Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references.

Three contemporary authors – Suzan-Lori Parks, Natasha Trethewey, and Colson Whitehead – within the African American Literary Tradition explore relationships to history in light of a dominant rhetoric that represents African American history through a white, hegemonic lens. In Parks’ The America Play, Trethewey’s Bellocq’s Ophelia, and Whitehead’s The Intuitionist, these authors comment on historical representation through such symbols as iconic figures like Abraham Lincoln, photographs, and elevators as starting points to explore the possibility of an independent space for African American history. Rather than remarking on just the representation of the artifact, however, the authors enter a conversation on how history is remembered and experienced. Parks, Trethewey, and Whitehead each form their own expression on historical representation; in each case, their works address the ability, or inability, to achieve historical intimacy amidst a push back from hegemonic narratives in the public eye. Historical intimacy, as the leading concept of the dissertation, refers to developing a close proximity to history not as a mere representation but as lived experience. Parks sees historical insight developing only through brief moments of intimate contact, if at all. Trethewey imagines personal, even sensual, familiarity with the subjects of her poems as a way of breaking through social frames and learning to connect with the past. Whitehead works through paradoxes to dissolve representational patterns of discourse, like verticality, and reach for a post-rational space wherein both open historical possibility, which stresses self-reflexivity, and a foundation in a “real,” experienced history unlock the opportunity for the construction of an intimate history. Although no author presents historical intimacy as an achieved goal, their works suggest varying degrees of potential and connection.

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OLINDA, Sahmaroni Rodrigues de. Literaturas subterrâneas e formação-artista: biografização, escrita e experiência. 2016. 194f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-07T12:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_srolinda.pdf: 1863104 bytes, checksum: 49e9d522541ae75e7cf14b489c36f4d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-07T14:45:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_srolinda.pdf: 1863104 bytes, checksum: 49e9d522541ae75e7cf14b489c36f4d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T14:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_srolinda.pdf: 1863104 bytes, checksum: 49e9d522541ae75e7cf14b489c36f4d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Reading – as a braconnage – of the biographical process of the experience of the agents self-called writers, “sons of a sheet”, this study aims at comprehending, from the self-figuring along the biographical narrations about the way some social agents, who do not “depend” on editorial market – the “market order of the books” – to make their artistical-literary works come out become writers (process of subjectivity, immersion of existential territories). The objective is to enlighten a huge production of some subterranean literature which bathe and drop in pubs, streets, cafes, culture points, among other zones of meeting and sharing. Our theoretical support is upon the following postulates and authors: Roger Chartier (2003, 2005, 2009) and the studies about reading as a culture practice; Michel de Certeau and the microbial practices of the invention of the ordinary life; Jorge Larossa (1998, 2002, 2004) and the relation between formation and experience; Jacques Rancière (1987, 1995, 2000) and his conceptions about the sharing of the sensitive and his method of equality, Guatari (2011, 2012) and Guatari & Deleuze (1990, 2011) and their conception about subjectivity. As a methodological perspective, we made use of the Biographical Research on Education (DELORY-MOMBERGER, 2015). We also made use of the narrative interview and the journals of the researcher and the researched as “techniques” of producing data. We produced a way of reading the data which respected the singularities of the per-courses and the territories studied. The study made evident a huge production and circulation of literary printed-objects (fanzines, hand-made books, loose sheets etc.) and the difficulty of separation between screen/page as a way to promote the literary writing as well as the ways of being, making and acting of the interviewed writers – their artist-formation – to become “sons of a sheet”. / Leitura – como braconnage – da biografização da experiência de agentes que se dizem escritores, filhos da pauta, este estudo objetiva compreender, a partir da figuração de si nos relatos biográficos sobre como agentes sociais que não “dependem” do mercado editorial – a “ordem mercadológica dos livros” – para fazerem circular seus trabalhos artístico-literários formam-se “escritores/as” (processo de subjetivação, imersão de territórios existenciais). Trata-se de evidenciar uma caudalosa produção de literaturas subterrâneas que banham e escorrem em bares, ruas, bosques, centros culturais, dentre outras zonas de encontro e partilha. Para tanto, contou com o apoio teórico de Roger Chartier (2003, 2005, 2009) e os estudos sobre a leitura como prática cultural, Michel de Certeau (1990) e as práticas microbianas de invenção do cotidiano, Jorge Larossa (1998, 2002, 2004) e a relação entre formação e experiência, Jacques Rancière (1987, 1995, 2000) e suas concepções de partilha do sensível e método da igualdade, Guattari (2011, 2012) e Guattari & Deleuze (1990, 2011) e sua concepção sobre subjetivação. Como perspectiva metodológica, foi utilizada a Pesquisa Biográfica em Educação (DELORY-MOMBERGER, 2015). Foram utilizadas a entrevista narrativa, o diário de campo e o diário de participante como “técnicas” de produção de dados. Produzimos então uma forma de ler os dados que respeitasse as singularidades dos percursos e territórios estudados. O estudo evidenciou uma proliferação de produção e circulação de objetos-impressos literários (zines, livros feitos à mão, folhas avulsas etc) e a dificuldade de separação entre tela/página como modo de divulgação de escritos literários por parte dos artistas da palavra entrevistados, como também seus modos de fazer, ser e agir – sua formação-artista – para se tornarem filhos da pauta.

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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka olika religiösa inriktningar som finns bland sverigefinländare idag och vilken religiös bakgrund de har. Ett annat syfte har varit att ta reda på om religionen spelar en primär eller en sekundär roll för identiteten jämfört med kultur och språk hos sverigefinländare, och om det finns skillnader i den religiösa identiteten hos första, andra och tredje generationens sverigefinländare, samt hur dessa förmodade skillnader kan förklaras. En annan målsättning med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur religiositet uttrycks hos första, andra och tredje generationens sverigefinländare genom religiös praktik. Det teoretiska ramverket består av Nancy T. Ammermans and Lori Peeks teorier om religiös identitet and Thomas Hylland Eriksens and Fredrik Barths teorier om gränsdragningsprocesser. Denna studie visar att det finns en stor mångfald vad gäller religiösa inriktningar bland sverigefinländarna och att även deras religiösa bakgrund skiftar. Resultatet av denna studie visar att religiös tro tycks vara viktigare för identiteten för första generationens sverigefinländare jämfört med andra och tredje generationen. En av förklaringarna skulle kunna vara att sverigefinländare av andra och tredje generationen är mer assimilerade i det sekulära, svenska samhället och även att andra och tredje generationens invandrare har en mer otydlig identitet och att de i vissa fall kan bli etniska eller religiösa anomalier. Trots mångfalden vad gäller religiösa inriktningar, visar studien att det även finns likheter, i synnerhet bland första generationens sverigefinländare. Första generationen tycks vara mer konservativ vad gäller bibeltolkning och religiösa värderingar, exempelvis. Ett av skälen kan vara att finsktalande präster från Finland, som arbetar inom Svenska kyrkan, har en bakgrund inom väckelserörelsen, som har haft stark påverkan på Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland. Denna studie visar också att det finns ett levande och aktivt religiöst liv bland sverigefinländare idag, trots att assimilationstycket har varit stort. / The aim of this study has been to explore what kind of religious directions are to be found among Sweden Finlanders today and what religious background they have. Another aim has been to find out if religion has a primary or a secondary role for the identity compared to culture and language among Sweden Finlanders, and if there are differences in religious identity between the first, the second and the third generation and how these assumed differences can be explained. Another purpose with this study has been to explore how religiosity among Sweden Finlanders of the first, the second and the third generation is shown through religious practice. The theoretical framework consists of Nancy T. Ammerman’s and Lori Peek’s theories about religious identity and Thomas Hylland Eriksen’s and Fredrik Barth’s theories about boundary making processes. This study shows there is a great diversity in religious directions among Sweden Finlanders and their religious background is also shifting. According to the results of this study, religious faith seems to be more important for the identity for religious Sweden Finlanders of the first generation compared to the second and the third generation. One of the explanations could be that Sweden Finlanders of the second and the third generation are more assimilated in the secular, Swedish society and also because second and third generation immigrants’ identity is less clear and in some cases they become an ethnic or a religious anomaly. This study also shows that although there are differences between the religious directions, similarities also exists, especially between Sweden Finlanders of the first generation. The first generation seems to be more conservative when it comes to Bible interpretation and religious values, for example. One of the reasons might be that Finnish speaking priests from Finland, who work within Church of Sweden, have a background in the religious revival movements which has had a strong influence on the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. This study also shows there is a living and active religious life among Sweden Finlanders today, even though the pressure to assimilate has been strong.

As an Actor Combatant with the Society of American Fight Directors, theatrical violence is something that has always captivated me. When a female combat instructor once told me that even though I throw a great punch I will never be able to use it because women are always on the receiving end of violence in theatre, I wondered if this was truly the case. After a thorough exploration of several works with theatrical violence, I am glad to say that it is not the case. When most scholars examine violence in theatre, the focus is either male-centric or specifically on domestic violence situations involving a male abusing a female. I will examine theatrical violence through a new lens that has yet to be thoroughly critically explored: violence where the female is the aggressor. Through selected works of three American minority female playwrights: Suzan-Lori Parks' In the Blood, Maria Irene Fornes' Conduct of Life, and Young Jean Lee's Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven, I will analyze the female-enacted violence that occurs within these plays using feminist theories and psychology to examine how it happens, why it happens, who the victims are, and what these acts of violence say about minority American women in society today. I will explore the stage directions and dialogue surrounding the violence and analyzing the use or absence of weaponry, the breakdown or build-up of language prior to and after the violent action, and whether or not the violent action occurs before or after a violent action is committed against the female. For comparison, I will also analyze work by an American male playwright with violence in the same way: Tracy Letts' August: Osage County.