use of the new capabilities provided by the Web. There is a challenge to develop educative systems that adapt the educative content to the style of learning, context and background of each student. Another research issue is the capacity to interoperate on the Web reusing learning objects. This work presents an approach to address these two issues by using the technologies of the Semantic Web. The approach presented here models the knowledge of the educative content and the learner’s profile with ontologies whose vocabularies are a refinement of those defined on standards situated on the Web as reference points to provide semantics. Ontologies enable the representation of metadata concerning simple learning objects and the rules that define the way that they can feasibly be assembled to configure more complex ones. These complex learning objects could be created dynamically according to the learners’ profile by intelligent agents that use the ontologies as the source of their beliefs. Interoperability issues were addressed by using an application profile of the IEEE LOM- Learning Object Metadata standard.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a system for measuring infrared spectra from local areas of samples. The theoretical part describes the electromagnetic waves and related phenomena. Furthermore, the semiconductor junction and solar cells are discussed. The following is a basic description of line spectrometers. In the practical part, a suitable arrangement of the whole system, collimator design, and especially the core of the whole work, ie control software and signal processing, are proposed.

Zařízení založená na spinových vlnách mají potenciál být využita ve výpočetní technice s nízkou spotřebou energie. Pro úspěšné využití je samozřejmě potřeba spojit více takových zařízení na jednom čipu, součástí čehož musí být zatáčení spinových vln zahnutými vlnovody. Problém zatáčení spinových vln v dipolárně výměnném režimu zatím nebyl uspokojivě vyřešen, vyzkoušené přístupy vedly ke ztrátě intenzity a fázové koherence. V této diplomové práci jsme zkoumali dva systémy, které by mohly být využity k zatáčení spinových vln. Prvním z nich jsou tenké metastabilní vrstvy slitiny železa a niklu. Paramagnetická metastabilní fcc vrstva, která byla epitaxně narostena na substrátu z mědi, může být transformována do stabilní ferromagnetické bcc fáze pomocí fokusovaného iontového svazku. Tato technika nám dává prostorovou kontrolu nad transformačním procesem a strategie skenování svazkem nám dokonce umožňuje určit směr mangetické anisotropie. Magnetické vlastnosti struktur vytvořených touto metodou a lom spinových vln mezi doménami s odlišným směrem magnetické anisotropie byly změřeny pomocí mikroskopie Brillouinova rozptylu světla. Druhým zkoumaným systémem jsou zvlněné vlnovody, jejichž zvlnění indukuje magnetickou anisotropii. Zvlnění magnetické vrstvy je vytvořeno depozicí nemagnetických vlnek na substrátu indukovanou fokusovaným elektronovým svazkem a následnou depozicí magnetického materiálu. Byly vyrobeny různé návrhy zatočených zvlněných vlnovodů a změřili jsme šíření spinových vln jejich zatáčkami pomocí mikroskopie Brillouinova rozptylu světla. Využili jsme také mikromagnetické simulace pro získání hlubšího porozumění zkoumané problematiky a pro hledání vhodných návrhů experimentů.

The Master’s thesis was conducted under the project FR-TI1/070 “Optimalization of heavy steel casting manufacture” in cooperation with ŽĎAS a. s. foundry. It evaluates rate of conchoidal fracture in samples extracted from experimental castings. The testing bar for the static tensile test were extracted from thermal axis of casting. The research part describes ways of deoxidating the liquid metal and usage of separate deoxidating chemical parts, followed by summary of research knowledge on conchoidal fractures. In the practical part, the process of sample evaluation is described. The conchoidal fracture, the surface of which was evaluated on the fracture surfaces, influences mechanical qualities of cast steel. Simultaneously, impacts of metallurgical factors on rate of conchoidal fracture were examined

This project was ordered by Sandvik Materials Technology and was performed by a group of students at Uppsala university. The purpose of the project was to study precipitation behavior and structure stability in six advanced heat resistant alloys. Each sample were subjected to a creep rupture test in 600 or 700°C depending on the alloy type. Two parts of each alloy where examined; one part which had been affected by creep and another part which was unaffected by creep. A literature study was performed first to gain knowledge of the scientific theory utilized in this project, namely creep, precipitation hardening, and about the different materials which were analyzed. Preliminary results for the phase composition of the materials were obtained from a Thermo-Calc (TC) simulation. The SEM-images showed nothing noteworthy for any sample due to the roughness of the sample surfaces. The EDS-analysis showed chromium depletion in the centers of the aged samples of HT9 and Sanicro® 75X. Other minority phases such as Cr23C6 in Sanicro®70, P-phase and a titanium nitride phase in sanicro® 60X, VB in Esshete 1250 and Sigma-phase in 4C54 were identified using EDSmapping. It was found that when using XRD to analyze the phase compositions of small samples it is impractical to have the samples cast in bakelite beforehand. The XRD-results obtained in this project showed that more than 90% of the XRD diffractogram for every sample was graphite, which made the identification of minority phases impossible. The quality of the LOM-images varied greatly between samples, for 4C54 grain sizes were measured in all images, for Esshete 1250 grain sizes were measured for the crept sample, and for Sanicro® 60X measurements could only be taken from one image. Most of the sample preparation was insufficient to achieve the test results necessary for complete microstructural analysis and phase analysis of the samples. The mistakes in the practical steps of the project were noted and improvements for these mistakes are presented in the conclusion.

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