A cana-de-açúcar é um dos principais produtos agrícolas cultivados no Brasil. O País é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo, sendo que o Estado de São Paulo é responsável por 57,5 % da produção brasileira. Como em qualquer outra cultura, as condições atmosféricas constituem um dos principais fatores responsáveis pela quebra na produtividade. A fim de determinar as regiões paulistas mais susceptíveis a eventos de tempo prejudiciais ao cultivo canavieiro, principalmente com relação ao déficit hídrico, foram calculadas as probabilidades de ocorrência de períodos secos no Estado para o período de 1971-2003. Os resultados mostraram que as regiões centro-norte e centro-oeste paulistas são as que possuem condições pluviométricas mais adequadas às exigências hídricas da cana-de-açúcar, com estações seca e chuvosa mais bem definidas do que nas demais regiões. Foram encontradas seis regiões homogêneas dentro do Estado quanto ao regime de precipitação, sendo que quatro destas são áreas canavieiras. Para estas quatro regiões, foram determinadas as datas de início e fim da estação chuvosa, de modo a selecionar veranicos que ocorreram dentro da mesma e que possam ter prejudicado a produção de cana no Estado. Para esses períodos, foram construídos campos médios para diferentes variáveis meteorológicas, defasados no tempo em até 3 pêntadas. A comparação entre os campos médios obtidos e campos observados em sete episódios de veranicos mostra que o campo de divergência de massa é o mais indicado na previsão dos mesmos, com 70 a 100 % de semelhanças nas características meteorológicas identificadas. Por fim, análises foram feitas sobre a existência de mudanças no padrão de precipitação das regiões canavieiras paulistas. Foi possível concluir que a quantidade de chuva acumulada nos meses de DJF apresentou tendência de aumento no período 1937-2003, assim como o número de dias de chuva maior que 1 mm, indicando um aumento do número de eventos extremos de precipitação. A análise da tendência da estação chuvosa nas quatro regiões homogêneas de interesse mostrou antecipação (atraso) no início (fim) da época das chuvas no interior do Estado, ocasionando um prolongamento na duração da estação chuvosa. / Sugarcane is one of the major agricultural products grown in Brazil. The country is the largest sugarcane producer in the world, and São Paulo State accounts for 57,5 % of Brazilian production. As in any other culture, the weather conditions play an important role on production losses. In order to identify the most vulnerable State regions for sugarcane cultivation, especially with respect to hydric deficit, the probabilities of dry spells in the State were calculated for the 1971-2003 period. The results showed that the rainfall conditions on the northern central and midwestern regions of São Paulo are the ones that better fulfill sugarcane water requirements, with wet and dry seasons better defined in comparison with the other regions. Based on precipitation, six homogeneous regions were determined inside the State. Four of these regions are sugar-cane production areas. The onset and end of the rainy season in these four regions were investigated in order to select dry spells that might have hindered the production of sugarcane in the State. Lagged mean atmospheric fields based on these dry spells were constructed. Comparisons between mean and observed fields during seven different dry spells showed that the divergence field is the one that can be best used in the forecast of dry spells, with resemblance of 70 to 100 % on meteorological characteristics and its mean values. Finally, tests were made in order to investigate the existence of changes in precipitation patterns over the productive regions of São Paulo. Results led to the conclusion that the amount of precipitation accumulated during de DJF trimester tended to increase during the 1937-2003 period, as well as the number of days with rainfall greater than 1 mm, indicating that the extreme precipitation events has possibly also increased. The trend analysis of the rainy season in the four homogeneous regions of interest showed early (late) start (end) of the rainy season in the countryside, causing a more extended rainy season.

Name: Efficiency of training time in soccer players in category U11 Objective: The aim of the thesis is to find and evaluate the time utilization of football players in the U11 category in the training unit (active vs loss time). Second goal is to compare the values of active and loss time in the training unit in terms of the performance level of the watched clubs (professional vs. amateur club). Methods: Training units were filmed on our own camera. Then the filmed material was analyzed and evaluated. Results: We found no significant differences in efficiency of a training time during training sessions between teams from a professional and amateur clubs in category U11 (40% vs. 42%). No significant difference was also found in efficiency of the training time between two teams from professional clubs (46% vs. 37%). Finally, we did not reveal any significant differences between teams from professional and amateur clubs in an inactive time during training sessions, which was expressed as differences between the time when exercise runs and break (24% vs. 29%). Keywords: Football, active time, lost time, training, under eleven

The city of Pretoria can be likened to a blanket stretched thin, where previously urban programs shift to the expanding periphery leaving gaps in the city fabric. It is essential to investigate ways in which these urban “left overs” can be re-imagined within the contemporary context. This complex urban condition is investigated with the focus on conservation of abandoned buildings of heritage significance. In South Africa, state funding cannot be relied upon for conservation of individual buildings. Thus the conservation of leftover and abandoned heritage buildings should happen not through singular museum projects but through the everyday usefulness of the building. The role of art and the artist has long been linked to the reuse of buildings which have become difficult to inhabit in conventional ways. Thus the introduction of cultural programs to derelict heritage sites and “left over” spaces is pertinent to their reuse. One such site is the Capitol theatre in the Pretoria CBD. It is undoubtedly a place of cultural richness and expression, having been a place of daily gathering as well as formal entertainment throughout its history. It is a natural point in which to reintroduce culture into an extended public realm at the heart of the city. Originally a space of introverted and exclusive cultural expression, curated cultural artifacts (films and occasional shows) were displayed to a limited audience in a highly internalised experience. However, it is proposed that this condition be inverted through external display of the processes of cultural production on the exterior of the theatre. The intention is to broaden the sphere of cultural influence into the public realm of the city and simultaneously invite the existing communities to engage with the building. Thus the focus shifts from internal event space to external production space which becomes part of the public everyday experience. Reviving the Capitol The Capitol Theatre complex was never completed and no exterior facade was ever design for the auditorium. This creates the opportunity for a new inhabitable facade to be designed which fulfills the role of both a supportive and expressive element. The new element incorporates spaces where people and processes of cultural production are expressed externally while curated cultural artifacts and events remain housed in the auditorium. Ultimately the concept is one of support. The physical support of a failing structure being the starting point which necessitates an intervention; the functional support which allows the building to become useful again in a contemporary context with new cultural meaning; and the social support of the everyday rituals which make up the daily cultural experiences through the extension of the sphere of cultural influence of the Capitol Theatre. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This study analyses readings and interpretations of the satanic figure in John Milton´s epic Paradise Lost. The study highlights positions from the literature debate about Satan, the main character, and analyses interpretations of Milton´s Satan in order to investigate the critical positions about the relation between text and interpretation. The study has a meta-perspective and analyses the character of Satan in relation to the two main positions that have occupied the debate. The central question for this study is the role of the satanic figure in Paradise Lost. Have the critics read him as a tragic hero or is he being portrayed as the embodiment of evil? By reading which strategies have been used for interpretation by critics in order to come to conclusions about Satan, I have also shown what views exist concerning literary texts and character presentation. The result shows two clear traditions, satanists and anti-satanists, the former interpreting Satan as a positive character and the latter viewing him as a negative one. This study has shown that the debate concerning Satan has touched upon a wide spectrum of subjects where questions concerning authority, revolt and the closeness/distance to a text has been part of the interpretations. The satanic figure has at the same time shown to be an ambivalent 'round' character which makes simple interpretations of him more difficult.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the current state of production of ceramic shells in MESIT Foundry, a.s. and optimize it. The shells are evaluated in terms of their bending strength, gas permeability and microstructure. Subsequently, castings produced using the shells are evaluated with regard to number of non-conforming products and presence of defects. The final part seeks to compare different shells and outlines a possible new approach to the development of ceramic shells.

In my diploma thesis I elaborated a project for realization of the building. Its content is a home for the elderly, which is a three-storey building, where the first floor is designed as an operating section with a doctor's surgery, a medical equipment rental and a dining room with a kitchen. The remaining two above-ground floors are designed as 1 + KK or 1 + 1 flats. Each balcony is designed for each apartment. Further, there are nurses on these floors. The building is designed as brickwork made of brick blocks with additional mineral insulation thermal insulation, the roof structure being solved using pre-prestressed concrete reinforced concrete panels Spiroll. The roof is designed from flat sloping wedges.

Syfte: Det offentliga rummet består av ett flertal olika delar där gatan är en utav degrundläggande beståndsdelarna. En av de vitala aspekterna som avgör hur väl ettoffentligt rum är utformat är huruvida det uppfattas som levande eller förlorat. För attmänniskor ska vilja vistas i rummet behöver det vara något som lockar dem till platsen,något som gör den levande. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en bättre förståelse förvad som skapar en levande miljö i det offentliga rummet samt hur förlorade ytor kanreduceras. Ett designförslag för Trädgårdsgatan kommer att gestaltas som sedanutvärderas med både användare och en projektledare för stadsutveckling på JönköpingsStadsbyggnadskontor för att klargöra hur offentliga gågator kan bidra till en merlevande stadsmiljö. Metod: Enkäter, observationer, intervjuer, litteratur- och dokumentstudier har använtsför att besvara undersökningens mål och frågeställningar samt skapa en grund fördesignförslaget. Enkäter har skickats ut till brukare av Trädgårdsgatan för insamling avåsikter och utvärdering. Observationer har genomförts på Trädgårdsgatan för att skapaen helhetsbild av gatans positiva och negativa aspekter i nuläget. En intervju med enprojektledare för stadsutveckling på Jönköpings Stadsbyggnadskontor har gjorts för fåen inblick i hur de arbetar med levande miljöer i staden. Slutligen har även endokumentstudie utförts med syfte att lyfta relevanta teorier. Resultat: Svaren insamlade från enkäten gav en djupare förståelse och bekräftelse avvad brukarna av Trädgårdsgatan önskar förbättras. Vidare har intervjun medprojektledaren givit en tydlig inblick i deras arbetssätt samt ökat förståelsen för hurarbetet med den offentliga miljön går till i Jönköping. Litteraturstudien har utvecklatkunskapen om attraktiva ytor, problem som ofta uppstår samt vad som behövs för attreducera de förlorade ytorna i staden. Ett designprogram skapades sedan baserat påenkätsvaren och litteraturstudien. Designprogrammet låg till grund för detdesignförslag som skapades för att visualisera de framtagna förbättringspunkterna. Konsekvenser: Stadsbyggnadskontoret arbetar aktivt med utformningen av levandemiljöer och vid skapandet av nya ytor finns det tydliga styrdokument som kanunderlätta både arbetet och utvärderingen av resultatet. Dock finns det många krav attuppfylla vilket kan göra det svårt att hitta en optimal lösning. Det finns många faktorersom bidrar till en levande miljö i gaturummet men det är samspelet mellan dem sombestämmer hur gatan upplevs. Därmed krävs en tydlig plan och tydliga metoder för hurstaden ska se ut i framtiden för att projektet ska lyckas. Begränsningar: Studien är begränsad till endast gaturum och diskuterar därför inteplatser och portaler. Vidare fokuserar studien även på perspektivet levande och attraktivmiljö och utesluter andra perspektiv. Covid-19-pandemin har påverkat och begränsatvalet av metoder då intervjuer med människor på Trädgårdsgatan inte längre varmöjligt. Nyckelord: urban space, levande stadsmiljö, gågator, förlorade ytor / Purpose: The urban space consist of many different components and the street is oneof the most basic components. One of the most vital aspects that determine how wellan urban space is designed is based on if it is perceived as a living or dead. Public placesneed something that attracts people something that makes it come alive. The aim of thisstudy is to create a better understanding of what creates compelling environments in theurban space and how lost spaces can be reduced. A design proposal of Trädgårdsgatanin Jönköping will be established and evaluated together with the inhabitants ofJönköping and the city planning office to clarify how pedestrian streets can contributeto a livelier city environment. Method: Surveys, observations, interviews, and a literature study has been used toanswer the goals and questions of the study. These will at the same time provide focalpoints for the design proposal. The survey has been sent out to users of Trädgårdsgatanto gather their opinion and for further evaluation. The aim of the observations was tocreate an overview of the current positive and negative aspects of Trädgårdsgatan. Aninterview with a project manager from the city planning office was done do get an insideview of how they work when creating compelling environments in the city. Lastly adocument study has been conducted with the goal of highlighting relevant theories. Findings: The answers generated from the survey has given a deeper understandingand confirmation of what the users of Trädgårdsgatan want to be improved.Furthermore, the interview with the city planning office has given an insight in howthey work with the urban space in Jönköping. The literature study has widened theknowledge about attractive areas, problems that often occur as well as what is neededto reduce lost space in the city. A design program was then created based on the answersfrom the survey together with the findings from the literature study. The design programwas the basis for the design proposal that was created to visualize the proposedimprovements. Implications: The city planning office is working actively with the creation ofcompelling environments and when making new areas there are clear guidelines theyfollow. These guidelines can both help during the creating of new areas and theevaluation of those areas. These guidelines contain many requirements which can makeit hard to find an optimal solution. There are many factors that contribute to a dynamicenvironment in the street, but it is the interplay between them that decide how the spaceis perceived. Therefore, it is necessary to have a plan for how the city will be designedin the future for the project to succeed. Limitations: The study is limited to city streets and will therefore not examine portalsor places. Furthermore, will the study be based on the perspective of livelyenvironments and will therefore not use other perspectives such as political andeconomic. The Covid-19-pandemic has affected and restricted the choices of methodsused for research because it was not possible anymore to interview people on the street. Keywords: urban space, living city environments, pedestrian streets, lost space

The goal of this thesis is to examine a possible influence of the water soluble cores on the microstructure of commonly used aluminum alloys AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg in the lost wax technology. This thesis only deals with the changes of the eutecticum on the contact surface between the metal and the core and its surroundings where interactions can appear between the core based on the alkali salts NaCl and KCl and the alloy modified by sodium or strontium. The experimental part investigates the influence of the alkali salts on the modification additives and the modification of the structure itself.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of introducing Full Mold technology in specific conditions of production in foundry environment. The emphasis is placed on the least possible intervention with to established manufacturing process. The work also aims, through the comparison of the specific test castings, to map the weaknesses of this technology in the company and create possible optimization or complete removal of this weaknesses.

Beim fallenden Vollformguss mit Aluminiumlegierungen existiert wegen der vergleichsweise zu Gusseisen niedrigen Gießtemperatur, nahezu kein Gasspalt zwischen der Schmelze und dem Schaumstoffmodell. Durch die Variierung der Schmelzezufuhr konnten Vorteile des fallenden Vollformgießens gegenüber dem steigenden Vollformgießen verdeutlicht werden. Außer wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen erfordert das fallende Gießen deutlich geringere Formfüllzeiten, die sehr wichtig bei der Herstellung von Seriengussteilen sind. Eine Abhängigkeit der Porosität von der Schichtdicke der Schlichte wurde nachgewiesen. Bei der Versuchsreihe mit Entgasung, kombiniert mit dem Unterdruck, konnten sehr niedrige Porositätswerte erzielt werden. Die Argonspülung unmittelbar vor dem Gießen beeinflusst auch die Formfüllgeschwindigkeit positiv. Durch die mikroskopischen Untersuchungen konnten die Poren visualisiert und die zweidimensionalen Größen, wie Fläche, Durchmesser sowie minimale und maximale Querschnitte gemessen werden.