Dendritic cells (DCs), as professional antigen-presenting cells, are members of the innate immune system and function as key players during the induction phase of adaptive immune responses. Uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens direct the outcome toward either tolerance or immunity. The cells of the immune system are among the most highly radiosensitive cells in the body. For high doses of ionizing radiation (HD-IR) both immune-suppressive effects after whole body irradiation and possible immune activation during tumor therapy were observed. On the other hand, the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation (LD-IR) on the immune system are controversial and seem to show high variability among different individuals and species. There are reports revealing that protracted LD-IR can result in radioresistance. But immune-suppressive effects of chronic LD-IR are also reported, including the killing or sensitizing of certain cell types. This article shall review the current knowledge of radiation-induced effects on the immune system, paying special attention to the interaction of DCs and T cells.

The number of new cases of lung and bronchus cancer was 55.8 per 100,000 men and women per year. The number of deaths was 44.7 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2010-2014 cases and deaths. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. The knowledge that lung cancer can be successfully treated if caught early has driven a decades-long search to find an accurate and reliable screening test. National Cancer Institute's National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) found that annual screening with Low-Dose CT (LDCT) for asymptomatic patients aged 55 to 74, with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years, and smokers who quit less than 15 years ago, had a 20% reduction in risk of death from lung cancer. Findings of this trial resulted in that LDCT becoming the gold standard of screening for lung cancer. The SEED method is a community-engaged research approach to develop conceptual models and generate patient-centered research questions. This method has been used to engage community stakeholders of Martinsville, Virginia to develop conceptual models of the factors contributing to lung cancer outcomes. In the first manuscript of this dissertation, these models which were produced by 3 different groups of stakeholders have been examined closely to explore the complexity, similarities, and differences. The models were used to produce a research agenda on the topic of factors impacting lung cancer outcomes for future researchers. A literature review was conducted by the study team on the final research agenda. The goal of this literature review was to avoid duplication of research and to focus future research on the identified gaps. The knowledge and attitudes of the health care providers and patients about lung cancer screening and the barriers in the uptake of LDCT were identified as a research gap. The design of the Martinsville lung cancer study described in the second manuscript of this dissertation responds to this identified research gap. These studies and their results shed light on the factors that impact lung cancer outcomes using a community based participatory approach. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria Nogueira Silva.pdf: 441134 bytes, checksum: 7fdca83931c0bdbbdf8528fe5b39b167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-22 / Objetives: To assess the effects between non-treatment (placebo group) and a low dosage estrogen-progestin regimen with norgestimate on changes in mammographic breast density (BD) in postmenopausal women after 12 months of hormone therapy. Methods: A prospective study was performed with 40 postmenopausal patients from Materno-Infantil University Hospital (São Luís, Maranhão), divided into two groups: treated ( n=20) using 1 mg of beta-estradiol (E2) and 1mg of E2 + 90mcg norgestimate (NMG); and control (placebo). One-hundred sixty mammograms were done before and after a 12-month period of hormone therapy and BD between the two exams in each group was compared. BD was measured by two qualitative methods (Wolfe and Breast Image Reporting and Data System BI-RADS classification) by two different observers. Data were analysed using Epi- Info program, with statistical significance of 5%. Interobserver variability from mammograms was considered low in both classifications, as well as there were a high percentage of agreement between the two methods. T-student test was used for means and Fisher test for binomial variables. Results: Both groups were considered homogeneous. Body mass index (BMI) did not change during the study period in both groups. Mammographic breast density s classification according to Wolfe was respectively in treated and placebo groups, N1=12, P1=5, P2=3, DY=0; and N1=11, P1=6, P2=3, DY=0, before and after low dose hormone therapy, with no significant differences. A similar pattern was observed at placebo group using Wolfe classification. There were no significant changes in BD according to BI-RADS category in both groups. Conclusion: Low dosage hormone therapy with norgestimate was not associated with increased BD after 12 months of treatment, supporting current literature. Further studies using devices with better technology in analyzing BD are needed to confirm a stability of breast epithelium with different types of low dosage hormone therapy. / Objetivos: Avaliar mudanças no padrão da densidade mamográfica (DM) com a utilização da terapia estro-progestativa de baixa dose com norgestimato entre mulheres na pós-menopausa durante um período de 1 ano. Metodologia: Realizado estudo prospectivo com 40 pacientes menopausadas do Hospital Universitário Materno-Infantil (São Luís, Maranhão), divididas em dois grupos: tratado (n=20) usando 1 mg de beta-estradiol (E2) e 1mg de E2 + 90mcg de norgestimato (NMG); e controle (placebo). Cento e sessenta mamografias foram realizadas antes e depois de 12 meses de acompanhamento. A DM foi aferida por dois métodos qualitativos (classificação de Wolfe e do Breast Image Reporting and Data System BI-RADS) por dois observadores. Os dados foram analisados e tabulados utilizando-se o programa Epi-Info (alfa=5%). A variabilidade interobservador foi considerada baixa nas duas classificações, assim como houve ótima concordância entre os dois métodos. Os testes t de Student e Fisher foram utilizados para, respectivamente, médias e variáveis binomais. Resultados: Ambos os grupos foram considerados homogêneos. O índice de massa corpórea (IMC) não se alterou durante o período do estudo tanto no grupo A como no B. A classificação de DM no grupo tratado, de acordo com Wolfe foi, respectivamente: N1=12, P1=5, P2=3, DY=0; e N1=11, P1=6, P2=3, DY=0, respectivamente antes e depois da terapia hormonal de baixa dose, sem diferenças estatísticas. Um padrão similar foi também observado no grupo controle. Não houveram mudanças significativas na densidade mamária de acordo com a classificação BI-RADS nos dois grupos. Conclusão: A terapia hormonal de baixa dose com norgestimato não foi associada com aumento de DM após 12 meses de tratamento, ratificando literatura corrente. Há necessidade de melhores tecnologias para avaliar a DM e confirmar a estabilidade do epitélio mamário com diferentes tipos de terapia hormonal de baixa dose.

No description available.

Strontium 90 (90Sr) is a radionuclide of anthropogenic origin released in large quantities in the environment as a result of nuclear atmospheric tests or accidents at nuclear facilities. 90Sr persists on a long-term basis in the environment, leading to chronic contamination by ingestion of populations living on contaminated territories. The induction of bone tumours associated with the fixation of 90Sr has been widely described. However, the occurrence of non-cancer effects is much less known. We used a mouse model with chronic contamination by ingestion of water containing 20 kBq/l of 90Sr. A biokinetic study confirmed the accumulation of 90Sr in the bones, with an increased rate of accumulation during bone growth. This accumulation was higher in the bones of females than in males. The whole-body absorbed doses ranged from 0.33 ± 0.06 mGy (birth) to 10.6 ± 0.1 mGy (20 weeks). The absorbed dose for the skeleton was up to 55 mGy. Ingestion of 90Sr induced a change in the expression of genes inducing an imbalance in favour of bone resorption, but without effect on bone morphology. No significant effect was observed for the hematopoietic system. On the other hand, minor modifications were observed for the immune system. To evaluate the functionality of the immune system, a vaccination test with TT and KLH antigens was used. Results showed in contaminated animals a significant decrease in the production of specific immunoglobulins, changes in the Th1/Th2 balance in the spleen and a disrupted B lymphocyte differentiation. These results improve the understanding of some of the non-cancerous consequences of chronic exposure at low dose of radionuclides with a long half-life, which can be accidentally released.

Investigations of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms in normal tissues have implications for both cancer prevention and treatments. The accumulating knowledge about protein function and molecular markers makes it possible to directly trace and interpret cellular DDR in a tissue context. Using immunohistochemical techniques and digital image analysis, we have examined several principal DDR events in epidermis from patients undergoing fractionated radiotherapy. Acquiring biopsies from different regions of the skin provides the possibility to determine in vivo dose response at clinically relevant dose levels throughout the treatment. A crucial event in cellular DDR is the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). These serious lesions can be directly visualised in cells by detecting foci forming markers such as γH2AX and 53BP1. Our results reveal that DSB-signalling foci can be detected and quantified in paraffin-embedded tissues. More importantly, epidermal DSB foci dose response reveals hypersensitivity, detected as elevated foci levels per dose unit, for doses below ~0.3Gy. The low-dose hypersensitive dose response is observed throughout the treatment course and also in between fractions: at 30 minutes, 3 hours and 24 hours following delivered fractions. The dose response at 24 hours further reveals that foci levels do not return to background levels between fractions. Furthermore, a low-dose hypersensitive dose response is also observed for these persistent foci. Investigations of end points further downstream in the DDR pathways confirmed that the low-dose hypersensitivity was preserved for: the checkpoint regulating p21 kinase inhibitor; mitosis suppression; apoptosis induction and basal keratinocyte reduction. Our results reveal preserved low-dose hypersensitivity both early and late in the DDR pathways. A possible link between the dose-response relationships is therefore suggested. The preserved low-dose hypersensitivity is a cause for re-evaluation of the risks associated with low-dose exposure and has implications for cancer treatments, diagnostics and radiation protection.

Le cadmium (Cd) est un élément toxique. Les activités humaines ont contaminé un large éventail de sols agricoles. L'exposition de l'homme au Cd se fait majoritairement par voie alimentaire, notamment à travers les aliments de base tels que les céréales. Le blé dur accumule naturellement plus de Cd dans ses grains que les autres céréales. Une fraction significative de la production française de blé dur dépasse la limite réglementaire européenne fixée pour le Cd. Il est donc nécessaire de réduire l'accumulation de Cd dans les grains de blé dur. Cette thèse portant sur l'écophysiologie de l'allocation du Cd aux grains chez le blé dur a pour ambition d'aider au développement de stratégies agronomiques visant à réduire le niveau de contamination en Cd du blé dur et de ses dérivés.Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la relation entre la structure de la biomasse aérienne et l'allocation de Cd aux grains. Nous avons fait l'hypothèse que la répartition de la biomasse aérienne entre pailles et grains était un facteur déterminant de l'allocation du Cd aux grains. Huit cultivars Français de blé dur - de hauteur de paille contrastée - ont été cultivés en présence de Cd. Comme prévu, le principal facteur expliquant la différence d'accumulation de Cd dans le grain était la structure de la biomasse aérienne. Les cultivars allouant une plus grande proportion de leur biomasse aérienne aux pailles - autrement dit les cultivars à longue tige - avaient tendance à accumuler moins de Cd dans leurs grains, car les tiges et les feuilles sont des puits de Cd en concurrence avec les grains lors de leur remplissage.Les minéraux importés dans les grains proviennent soit de leur absorption directe par la racine après l'anthèse, soit de leur remobilisation depuis des réserves constituées avant l'anthèse. La deuxième partie de ce travail a été consacrée à déterminer l'importance quantitative de ces deux « sources » pour le Cd chez le blé dur, et de préciser comment leur contribution relative varie entre cultivars et avec le niveau d'azote (N). Le traçage isotopique a été utilisé pour suivre le flux de Cd absorbé après l'anthèse. L'impact du niveau d'azote a été testé en privant la moitié des plantes de N après l'anthèse, sur deux cultivars montrant une capacité contrastée à accumuler le Cd dans leurs grains. La contribution de la remobilisation a été estimé à 50%, ce qui signifie que la moitié du Cd accumulé dans les grains provenait du Cd prélevé après l'anthèse. Le Cd a été remobilisé à partir des tiges, peut-être des racines, mais pas à partir des feuilles. La contribution de la remobilisation n'a pas varié entre les deux cultivars, de sorte qu'aucune relation entre la « source » de Cd et son niveau d'accumulation dans le grain n'a été mise en évidence. La privation d'azote en phase de remplissage a stimulé la remobilisation de N sans affecter celle de Cd, ce qui suggère que la remobilisation de Cd est un processus indépendant de la sénescence.En troisième lieu, nous avons examiné comment les caractéristiques d'allocation de Cd aux grains étaient modulées par le niveau d'exposition au Cd. [...]Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à la localisation de Cd dans le grain. [...] Ce travail a fourni la première carte de localisation de Cd dans un grain de blé dur. La distribution de Cd s'est caractérisée par une forte accumulation de Cd dans le sillon et par une dissémination dans l'endosperme amylacé plus prononcée que celle de Fe et Zn. / Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element. Human activities have contaminated a wide range of agricultural soils. Most of Cd entering human bodies is through the dietary intake, and especially through staple food like cereals. Durum wheat naturally accumulates more Cd in its grains than other cereals. A significant fraction of the French durum wheat production has been found to exceed the European regulatory limit set for Cd. There is thus a need to reduce the accumulation of Cd in durum wheat grains. This thesis is dedicated to a better understanding of the ecophysiology of Cd allocation to the grains in durum wheat, with the ambition of helping to find agronomic strategies to reduce the Cd contamination level of durum wheat products.In first, we investigated the relationship between the aboveground partitioning of Cd and the shoot allometry. We hypothesized that the partitioning of shoot biomass between grains and straws is a driver of the allocation of Cd to the grains. Eight French durum wheat cultivars differing in their stem height were grown in presence of Cd. As expected, the main factor explaining the difference in their grain Cd was the shoot biomass partitioning. Cultivars allocating a higher proportion of their aerial biomass to the straws, i.e. long-stem cultivars, tended to accumulate less Cd in their grains because stems and leaves are sinks for Cd in competition with developing grains.Minerals imported into cereal grains originate from either direct post-anthesis root uptake or from the remobilization of pre-anthesis stores. The second part of this work was dedicated to determine the quantitative importance of these two pathways for Cd in durum wheat, and how their relative contribution vary between cultivars and with the level of nitrogen (N) supply. Stable isotopic labelling was used to trace the flux of Cd taken up post-anthesis. The impact of N supply was tested by depriving half of the plants of N after anthesis, in two cultivars showing a contrasted ability to accumulate Cd in their grains. The contribution of Cd remobilization was around 50%, which means that half of Cd in grains originated from Cd taken up pre-anthesis. Cd was remobilized from stems, possibly from roots, but not from leaves. The contribution of remobilization did not vary between the two cultivars so that no relationship between the pathway and the level of accumulation of Cd in grain was evidenced. Post-anthesis N deprivation triggered the remobilization of N without affecting that of Cd, which suggests that Cd remobilization is a senescent-independent process.In third, we investigated how the characteristics of Cd allocation to the grains was affected by the level of Cd exposure. [...]In last, we focused on how Cd was distributed within durum wheat grains. [...] This work provided the first map of Cd localization in durum wheat grains. Cd distribution was characterized by a strong accumulation of Cd in the crease and by a non-negligible dissemination in the starchy endosperm, as compared to Fe and Zn.

Introdução: As radiações ionizantes produzem efeitos na molécula do DNA e o biomonitoramento in vivo pode ser utilizado para melhor avaliar o nível de exposição interna à radiação. Os agentes genotóxicos em populações expostas geram diferentes danos ao DNA e por existir uma variabilidade genética isso acarreta sensibilidades diferentes a estes agentes. Essa variação pode ser explicada pela existência de polimorfismos genéticos envolvidos no processo de reparo, entre eles o XRCC1 e XRCC3, responsáveis por manter a integridade do genoma das células frente a danos causados pelos agentes mutagênicos, como a radiação ionizante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos mutagênicos da exposição à radiação x e gama em pacientes que realizam cintilografia miocárdica e angioplastia miocárdica e relacionar os possíveis resultados positivos com os polimorfismos dos genes de reparo, XRCC1 e XRCC3. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 57 pacientes expostos à radiação gama, e 57 expostos à radiação X. A análise da instabilidade genômica foi realizada através dos testes do micronúcleo e cometa, e a genotipagem através de sonda de TaqMan, para os polimorfismos do gene de reparo XRCC1 e XRCC3. Resultados e Conclusões: Em nosso estudo, os dados encontrados demonstram que ocorre dano ao DNA, após a exposição à radiação gama (ƿ=0,026). No entanto, não observamos ocorrer influência dos diferentes genótipos em ambos polimorfismos estudados, Arg399Gln e Thr241 Met, embora a presença do genótipo mutado Met/Met, parece ter indicado menor radiossensibilidade. Apesar desta diferença não ter alcançado os níveis de significância esperados, este resultado está de acordo com dados da literatura que indicam que este genótipo poderia estar associado à capacidade de reparação do DNA. Neste mesmo grupo, não encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas para aberrações cromossômicas (MN e NBUDs) após a exposição, para ambos polimorfismos, exceto para o genótipo normal Arg/Arg (ƿ=0,012), que parece ter indicado maior radiossensibilidade à exposição, estando de acordo com trabalhos da literatura, os quais demostram que, este genótipo pode ser associado com a diminuição da capacidade de reparo do DNA, apresentando níveis mais altos de quebras induzidas. As evidências de radiossensibilidade celular também podem ser explicadas pela alteração da proteína resultante do polimorfismo que não corrige os danos ao DNA, podendo aumentar o acúmulo de lesões no material genético, possivelmente pelo efeito da dose, tempo e tipo de exposição da radiação. Já no grupo de pacientes expostos à radiação X, observamos que não ocorre aumento nos níveis de danos ao DNA após a exposição (ƿ=0,004) e que não existe efeito de ambos polimorfismos estudados, exceto para o genótipo mutado Met/Met que parece determinar maior radiossensibilidade (ƿ=0,041). Para este grupo, observamos que ocorre aumento nas frequências de MN (ƿ<0,001) e NBUDs (ƿ<0,001), mas que os diferentes genótipos não influenciaram diferenças para estes achados. Para os dados de aberrações cromossômicas, encontrados neste grupo, a superexposição radiológica pode ser a interpretação dos achados, já que os detectores planos dos equipamentos utilizados aumentam em torno de 65% a exposição aos pacientes, quando comparados aos antigos intensificadores de imagens. / Introduction: Ionizing radiations produce effects on the DNA molecule and biomonitoring in vivo may be used to better assess the level of internal radiation exposure. Genotoxic agents in exposed populations generate different DNA damage, and there is a genetic variation in sensitivity to these agents. This variation can be explained by the existence of genetic polymorphisms involved in the repair process, including XRCC1 and XRCC3, responsible for maintaining genome integrity of the cell by the damage caused by mutagenic agents, such as ionizing radiation. Objective: Assess the mutagenic effects of exposure to x and gamma radiation in patients undergoing myocardial scintigraphy and coronary angioplasty and relate the possible positive result with polymorphisms of repair genes, XRCC1 and XRCC3. Materials and Methods: 57 patients exposed to gamma radiation, and 57 exposed to x radiation were selected. Analysis of genomic instability was performed by the micronucleus comet assay, and genotyping using TaqMan probe for polymorphisms XRCC1 and XRCC3 repairing genes. Results and Conclusions: In our study the data found demonstrate that DNA damage occurs after exposure to gamma radiation (ƿ=0.026). However, we did not observed influence of the different genotypes for both polymorphisms, Arg399Gln and Thr241Met, although the presence of the mutated genotype Met/Met seems to be less radiosensitive. Despite this difference did not reach statistical significance, this result is in agreement with data reported in the literature indicating that this genotype might be associated with the ability of DNA repair. In this group, we found no statistically significant differences in chromosomal aberrations (MN and NBUDs) after exposure for both polymorphisms, except for the normal genotype Arg/Arg (ƿ= 0.012), that seems to have shown greater radiosensitivity exposure, which is consistent with literature studies, which demonstrate that this genotype may be associated with decreased DNA repair capacity, showing higher levels of induced breaks. Evidence of cellular radiosensitivity may also be explained by the alteration of the protein resulting from polymorphism that does not correct the DNA damage and may increase the accumulation of lesions in the genetic material, possibly the effect of the dose, time and type of radiation exposure. In the group of patients exposed to x-radiation, we observe that no increase in the levels of DNA damage after exposure (ƿ=0.004) and that there is no effect of both polymorphisms studied, except for the mutated genotype Met / Met that seems to determine higher radiosensitivity (ƿ=0.041). For this group, we observed an increase in the frequency of MN (ƿ<0.001) and NBUDs (ƿ<0.001), but the different genotypes did not influence differences for these findings. For the data of chromosomal aberrations found in this group, radiological overexposure may be the interpretation of the findings, since the flat detectors of the equipment used increase around 65% exposure to patients, when compared to the old image intensifiers.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-04-08T12:56:51Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T12:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Introdução: As radiações ionizantes produzem efeitos na molécula do DNA e o biomonitoramento in vivo pode ser utilizado para melhor avaliar o nível de exposição interna à radiação. Os agentes genotóxicos em populações expostas geram diferentes danos ao DNA e por existir uma variabilidade genética isso acarreta sensibilidades diferentes a estes agentes. Essa variação pode ser explicada pela existência de polimorfismos genéticos envolvidos no processo de reparo, entre eles o XRCC1 e XRCC3, responsáveis por manter a integridade do genoma das células frente a danos causados pelos agentes mutagênicos, como a radiação ionizante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos mutagênicos da exposição à radiação x e gama em pacientes que realizam cintilografia miocárdica e angioplastia miocárdica e relacionar os possíveis resultados positivos com os polimorfismos dos genes de reparo, XRCC1 e XRCC3. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 57 pacientes expostos à radiação gama, e 57 expostos à radiação X. A análise da instabilidade genômica foi realizada através dos testes do micronúcleo e cometa, e a genotipagem através de sonda de TaqMan, para os polimorfismos do gene de reparo XRCC1 e XRCC3. Resultados e Conclusões: Em nosso estudo, os dados encontrados demonstram que ocorre dano ao DNA, após a exposição à radiação gama (ƿ=0,026). No entanto, não observamos ocorrer influência dos diferentes genótipos em ambos polimorfismos estudados, Arg399Gln e Thr241 Met, embora a presença do genótipo mutado Met/Met, parece ter indicado menor radiossensibilidade. Apesar desta diferença não ter alcançado os níveis de significância esperados, este resultado está de acordo com dados da literatura que indicam que este genótipo poderia estar associado à capacidade de reparação do DNA. Neste mesmo grupo, não encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas para aberrações cromossômicas (MN e NBUDs) após a exposição, para ambos polimorfismos, exceto para o genótipo normal Arg/Arg (ƿ=0,012), que parece ter indicado maior radiossensibilidade à exposição, estando de acordo com trabalhos da literatura, os quais demostram que, este genótipo pode ser associado com a diminuição da capacidade de reparo do DNA, apresentando níveis mais altos de quebras induzidas. As evidências de radiossensibilidade celular também podem ser explicadas pela alteração da proteína resultante do polimorfismo que não corrige os danos ao DNA, podendo aumentar o acúmulo de lesões no material genético, possivelmente pelo efeito da dose, tempo e tipo de exposição da radiação. Já no grupo de pacientes expostos à radiação X, observamos que não ocorre aumento nos níveis de danos ao DNA após a exposição (ƿ=0,004) e que não existe efeito de ambos polimorfismos estudados, exceto para o genótipo mutado Met/Met que parece determinar maior radiossensibilidade (ƿ=0,041). Para este grupo, observamos que ocorre aumento nas frequências de MN (ƿ<0,001) e NBUDs (ƿ<0,001), mas que os diferentes genótipos não influenciaram diferenças para estes achados. Para os dados de aberrações cromossômicas, encontrados neste grupo, a superexposição radiológica pode ser a interpretação dos achados, já que os detectores planos dos equipamentos utilizados aumentam em torno de 65% a exposição aos pacientes, quando comparados aos antigos intensificadores de imagens. / Introduction: Ionizing radiations produce effects on the DNA molecule and biomonitoring in vivo may be used to better assess the level of internal radiation exposure. Genotoxic agents in exposed populations generate different DNA damage, and there is a genetic variation in sensitivity to these agents. This variation can be explained by the existence of genetic polymorphisms involved in the repair process, including XRCC1 and XRCC3, responsible for maintaining genome integrity of the cell by the damage caused by mutagenic agents, such as ionizing radiation. Objective: Assess the mutagenic effects of exposure to x and gamma radiation in patients undergoing myocardial scintigraphy and coronary angioplasty and relate the possible positive result with polymorphisms of repair genes, XRCC1 and XRCC3. Materials and Methods: 57 patients exposed to gamma radiation, and 57 exposed to x radiation were selected. Analysis of genomic instability was performed by the micronucleus comet assay, and genotyping using TaqMan probe for polymorphisms XRCC1 and XRCC3 repairing genes. Results and Conclusions: In our study the data found demonstrate that DNA damage occurs after exposure to gamma radiation (ƿ=0.026). However, we did not observed influence of the different genotypes for both polymorphisms, Arg399Gln and Thr241Met, although the presence of the mutated genotype Met/Met seems to be less radiosensitive. Despite this difference did not reach statistical significance, this result is in agreement with data reported in the literature indicating that this genotype might be associated with the ability of DNA repair. In this group, we found no statistically significant differences in chromosomal aberrations (MN and NBUDs) after exposure for both polymorphisms, except for the normal genotype Arg/Arg (ƿ= 0.012), that seems to have shown greater radiosensitivity exposure, which is consistent with literature studies, which demonstrate that this genotype may be associated with decreased DNA repair capacity, showing higher levels of induced breaks. Evidence of cellular radiosensitivity may also be explained by the alteration of the protein resulting from polymorphism that does not correct the DNA damage and may increase the accumulation of lesions in the genetic material, possibly the effect of the dose, time and type of radiation exposure. In the group of patients exposed to x-radiation, we observe that no increase in the levels of DNA damage after exposure (ƿ=0.004) and that there is no effect of both polymorphisms studied, except for the mutated genotype Met / Met that seems to determine higher radiosensitivity (ƿ=0.041). For this group, we observed an increase in the frequency of MN (ƿ<0.001) and NBUDs (ƿ<0.001), but the different genotypes did not influence differences for these findings. For the data of chromosomal aberrations found in this group, radiological overexposure may be the interpretation of the findings, since the flat detectors of the equipment used increase around 65% exposure to patients, when compared to the old image intensifiers.