Syftet med studien är att ge fördjupad kunskap om hur lärare kan arbeta med skönlitteratur i undervisningen samt undersöka hur lärare i årskurs 3 arbetar med skönlitteratur för att elevernas läsförståelse ska utvecklas. Studien baseras på fyra intervjuer med legitimerade lärare samt två observationer med fokus på lärarens undervisning. Utifrån undersökningen finns både likheter och skillnader gällande hur lärare arbetar med skönlitterära texter i klassrummet. Tidigare forskning och studiens resultat visar att lärare undervisar med hjälp av skönlitterära texter samt att elevers läsförståelse kan utvecklas. Elevernas utveckling av läsförståelsen sker med stöttning från lärare och i samspel med varandra. Likheter som uppmärksammas i arbetet är vilka metoder lärarna använder när de undervisar med skönlitteratur i ämnet svenska, hur lärarna väljer skönlitterära texter samt hur de ser på begreppet gemensam läsning. Två skillnader som uppmärksammas är hur klassrumsmiljön ser ut samt vilka ämnen skönlitterära texter används i. Utifrån undersökningen går det även att konstatera att eleverna läser skönlitterära texter som är anpassade för deras läsnivå.

The submitted thesis deals with the matter of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we dealt with the issue of autism spectrum disorders, constituent diagnoses and the triad of disrupted areas. Further into thesis we presented the reader the fundamental cognitive theories which explain exhibitions within the range of autism spectrum disorders. Towards the end of thesis we dealt with reader's literacy with special emphasis on reading comprehension. The second part presents empirical research aimed at ascertainment of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The research sample consisted of sixth and ninth grade pupils diagnosed with Asperger syndrome from both primary and grammar school. The sample was supplemented with a control group which comprised intact pupils of the same grades. For the purposes of this study there were created new tests focusing on the level of reading comprehension. The first test aimed at reading comprehension with regard to silent reading, the second test observed reading comprehension in terms of loud reading. Methodology was further supplemented with the Strange Stories test ascertaining the level of theory of mind. The crucial part of...

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / F. Todd Goodson / The purpose of this study was to determine what social factors influenced ninth-grade students asked to participate in dramatic oral reading activities in the context of their high school English classroom. Participatory action research was completed in cooperation with a classroom teacher and his student teacher. A grounded theory design advised the transcription, coding, and data analysis of the study. In 2006, the National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation formed Poetry Out Loud, a National Recitation Contest where high school students around the country recited poetry in a contest form. This study used materials and some curriculum from Poetry Out Loud, but rather than memorizing and reciting the poems, the students were asked to perform dramatic oral readings of them. This focus on reading stemmed, in part, from studies completed by Rasinski (2005) claiming ninth-grade students still lacked fluency in their reading in addition to work in the areas of Automaticity (LaBerge & Samuels, 1974) and Prosody (Schreiber, 1991). These students participated in six weeks of activities designed to build skill in dramatic oral reading. Field notes were taken throughout the project. Performances were recorded using video and audio devices, student interviews were recorded and transcribed, and teacher interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data revealed fourteen categories during the open coding stage that contributed, through axial coding, to three different themes: family versus dysfunctional family, positive performance conditions versus adverse performance conditions, and literate identity versus anti-literate identity. These three themes and each respective antithesis were progressively contingent on each other when laid out in a lateral manner with the results of the project being that students either developed a literate identity when the conditions were in place or developed a decidedly anti-literate identity. This theory, grounded entirely in data collected during the study, provided an understanding of the social context at play in this classroom. This study provided qualitative insight necessary for continuing to explore dramatic oral reading fluency at the high school level by revealing the importance of community in asking students to perform in front of their peers, a potentially socially jeopardizing situation.

The theme of the dissertation is former brewery in Opava. Specifically: Spilka, Varna and Strojovna. Current state and adaptation for new using is solved.

Too Loud a Solitude is one of the most famous texts of Bohumil Hrabal and possibly it is his most philosophical one. The following thesis interprets this text from the philosophical points of view as a statement about modern age and an individuals place in it. Based on one of the central sentences - "The heavens are not humane" - spoken by the protagonist Haňťa in his monologue in, the text is read as defense against incommensurability of the world with an indiviual. Christian a ancient Greek's way of defense are considered as not appliable to the age Haňťa lives at, but also as somehow present in his way of defense, which is described as a specific type of "pábení". "The end of Christian epoch" (as Hrabal himself puts it) which occurs in Too Loud a Solitude is described then in terms of mechanizing and forgetting of actual humane being. Existencial analysis of Haňťa's state after the end of epoch follows. The thesis mostly reffers to following thinkers: Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Jaspers, Albert Camus and Jean Améry.

Enterprise social network software platforms (ESNs) are increasingly being deployed in firms across almost every industry as a means of fostering employee collaboration. Although benefits in increased productivity, innovation, and employee engagement are highly touted, there is a high failure rate of these deployments. This often occurs because (1) there is a misapplied focus on technology adoption rather than adoption of the employee behaviors that are ultimately required to obtain those benefits, and (2) it is unclear what those behaviors are and how to measure them. “Working Out Loud” is one possible framework for understanding and measuring the behaviors necessary to fulfill the promise that ESN vendors advertise. It is loosely described as doing work in a way that makes it visible to others, and is often associated with the use of social business tools. As these tools proliferate within organizations, the Working Out Loud concept is becoming increasingly popular as an organizational and individual goal and mantra among social software vendors, their customers, and leading pundits and consultants in this space. Many benefits have been associated with Working Out Loud; however the concept is still somewhat amorphous. No attempts have been made to quantify it and little research has been done on whether the benefits attributed to it really exist. The common industry definition of Working Out Loud identifies two separate behaviors: narrating one’s work in the form of blog posts, status updates, etc. (typically individual behavior), and performing work in a transparent and observable way through the use of an enterprise social platform (typically group or team behavior). This research hypothesizes that these two behaviors do exist and are related but distinct, and thus scales can be developed to measure each. A survey was given to employees of Lexmark International, Inc. (the author’s employer). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses performed on the data confirmed the hypothesis and resulted in scales for individual and group Working Out Loud that are designed to be minimallyintrusive so as to enable both researchers and practitioners to track an organization’s Working Out Loud behavior on an ongoing basis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-20Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000812898_20151231.pdf: 92770 bytes, checksum: 0df57f7179ed95ec8efbafd81fe6d5d8 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-01-04T10:26:42Z: 000812898_20151231.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-04T10:28:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000812898.pdf: 1511298 bytes, checksum: 9d02e9cf06fbfd1a1e72871704b47797 (MD5) / Este trabalho investiga as estratégias narrativas utilizadas por Jonathan Safran Foer no romance Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2005), a fim de verificar como o autor avalia o episódio dos ataques terroristas de 11 de setembro. A tragédia representa o início de um novo período da História dos Estados Unidos e tem sido tema de publicações em diversas áreas. Este estudo examina, por meio da jornada empreendida pelo menino Oskar, de apenas nove anos, cujo pai foi vítima dos atentados, a forma como os acontecimentos do passado são transformados em fatos históricos relevantes, os sistemas que permitem a abordagem da História por meio de várias perspectivas, e a presença do trauma como elemento de ligação entre História e Literatura. Focalizando primordialmente o narrador, o pequeno Oskar, a análise perseguirá sua jornada em Nova York à procura de respostas para a morte de seu pai naquele dia catastrófico, tratado por Oskar como the worst day. Serão também analisados os usos de imagens, espaços em branco, as escritas com sobreposição e o diálogo com a tecnologia e mensagens codificadas, como SMS, que estão presentes no romance. A fundamentação teórica desta discussão será baseada em textos de McHale (1992), Lyotard (1990), Jameson (2007), Santiago (2002), Connor (2000), White (1994), Le Goff (2003), e Hutcheon (1991) / This thesis investigates the narrative strategies used by Jonathan Safran Foer in Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2005) in order to verify how the author evaluates the episode of the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The tragedy is the beginning of a new period in the history of the United States and has been the subject of publications in several fields. This study examines, through the journey taken by the nine-year-old boy Oskar, whose father was a victim of the 9/11 attacks, how the events of the past are transformed into relevant historical facts, systems that allow the treatment of History through multiple perspectives, and the presence of trauma as a conection between History and Literature. Primarily focusing on the narrator, little Oskar, the analysis will pursue his journey in New York looking for answers to the death of his father on that catastrophic day, treated by Oskar as “the worst day”. The use of images, blanks, written with overlapping and dialogue with technology and coded messages such as SMS, which are present in the novel, will also be analyzed. The theoretical basis of this discussion includes texts by McHale (1992), Lyotard (1990), Jameson (2007), Santiago (2002), Connor (2000), White (1994), Le Goff (2003) and Hutcheon (1991)

This thesis presents studies of cosmic populations of extragalactic radio sources. The problems selected for this thesis are 1) the derivation of constraints on the emergence of new sub-mJy populations at flux density below about 1mJy (at1.4 GHz) paying careful attention to including sources with low surface brightness and counting sources rather than components 2) development of a new method to estimate the asymmetry in the large scale galaxy environment with respect to the axes of extended radio sources and use this to examine for evidence of impact of the environment on the morphology of radio sources. The studies presented herein have been carried out using the Australia Telescope Low Brightness Survey (ATLBS), which is a sensitive radio survey at 1.4 GHz, imaging 8.42 square degrees of the sky along with accompanying optical observations of the same region. There are multiple populations of extragalactic radio sources in the cosmos. These consist of populations of powerful radio-loud quasars and radio galaxies to populations of weaker radio sources such as star-forming galaxies. These populations of radio sources show evidence of evolution with cosmic epoch. Because the radio galaxy phenomenon and the AGNs at the centers of their host galaxies may influence the evolution of the galaxy via feedbacks, examinations of these source populations over cosmic time are a necessary complementary study to understanding the process of galaxy formation and in general, cosmology. Below we give brief introduction to the problems studied in this thesis. Sub-mJy Radio Source Counts Radio source counts, which have historically been a key probe of cosmology, now represent a measure of cosmological evolution in radio source populations. Currently, the estimation of source counts at sub-mJy flux density as well as the nature and evolution of these sources is undetermined. At flux densities ≤1.0 mJy a ‘flattening’ of normalized differential source counts has been widely reported in literature( Windhorst et al.(1985),Hopkins et al.(2003),Huynh et al.(2005) and references therein). The flattening is observed as an apparent change of slope for the normalized differential source counts from ∼0.7 at5.0 −100.0 mJy to about 0.4 in the 0.25 −5.0 mJy range. Attempts to understand the nature of the sub-mJy population have arrived at discordant results and identify the sub-mJy sources with different populations: starburst galaxies(Condon(1989), Benn et al. (1993), Huynhet al. (2005)), early type galaxies (Gruppioniet al., 1999),low(radio) luminosity activegalactic nuclei(AGNs)(Huynh et al.,2008) or a mixture of these. Due to unavailability of spectroscopically complete samples of hosts of sub-mJy sources, the exact nature of the sub-mJy radio source population is currently uncertain. However, the presence of a population which emerges at sub-mJy flux density and is different from the AGN-dominated radio source population is not in doubt. The studies in the literature are inconsistent in identifying the precise location of the emergence of flattening in counts at sub-mJy flux density. Several studies show that the source counts are consistent with a continuation in the slope of the differential counts below mJy flux density (Prandoniet al.(2001) and Subrahmanyan et al.(2010)). The scatter in the sub-mJy counts from different studies may be because of the relatively small areas covered by deep surveys(in many cases, a single pointing of an interferometric array) which may have relatively large errors arising from large scale clustering in the spatial distribution of cosmic radio sources(however the study by Condon (2007) concludes that the scatter in the source counts stems from variations in corrections and sensitivity in different studies)In contrast, wide-field surveys may not reach the depth to probe sub-mJy counts. Another reason is the correction applicable to the observed source counts necessary to estimate the true source counts; these are especially pertinent at low flux densities. To resolve these is-sues, a survey which combines the attributes of wide spatial coverage as well as excellent sensitivity and a procedure which accounts for the biases in estimation of the sub-mJy source counts is needed. In conclusion, accurate measurements of the source counts at sub-mJy flux densities are needed to correctly estimate the cosmic evolution of radio sources. Environments of Extended Radio Sources Another issue of importance in the study of extragalactic radio sources is their interaction with their environments. The gas environments in which radio sources reside and evolve ought to have an influence on the morphology of the radio sources. This has been shown in many case studies where the radio structures have been compared with the X-ray gas environments (Blanton et al. (2011); Boehringer et al.(1993)). Studies of the optical environments of radio galaxies have also been carried out previously (Longair & Seldner, 1979; Yee & Green, 1984; Hill & Lilly, 1991; Zirbel, 1997). The motivation behind these studies has been to examine differences between different classes of radio sources, the evolution of environments with cosmic epoch as well as the possibility of identifying clusters/groups of galaxies using radio sources as a tracer(Wing &Blanton, 2011). Many previous studies have found that the environments of FRI/FRII sources are different and are dependent on the cosmic epoch. FRI sources, typically, are found in rich environments. FRII sources in the local universe are generally hosted by field galaxies, but at higher red shifts are found in richer environments(Hatch et al.,2011;Best et al.,2003;Overzier et al.,2008). However, there have been fewer studies that relate the richness of the environments and morphological asymmetries of radio galaxies. Earlier investigations by Subrahmanyan et al. (2008) and Safouris et al.(2009) are noteworthy in this regard where the radio structures of two giant radio galaxies were examined in the context of the large-scale galaxy distributions in their vicinity(also see Chen et al.(2012) and references therein). The study was also used to infer properties of the ambient thermal gas medium in which the structures evolved. Clear correlations between structural asymmetries and associated extended emission-line gas were also found for radio galaxies that have relatively smaller sizes of a few hundred kpc(McCarthy et al., 1991). Thesis Work To progress the field in the problems highlighted above, the following work has been done in this thesis. Radio Imaging of ATLBS Survey To characterize the cosmic evolution of radio sources and their properties, observations and imaging of faint radio sources is essential. The Australia Telescope Low Brightness Survey(ATLBS), which has been used in the studies presented in this thesis, has been designed specifically to image diffuse radio emission to relatively high red shifts(z ∼1−1.5). Therefore obtaining good surface brightness sensitivity was a prime objective in planning the radio observations and in imaging the data obtained from these observations. This requires a nearly complete synthesized aperture and observations of a representative patch of the extra galactic sky. These requirements have been fulfilled in ATLBS survey, which has excellent uv coverage, especially at short spacings, and images a region off the galactic plane that is devoid of strong radio sources. The observations were carried out for two adjacent fields, designated as A and B with their centers at RA:00h 35m 00s,DEC:−67◦00 00 and RA:00h 59m 17s,DEC:−67◦00 00 ,in the 20 cm band, with a center frequency of1388MHz,infullpolarization mode. The radio data was imaged by using techniques such as multi-frequency deconvolution and self-calibration to make two mosaics of region A and B which are free of artefacts. These high-resolution radio images(with beamFWHM of 6 “)of the ATLBS survey regions cover 8.42 square degrees sky area with rms noise 72 µJy beam−1 and are of exceptional quality in that there are no imaging errors or artifacts above the thermal noise over the entire field of view. The images have excellent surface brightness sensitivity and hence provide good representation of extended emission components associated with radio sources. Optical Imaging of ATLBS Survey The ATLBS survey region has been also observed in SDSS r band, specifically for providing information about the galaxies hosting radio sources observed in ATLBS survey as well as galaxies in the neighbourhood of the radio sources. The optical observations were carried out using the CTIO 4 meter Blanco Telescope in Chile and using theMOSAICIIimager,whichisamosaicof8CCDs. In total, 28 optical images were created from the optical data. Each image was formed from a set of 5 dithers, using which spurious sources in the images were rejected. The final images are complete down to a magnitude of 22.75. Radio Source Counts Using the sensitive radio and optical images, a study of radio source counts was carried out. This study made use of some novel strategies and algorithms to generate a source list and correct it for various biases to obtain the radio source counts. More specifically, care was taken to identify sources with low surface brightness by making use of low resolution images for initial identification, and using multiple indicators (including optical images) to identify components of sources. The blending issues inherent in using low resolution images has been avoided using higher resolution images to identify blended sources. Thus, use of low resolution images( beam FWHM =50”′) almost completely removes effects of resolution bias and the use of high resolution images avoids blending issues. These strategies, together with use of optical images to locate candidate galaxy hosts and a careful visual examination of resolved and complex sources instead of automated classification ensures that the ATLBS catalog is a ‘source catalog’ as opposed to a ‘component catalog’. The distinction between ‘sources’ (which are single sources) as opposed to components(parts of a single source appearing separate) is crucial in estimating the true source counts. The source list was used toestimatetheradiosourcecountsdownto0.4 mJy. Comparing the counts with previous work shows that the ATLBS counts are systematically lower and the upturn in sub-mJy source counts has not been found down to the noise limited flux densities probed. The systematically low counts for ATLBS relative to most previous studies are attributed to the ATLBS counts representing sources as opposed to components, as well as corrections for noise bias as well as clustering effects that may affect source counts derived from the small sky coverage typical of deep surveys. This study also demonstrates the substantial difference in counts that result from using component catalogs as opposed to source catalogs: at 1 mJy flux density component counts may be as much as 50% above true source counts. This implies that automated image analysis for counts may be dependent on the ability of the imaging to reproduce connecting emission with low surface brightness as well as the ability of the algorithm to recognize sources, which require that source finding algorithms effectively work with multi-resolution and multi-wavelength data. Galaxy Environments of Extended Radio Sources in ATLBS Survey A study of the galaxy environments of the extended sources in the ATLBS survey was carried out using the optical images. This study of the environments of radio sources from the ATLBS survey is restricted to those that are extended and hence to a subset of the ATLBS-ESS(Extended Source Sample) sources. Briefly, the ATLBS-ESS subsample consists of 119 radio sources that have angular size ex-ceeding0’.5. Applying a red shift cut(to exclude sources with high red shifts whose optical environment may be beyond the depth of the optical images) as well as other constraints(such as availability of optical magnitudes of the host galaxy), a sub-sample of 43 sources was formed, including sources of diverse radio morphologies(FRI/FRII, WATs and HTs)as well as7 radio sources which are highly asymmetric in their radio morphology. For these sources, where no spectroscopic data was available, a red shift estimate was obtained from a magnitude-red shift relation derived from other sources in the ATLBS survey. Using the optical images convolved with a matched filter(following the prescription from Postman et al. (1996))consisting of a radial and magnitude filter, smoothed maps were formed for each source in the sample. These give the likelihood of a cluster being present in a given position in the map (in this case the location of interest being the position of the radio source in the map). Further, five parameters were defined in this study, which give estimates of the angular anisotropy of galaxy density around the axis of the radio source. This method used to quantify environmental asymmetry for the study presented in the thesis is new. The parameters defined thus were used to examine the environments of radio sources in the sample over a wide range in red shift. Specifically a comparison of FRI/FRII environments was made in two different red shift regimes(above and below z = 0.5) and it was found that the FRI and FRII sources inhabit environments of similar richness at low and high red shifts, with no evidence for red shift evolution. The WAT and HT sources were(as expected from earlier studies in literature)found in the most dense environments. Examination of the anisotropy parameters for the asymmetric radio sources clearly showed the influence environment has on radio source morphology, specifically in that the higher density of galaxies was found on the shorter side of the radio sources in almost all cases. Images and Other Resources The radio and optical images are an excellent resource for examining with auto-mated algorithms for source finding, parameter fitting, and morphological classification, and as a resource for testing such algorithms that would be used on upcoming all-sky continuum surveys with the LOFAR and ASKAP/SKA. The techniques and methods developed and presented in the thesis may be used in future studies of radio source populations.

The final thesis is focused on restoration masonry building. Concretely assessment of resistance joist's floors, design alternative's strengthening and impact of surcharge on pronounces constructions. The choice one of alternatives strengthening, design and check of floor structure over the second floor.

No description available.