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Using psychoanalytic theory, one can see that the Gothic genre addresses fears to reveal the ever-tense dynamics between subject and object- the subject as the individual with agency and the object as that which the subject desires and which thus lacks agency. This tension between the subject and object exposes the subject's fears about the object specifically pertaining to female sexuality, desire, familial dynamics, and reproduction, and it is these fears that shape the subject's psyche. These fears are addressed in psychoanalysis on two levels: terror and horror. Terror is the fear of what one does not know, whereas horror coincides with the fear of that which one does know. This distinction itself addresses the two parts of the psyche: the unconscious and the conscious. Through the lens of psychoanalysis, we can see that the switch or overlap between these layers of the psyche, is experienced as the uncanny, where the repressed again becomes familiar. In Gothic texts, the return of the repressed occurs for the subject as it relates to the object of desire, and the trauma surrounding this relationship. Through the analysis of three different Gothic texts from three different time periods- Matthew Lewis's The Monk (1796), Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897), and David Lindelofs contemporary television series Lost (2004 )- I argue that these texts demonstrate the ways in which their cultures understood (and understand) subjectivity as constituted through fear of and desire for the object. From the eighteenth century to the twenty-first century, we can see a transition from a reaction to trauma to a need/or trauma in the texts.

Les téléséries ont connu un essor au début des années 2000. Lost, créée en 2004 par J.J. Abrams, Jefrey Lieber et Damon Lindelof, marque un tournant quant aux possibilités du format télévisuel. Avec une structure narrative complexe, dense et riche, la série présente des personnages brisés par leur passé qui se retrouvent sur une île semblant déserte après l’écrasement de l’avion dans lequel ils prenaient place. Leur destin et leur cheminement personnel respectif sont au cœur de l’intrigue. Dans un premier temps, nous apprenons que les personnages sont tous coupables d’un parricide, réel ou symbolique; un parricide qui leur causera une grande culpabilité et à laquelle ils doivent absolument remédier. La vie sur l’île leur offrira une deuxième chance afin de racheter leur geste. Ils seront amenés à vivre ensemble, à faire confiance aux membres de leur communauté, allant même jusqu’à se sacrifier pour eux et pour l’île, cet espace aux propriétés morphologiques uniques. Cette étude tente de montrer que le parcours de ces êtres humains (du parricide à la rédemption) n’aurait pu se faire ailleurs que sur l’île. La figure symbolique de l’île est en effet associée au renouveau grâce aux autres récits insulaires qui ont eu cours avant Lost. Par définition, la notion de figure est un aboutissant de la relation entre un film et l’imaginaire du spectateur à partir d’un élément qui obsède. Nous verrons comment se crée la figure de l’île à travers les thématiques suivantes : le parricide, la communauté, la foi, le sacrifice et la rédemption. Mots-clés : Lost, télésérie, parricide, communauté, foi, sacrifice, rédemption, figure de l’île. / The television series has boomed in the early 2000s. Lost, created in 2004 by JJ Abrams, Damon Lindelof and Jefrey Lieber offers a turning point of the possibilities of the television format. In a narrative complex, dense and rich structure, the series presents characters disturbed by their past who find themselves on a supposed deserted island after a plane crash. Their fate and their respective personal journey are the heart of the plot. First, we learn that the characters are all guilty of parricide, real or symbolic. A parricide that will cause them guilt that they absolutely have to wash away. Life on the island offers a second chance to be redeemed. They will have to live together, to trust their community, even up to sacrifice for them and for the island, this area with unique morphological properties. This study attempts to show that the journey of these people (parricide to redemption) could not be done elsewhere then on the island. The symbolic figure of the island is indeed associated to renewal through other island stories that took place before Lost. By definition, the figure concept is the result of the relationship between a film and the imagination of the spectator from an element that obsesses. We will see how this island figure is created through the following themes: patricide, community, faith, sacrifice and redemption. Keywords : Lost, series, parricide, community, faith, sacrifice, redemption, island figure.

Ce projet consiste en une étude comparative de trois traductions de Paradise Lost, l'oeuvre majeure de John Milton, effectuées à trois époques différentes. Le corpus est constitué d'éléments de corpus de la première traduction de Paradise Lost de Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, réalisée en 1729, de la « grande traduction » de Chateaubriand, écrite en 1836, de la version plus contemporaine d'Armand Himy, faite en 2001, et de l'oeuvre originale. L'objectif principal consiste à vérifier si les éléments de corpus contenant des éléments mythologiques et religieux des traductions sont équivalents aux éléments de corpus correspondants dans l'oeuvre originale. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé de façon quantitative l'équivalence et étudié les écarts sémantiques entre les traductions et l'original, dans le but de cerner les projets de traduction de leurs auteurs.

Submitted by PPG Comunica??o Social (famecos-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-24T10:42:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_ROSINATO_VALLES_TES.pdf: 4997803 bytes, checksum: 305c1c0d476913fdfc9c6514f3196432 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-07T18:51:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_ROSINATO_VALLES_TES.pdf: 4997803 bytes, checksum: 305c1c0d476913fdfc9c6514f3196432 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T19:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_ROSINATO_VALLES_TES.pdf: 4997803 bytes, checksum: 305c1c0d476913fdfc9c6514f3196432 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This thesis carries out a study of the diary in the work of Jonas Mekas, throughout three formats: the written diary, the diary-film and the video diary. The aim is to analyze how Mekas?s work contributes to an understanding of the diary as a narrative form, and how the author constructs his process of self-representation by means of the diaries. This work seeks to establish a definition for the diary, by means of theoretical references related to the spheres of literature (Braud, 2006; Simonet-Tenant, 2004; Girard, 1986; Lejeune, 2015; Blanchot, 2005) and of audiovisual work (James, 2013; Renov, 1996). As object of study, we analyze the book I had nowhere to go (1991), the diary-films Lost Lost Lost (1976), Walden ? Diaries, Sketches & Notes (1969), Reminiscences of a Journey to Lithuania (1972), and video diaries from the 365 Day Project (2007). This thesis takes weavings (Daney, 2007; Benjamin, 1994) and rends (Daney, 2007; Didi-Huberman, 2014, 2015) as its methodology, grounding itself on the way in which Mekas elaborates his narrative choices and his historical condition. We conclude that Mekas?s work points to an understanding of the diary not solely as literary genre, but as a narrative that affirms itself in a plurality of forms, following the shifts done by the author in his relation to time, space, and the use of different technical devices. We also conclude that Mekas, in his diaries, builds an intrinsic relation between narrating the lived and living the narrated, which reveals how the diaries not only document a certain socio-historical context, but are also themselves part of that context and of the subjectivity built by their author. / Esta tese realiza um estudo sobre o di?rio, que aparece na obra do cineasta Jonas Mekas em tr?s formatos: o di?rio escrito, o filme-di?rio e o v?deo-di?rio. O objetivo ? analisar como essa obra contribui para um entendimento sobre o di?rio enquanto forma narrativa e como o autor constr?i o seu processo de autorrepresenta??o por meio dos di?rios. Este trabalho procura construir uma defini??o de di?rio, a partir de referenciais te?ricos relacionados ao ?mbito liter?rio (Braud, 2006; Simonet-Tenant, 2004; Girard, 1986; Lejeune, 2015; Blanchot, 2005) e audiovisual (James, 2013; Renov, 1996). Como objetos de estudo, s?o analisados o livro I had nowhere to go (1991), os filmes-di?rio Lost Lost Lost (1976), Walden ? Diaries, Sketches & Notes (1969), Reminisc?ncias de uma viagem para a Litu?nia (1972) e os v?deos-di?rio pertencentes a 365 Day Project (2007). Esta tese assume como metodologia os conceitos de teceduras (Daney, 2007; Benjamin, 1994) e rasgaduras (Daney, 2007; Didi-Huberman, 2014, 2015), a partir da forma como Mekas realiza as suas escolhas narrativas e apresenta a sua condi??o hist?rica. Este trabalho conclui que a obra em pauta aporta um entendimento sobre o di?rio n?o somente como um g?nero liter?rio, mas como uma narrativa que se afirma na sua pluralidade de formas, de acordo com os deslocamentos que o autor efetua na sua rela??o com o tempo, com o espa?o e com o uso de diferentes dispositivos t?cnicos. Tamb?m conclui que Mekas constr?i, nos seus di?rios, uma rela??o intr?nseca entre narrar o vivido e viver o narrado, o que revela como os registros documentam um determinado contexto s?cio-hist?rico e, ainda, como esses registros fazem parte do pr?prio contexto e da subjetividade constru?da pelo seu autor.

Discipline was an enduring concept in the works of John Milton (1608-1674), yet its meaning shifted over the course of his career: initially he held that it denoted ecclesiastical order, but gradually he turned to representing it as self-willed pious action. My thesis examines this transformation by analysing Milton’s complex engagement in two distinct periods: the 1640s and the 1660s-70s. In Of Reformation (1641), Milton echoed popular contemporary demands for a reformation of church discipline, but also asserted through radical literary experimentation that poetry could discipline the nation too (Chapter 1). Reflecting his dislike for intolerant Presbyterians in Parliament and the Westminster Assembly, the two versions of The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (1643 and 1644) reconsider discipline as a moral imperative for all men, rooted in domestic liberty (Chapter 2). Although written long after this period, the long poetry that Milton composed after the Restoration reveals his continued interrogation of the concept. The invocations of the term ‘discipline’ by Milton’s angels in Paradise Lost (1667) sought to encourage dissenting readers to faithfulness and co-operation (Chapter 3). Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes (1671) advance the concept in the language of ‘piety,’ emphasising that ‘pious hearts’ are the precondition for godly action in opposition to contemporary Anglican ‘holy living’ (Chapter 4). In analysing Milton’s shifting concept of discipline, my thesis contributes to scholarship by showing his sensitivity to contemporary mainstream religious ideas, outlining the Christian—as opposed to republican or Stoic—notions of praxis that informed his ethics, and emphasising the disciplinary aspect of his doctrinal thought. Overall, it holds that in discipline, as word and concept, Milton expressed his faith in the capacity of writing to change its reader, morally and spiritually.

本論文計分為五章十六節，約柒萬餘言，其內容大綱如下： 第一章：緒論。說明研究的動機、目的、方法、範圍與研究之限制等，並就論文之全 盤架構，作概略之介紹。 第二章：品質成本概論。說明品質成本的意義、分類，並介紹品質成本系統的建立與 實施，最後並探討如何應用品質成本報告，作品質績效的評估與控制。 第三章：成本分析應用於品質規劃（一）─品質設計。先就品質設計的基本觀念及步 驟加以說明，並就成本效益分析觀點，討論企業產品最適品質水準之設定，最後並介 紹壽命週期成本法在品質設計上之應用。 第四章：成本分析應用於品質規劃（二）─不良品之控制。首先說明製造品質與不良 品的關係，並介紹預防成本及檢驗成本之規劃，使企業的總品質成本達到最經濟的狀 態。 第五章：結論與建議。將前述各章之內容作彙總說明，並提出若干建議或研究方向。

Dans la Recherche du temps perdu, toute relation filiale est une relation où le fils fait inévitablement souffrir sa mère en commettant, selon Proust, une forme de parricide. La lecture des œuvres pré-Recherche de l’auteur, telles la nouvelle « La confession d’une jeune fille » et l’article « Sentiments filiaux d’un parricide » permettent de comprendre cette relation ambigüe, au cœur de laquelle se trouve l’amour incommensurable que ressent le fils pour le parent, un amour si intense qu’il en est étouffant. Dans ces conditions, le parent en vient à symboliser aux yeux de l’enfant la Loi contre laquelle il doit se rebeller à coup de gestes de cruauté. Le fils, s’il est de ceux qui peuvent soutenir la vue de leurs crimes, entre alors dans un cercle vicieux : par sa cruauté, il tue – symboliquement ou réellement – le parent aimé et il en jouit. Suite à ce sadisme, il ressent une insupportable culpabilité qui le mène à une dévotion masochiste encore plus grande pour son parent. Or, par le personnage du narrateur de la Recherche du temps perdu, Proust démontre que la seule manière de se libérer de cette douloureuse culpabilité, c’est l’Art. Le crime ultime qu’est la création excuse les actes de cruauté antérieurs et les justifie même. C’est la seule manière de transformer la souffrance vécue (issue entre autres de la culpabilité d’avoir pris plaisir à faire souffrir un parent aimé) en idées universelles, en œuvre d’art. / In A la recherche du temps perdu, every filial relationship is one where the son inevitably causes his mother suffering by committing, according to Proust, a form of parricide. The writings of Marcel Proust before la Recherche, such as the short story “A young girl’s confession” and the newspaper article “Filial sentiments of a parricide”, allow us to understand this ambiguous relationship, at the heart of which we can find the unmeasured love that the son feels for his parent, a love so intense that it soon becomes suffocating. Under these conditions, the parent comes to symbolize to the child “the moral Law” against which he must rebel, choosing cruelty as his weapon. The son, if he is one of those who can stand the sight of their own crimes, enters then in a vicious cycle: with his daily acts of cruelty, he kills – symbolically or in genuinely – the beloved parent, and he enjoys it. Following this act of sadism, he feels an unbearable guilt that leads him to an even greater masochistic devotion for his parent. Yet, through the character of the narrator of la Recherche, Proust demonstrates that there is indeed one way to free oneself from this painful guilt, and it is through Art. Creation, the ultimate crime, excuses and even justifies any previous acts of cruelty. It is the only way of transforming suffering (resulting among other things, from the guilt of having enjoyed causing a beloved parent any kind of suffering) into universal ideas, into art.

Apresentam-se aqui duas vias de investigações sobre Der Knabe in Blau, filme perdido de F. W. Murnau, produzido em 1919. A primeira via examina o texto O homem visível, escrito pelo filósofo Béla Balázs em 1924, procurando as intersecções entre o seu pensamento e os filmes de Murnau, quando estes referem-se às relações com as demais artes; a segundase serve de fragmentos de imagens e intertítulos sobreviventes, propondo hipóteses para a reconstrução imaginária da narrativa. O esforço aqui empreendido na coleta de passagens do texto de Balázs visa contribuir com os estudos sobre a presença de outras artes nos filmes deste período, enquanto a experiência de comentar a obra perdida de Murnau instrui a averiguar as artes como elementos diegéticos na narrativa fílmica. / We hereby present two investigative pathways on Der Knabe in Blau, F.W. Murnau\'s lost film, produced in 1919. The first pathway examines the text Visible Man, written by the philosopher Béla Balázs in 1924, looking for the intersections between his thinking and the films of Murnau, while they make references to the relationships with other forms of art; the second relies on the surviving images fragments and intertitles, proposing hypotheses for the imaginary reconstruction of the narrative. The effort here undertaken to collect passages from the Balázs text aims to contribute with the studying of the presence of other forms of art in films from this period, while the experience of commenting on the lost work of Murnau serves to ascertain the arts as diegetic elements in the film narrative.

NO ROMANCE DE MARCEL PROUST Em busca do tempo perdidodesfilam ante os olhos do leitorum compêndio de seres enigmáticos, fragmentários, que oferecem em si, ao longo da obra, uma gama de novas imagens e possibilidades. Desse complexo conjunto de seres imprevisíveis, há um caso particular de uma personagem secundária. Figuraaparentemente dentro da narrativa como um ser anedótico, apenas para compor um ambiente cômico, pueril dentro de Combray, a cidadezinha prosaica de infância do herói do romance: a tia Léonie. O objetivo do trabalho que apresentamos não é somente analisar esse ser aparentemente risório, a eterna doente de Combray. Sobretudo, pretende-se mostrar dentro dopróprio romance proustiano que Léonie, como os tantos personagens desse trajeto rumo à descoberta da verdadeira vocação do herói, também colocará sua pequena pedra na composição monumental da obra por vir, pois, ao seu modo, também contribuirá para a composição daquele que renunciará à vida, se reservando apenas o essencial, para compor seu romance. / IN THE NOVEL OF MARCEL PROUST\'S \"In Search of Lost Time\", parade before the reader\'s eyes, a compendium of enigmatic, fragmentary beings, offering itself, throughout the work, a range of new images and possibilities. In this complex set of unpredictable beings, there is a particular case of a secondary character, apparently figuring in the narrative as being anecdotal, just to make a comic, childlike environment in Combray, the prosaic town of the novel heros childhood: Aunt Léonie. The objective of the present work is not only to analyze this seemingly be risorius, \"the eternal sick of Combray.\" Above all, it presents in the Proustian novel itself that Léonie, as so many characters that path towards the discovery of the true vocation of the hero, also put your little stone in monumental composition of the work to come, for, in his own way, also contribute for the composition that he would resign to life, reserve to itself only the essentials, in order to compose his novel.