O gerenciamento de requisitos do cliente visa melhorar a geração de valor de empreendimentos da construção. Para isto é necessário um processo sistemático de captura de requisitos e processamento destas informações, tornando-as explícitas para a equipe de desenvolvimento do produto, bem como controlar se estas informações são devidamente equilibradas. Isto é particularmente importante quando os recursos são limitados, como em empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS). Este processo envolve uma grande quantidade de informações qualitativas, e é preciso considerar a diversidade de requisitos que normalmente existem entre os diferentes clientes envolvidos no processo. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para modelar os requisitos do cliente de empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social, com o apoio de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Este método foi concebido para apoiar os processos de tomada de decisão durante a fase de projeto, e também a avaliação de projetos que já foram concluídos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas. A primeira teve como objetivo a compreensão do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), seleção e treinamento do software para modelagem de requisitos, bem como identificação de requisitos do PMCMV e elaboração de uma versão inicial da estrutura de requisitos. Na segunda etapa realizou-se o refinamento da estrutura de requisitos para que a mesma se adaptasse aos empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social. Com os requisitos estruturados, os mesmo foram armazenados em um software BIM de gestão de requisitos e conectados com o modelo do produto EHIS B1. As principais contribuições do estudo referem-se à exploração de diferentes formas de modelagem de requisitos do cliente no contexto da construção civil, estruturação de requisitos genéricos que podem servir de base para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de habitação de interesse social, identificação dos tipos de requisitos que podem ser verificados automaticamente através do uso do software BIM selecionado, e, por fim, a identificação das principais mudanças e benefícios para o gerenciamento de requisitos quando se automatiza as etapas de modelagem dessas informações. / Client requirements management aims to improve value generation of construction projects. This requires a systematic process of capturing requirements, processing this information, and making them explicit to the product development team, as well as controlling whether these are properly balanced. This is particular important when resources are limited, such as in low-income housing projects. This process involves a large amount of qualitative information, and need to consider the diversity of requirements that usually exist among different stakeholders. This paper aims to propose a method to model client requirements in low-income housing with the support of Building Information Modeling (BIM). This method was devised to support both the decision-making processes during design stages, and also the evaluation of designs that have already been finished. The research was conducted in three stages. The first one aimed to understand the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida [My House My Life Program], selection and training of the requirements modeling software, as well as identification of the PMCMV requirements and elaboration of an initial version of the requirements structure. In the second stage the requirements structure was refined so that it could be adapted to low-income housing projects. Once the requirements were structured, they were stored in a requirements management BIM software, and connected with the product model. The main contributions of this study are concerned with the exploration different ways of modeling client requirements in the construction context, structuring of generic requirements that can be used as a basis for developing new low-income housing projects, identification of types of requirements that can be verified automatically through the use of a BIM software, and finally understanding main changes and benefits for managing requirements when the modeling process is automated.

This research dissertation investigates the level of Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing delivery in Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province. The post-apartheid South African Constitution indicates that the provision of basic services like formal housing is a basic right for all South Africans. In Limpopo Province and in particular, Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District, there is still massive shortage of Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing for the poor, despite funding being made to address this need. Millions of poor families are suffering and are still living in shacks in informal settlements. There is a backlog in the provisioning of RDP housing delivery. Low cost housing projects have been identified in Limpopo Province to address the RDP housing delivery backlog. It takes time to complete RDP houses and the communities become impatient and frustrated. The quality of completed houses is often perceived to be of unacceptable standards. This study investigates the level of RDP housing delivery in Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province. This study also identifies the challenges of RDP housing delivery experienced by Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province. Recommendations with the view of resolving problems pertaining to Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province are made. The findings from this research work identified significant challenges of RDP housing delivery experienced by Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province which needs to be addressed. In its contribution, this study made recommendations with the view of resolving problems pertaining to Disteneng (Polokwane Extension 44) Township, Capricorn District: Limpopo Province. This study in conclusion, emphasizes the need to address RDP housing backlogs and ensure that RDP houses are of good quality and that the government and all South Africans have to join hands and collectively address the problems of RDP housing delivery in South Africa.

O gerenciamento de requisitos do cliente visa melhorar a geração de valor de empreendimentos da construção. Para isto é necessário um processo sistemático de captura de requisitos e processamento destas informações, tornando-as explícitas para a equipe de desenvolvimento do produto, bem como controlar se estas informações são devidamente equilibradas. Isto é particularmente importante quando os recursos são limitados, como em empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS). Este processo envolve uma grande quantidade de informações qualitativas, e é preciso considerar a diversidade de requisitos que normalmente existem entre os diferentes clientes envolvidos no processo. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para modelar os requisitos do cliente de empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social, com o apoio de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Este método foi concebido para apoiar os processos de tomada de decisão durante a fase de projeto, e também a avaliação de projetos que já foram concluídos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas. A primeira teve como objetivo a compreensão do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), seleção e treinamento do software para modelagem de requisitos, bem como identificação de requisitos do PMCMV e elaboração de uma versão inicial da estrutura de requisitos. Na segunda etapa realizou-se o refinamento da estrutura de requisitos para que a mesma se adaptasse aos empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social. Com os requisitos estruturados, os mesmo foram armazenados em um software BIM de gestão de requisitos e conectados com o modelo do produto EHIS B1. As principais contribuições do estudo referem-se à exploração de diferentes formas de modelagem de requisitos do cliente no contexto da construção civil, estruturação de requisitos genéricos que podem servir de base para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de habitação de interesse social, identificação dos tipos de requisitos que podem ser verificados automaticamente através do uso do software BIM selecionado, e, por fim, a identificação das principais mudanças e benefícios para o gerenciamento de requisitos quando se automatiza as etapas de modelagem dessas informações. / Client requirements management aims to improve value generation of construction projects. This requires a systematic process of capturing requirements, processing this information, and making them explicit to the product development team, as well as controlling whether these are properly balanced. This is particular important when resources are limited, such as in low-income housing projects. This process involves a large amount of qualitative information, and need to consider the diversity of requirements that usually exist among different stakeholders. This paper aims to propose a method to model client requirements in low-income housing with the support of Building Information Modeling (BIM). This method was devised to support both the decision-making processes during design stages, and also the evaluation of designs that have already been finished. The research was conducted in three stages. The first one aimed to understand the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida [My House My Life Program], selection and training of the requirements modeling software, as well as identification of the PMCMV requirements and elaboration of an initial version of the requirements structure. In the second stage the requirements structure was refined so that it could be adapted to low-income housing projects. Once the requirements were structured, they were stored in a requirements management BIM software, and connected with the product model. The main contributions of this study are concerned with the exploration different ways of modeling client requirements in the construction context, structuring of generic requirements that can be used as a basis for developing new low-income housing projects, identification of types of requirements that can be verified automatically through the use of a BIM software, and finally understanding main changes and benefits for managing requirements when the modeling process is automated.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In Brazil the insufficient investments in public politics on low income housing (LIH) and the urgency in solve the great housing deficit contribute to the low building quality of the housing, which historically presents problems regarding thermal comfort and energy efficiency. The occupants are the most affected with this practice, since, in order to improve their thermal comfort, they must use artificial conditioning, which is incompatible with their incomes. This research aims to evaluate the hygrothermal performance of single-family one-floor low income housing typologies in use located in Santa Maria, southern Brazil and the thermal comfort of occupants. For this study, houses under several solar orientations were selected in three different locations of the city. The method used for the evaluation of the performance is based in requirements and criteria obtained from the mathematic calculation of thermal parameters which consider the building performance in a global basis, such as the global heat flow coefficients, the radiant asymmetry, among others. Based on the results obtained, the houses can be classified according to the achieved performance. Furthermore, the perceived thermal sensation was evaluated through the application of a questionnaire during the winter and summer periods of 2012. The satisfaction degree was assessed according the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) proposed by Fanger and standardized by the International Organization for Standardization 7730 (ISO, 1994) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE, 2004). While questionnaires were applied, indoor and outdoor air temperatures and relative humidity were measured to compare against the opinion of the interviewees. Results show that the evaluated houses present a very unsatisfying hygrothermal performance as they do not show building envelopes compatibles with the local climate. Among all the evaluated houses, those from the Residencial Zilda Arns presented best performance due to the higher thermal resistance of the roof and the possibility of ventilation. Regarding the results of the survey, the calculated hygrothermal performance reflects the opinion of the interviewees, who consider their houses thermally uncomfortable for both winter and summer. The rooms pointed as the most uncomfortable have unfavourable solar orientation a either during the summer or during the winter. Interviewees pointed the cover as the main responsible for the thermal exchanges. Besides, the low constructive quality of the housings is noted through the high and low temperatures measured during the summer and the winter. / No Brasil, os escassos investimentos em políticas públicas de habitação de interesse social (HIS) e a urgência em sanar o grande déficit habitacional presente no país atualmente, contribui com a baixa qualidade construtiva das habitações que, historicamente, apresentam problemas de conforto térmico e eficiência energética. Os moradores são os mais afetados com esta prática, visto que, para melhorarem a sensação de conforto em suas habitações, necessitam utilizar a climatização artificial, muitas vezes incompatível com a sua faixa de renda. O trabalho proposto consiste na avaliação do desempenho higrotérmico de habitações térreas unifamiliares de interesse social da cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho higrotérmico de HIS térreas unifamiliares construídas e em uso na cidade de Santa Maria, RS e o conforto térmico de seus usuários. Para o estudo, foram selecionadas habitações com diferentes orientações solares em três conjuntos habitacionais da cidade. O método utilizado para a avaliação de desempenho baseia-se em requisitos e critérios, que são obtidos a partir do cálculo matemático de parâmetros térmicos que consideram o desempenho da edificação de maneira global, tais como o coeficiente volumétrico global de perdas e ganhos de calor, a assimetria da radiação térmica, entre outros. A partir dos resultados desta avaliação, as habitações podem ser classificadas de acordo com o desempenho alcançado. Além disso, a opinião dos usuários foi avaliada através de questionários que foram aplicados no período de verão e inverno de 2012. Levantou-se o grau de satisfação segundo o Voto Médio Estimado (PMV Predicted Mean Vote) proposto por Fanger e normalizado pela International Organization for Standardization 7730 (ISO, 1994) e American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE, 2004). Juntamente com a aplicação dos questionários, foram medidas as temperaturas internas e externas e as umidades relativas para comparar com a opinião dos entrevistados. Os resultados apontam que as habitações avaliadas apresentam desempenho higrotérmico insatisfatório, pois não apresentam fechamentos compatíveis com o clima local. Entre todas as edificações avaliadas, as habitações do Residencial Zilda Arns apresentam desempenho superior devido a maior resistência térmica da cobertura e a possibilidade de ventilação deste fechamento. Em relação aos resultados das entrevistas, pode-se perceber que o desempenho higrotérmico calculado reflete a opinião dos entrevistados que consideram suas habitações termicamente desconfortáveis para os dois períodos climáticos. Os cômodos apontados como os mais desconfortáveis são aqueles que possuem orientação solar mais desfavorável para verão e inverno. A cobertura foi apontada pelos moradores como o principal elemento responsável pelas trocas térmicas pela edificação. Além disso, percebe-se o mau desempenho térmico das habitações através das altas temperaturas mensuradas no interior das habitações durante o verão e as baixas temperaturas verificadas no inverno.

O gerenciamento de requisitos do cliente visa melhorar a geração de valor de empreendimentos da construção. Para isto é necessário um processo sistemático de captura de requisitos e processamento destas informações, tornando-as explícitas para a equipe de desenvolvimento do produto, bem como controlar se estas informações são devidamente equilibradas. Isto é particularmente importante quando os recursos são limitados, como em empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS). Este processo envolve uma grande quantidade de informações qualitativas, e é preciso considerar a diversidade de requisitos que normalmente existem entre os diferentes clientes envolvidos no processo. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para modelar os requisitos do cliente de empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social, com o apoio de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Este método foi concebido para apoiar os processos de tomada de decisão durante a fase de projeto, e também a avaliação de projetos que já foram concluídos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas. A primeira teve como objetivo a compreensão do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), seleção e treinamento do software para modelagem de requisitos, bem como identificação de requisitos do PMCMV e elaboração de uma versão inicial da estrutura de requisitos. Na segunda etapa realizou-se o refinamento da estrutura de requisitos para que a mesma se adaptasse aos empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social. Com os requisitos estruturados, os mesmo foram armazenados em um software BIM de gestão de requisitos e conectados com o modelo do produto EHIS B1. As principais contribuições do estudo referem-se à exploração de diferentes formas de modelagem de requisitos do cliente no contexto da construção civil, estruturação de requisitos genéricos que podem servir de base para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de habitação de interesse social, identificação dos tipos de requisitos que podem ser verificados automaticamente através do uso do software BIM selecionado, e, por fim, a identificação das principais mudanças e benefícios para o gerenciamento de requisitos quando se automatiza as etapas de modelagem dessas informações. / Client requirements management aims to improve value generation of construction projects. This requires a systematic process of capturing requirements, processing this information, and making them explicit to the product development team, as well as controlling whether these are properly balanced. This is particular important when resources are limited, such as in low-income housing projects. This process involves a large amount of qualitative information, and need to consider the diversity of requirements that usually exist among different stakeholders. This paper aims to propose a method to model client requirements in low-income housing with the support of Building Information Modeling (BIM). This method was devised to support both the decision-making processes during design stages, and also the evaluation of designs that have already been finished. The research was conducted in three stages. The first one aimed to understand the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida [My House My Life Program], selection and training of the requirements modeling software, as well as identification of the PMCMV requirements and elaboration of an initial version of the requirements structure. In the second stage the requirements structure was refined so that it could be adapted to low-income housing projects. Once the requirements were structured, they were stored in a requirements management BIM software, and connected with the product model. The main contributions of this study are concerned with the exploration different ways of modeling client requirements in the construction context, structuring of generic requirements that can be used as a basis for developing new low-income housing projects, identification of types of requirements that can be verified automatically through the use of a BIM software, and finally understanding main changes and benefits for managing requirements when the modeling process is automated.

Section 26 of the Constitution of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 provides that housing is a basic human right and that the government must take reasonable legislative and other measures to achieve the realisation of this right. A number of measures were taken to try to resolve this socio-economic issue. A number of housing institutions were established , various pieces of legislation were passed and housing subsidies were provided. However, housing backlogs remain a challenge. In March 1994 the housing backlog was estimated between 1,3 and 1,8 million units. When more than a million houses were provided by 2001 , the housing backlog had increased to between 2 and 3 million houses. To date subsidies in excess of R29 billion have been spent on housing provision. A study by the Department of Housing concluded that, at the current rate of increase of housing funding vis-a-vis the growing backlog and rapid urbanisation, the household backlog will not be changed in ten years' time. The United States of America (USA) had a similar low cost housing problem, but securitisation alleviated it with the participation of government agencies Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac. In South Africa, the NHFC tried to emulate the USA model by establishing Gateway Home Loans (Pty) Limited (Gateway) in 1999. Gateway, however, was not a success. This research investigates whether securitisation can be applied in South Africa to alleviate the low cost housing issue. The study finds that there is a credit availability gap for the low income sector earning less than R8 000 per month because of the perceived risk of default and unwillingness by banks to lend to this sector. The increase in housing backlog that continues unabated, inadequate housing finance system to low income earners, the lessons learnt from the failure of Gateway, the success factors of the USA securitisation model and the sound and sophisticated South African financial system are the rationale for applying securitisation. A proposal of how to effectively apply securitisation to low cost housing in South Africa is provided with recommendations to revive the primary market.

The study investigates problems and challenges that, the Nyandeni local municipality faces in terms of housing delivery to its communities. The purpose is to look at the factors that affect housing delivery at Nyandeni local municipality in the Extension 4 Housing Project in Ngqeleni and what can be done in order to improve it. The housing development at Nyandeni Local Municipality is not up to standard, the situation is worse in rural areas where there is not a single rural housing project that has been implemented thus far instead, there is a lack of infrastructure and other essential services. This is a serious problem that the Nyandeni local municipality faces, as a result the most vulnerable people are the poorest of the poor particularly those residing in rural areas. The study has investigated housing delivery at Nyandeni local municipality with reference to the Extension 4 Housing Project in Ngqeleni. The investigation indicates that there are serious challenges facing housing delivery. Hence the beneficiaries of the project could not get their houses in time and the project could not be completed within the scheduled period.

The study was undertaken to satisfy the following objectives of the research study: To determine the livelihoods of residents of a low income housing development;  To assess the role played by the local economic development initiatives in the Kuyga community; and  To make recommendations regarding policies and actions that could reduce the unemployment rate and create sustainable and viable livelihoods for the Kuyga community in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. To note, what triggered the researcher to undertake the study, are the high levels of unemployment, poverty and poor monitoring of the local economic initiatives within the area. In this study, the researcher explores the livelihoods of the Kuyga community and the opportunities for creating more sustainable and viable livelihoods. Attention is drawn to Government policies, Local economic Development as well as Integrated Development Plans of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, simultaneously realising that the South African government cannot work in isolation to deliver all the community needs effectively as expected.

No description available.

As a mega-city and the most populated city in Africa, Cairo is characterised by a high birth rate, escalating rural-urban migration and where the socio-economic services are centralized and overwhelmed, these generally poor migrants have no choice other than to create and develop their own informal shelter in the outer city areas that lay farthest from the reach of the authorities and from where they then search for better job opportunities. The expansion of these slum areas places an extra burden on the already deteriorated natural and unplanned urban environments. No government or public sector mass production housing units . inherited from the former socialist system . have been able to cope with the magnitude of housing demand nor is the private sector interested in investing in a non-profitable market. At this juncture there is an urgent requirement for new ways of thinking that address the realities of the situation and consider integrated socioeconomic long-term solutions for the informal settlements. Under the Egyptian-German Cooperation, GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit) proposed the Participatory Urban Upgrading Program as a possible means of addressing the problem which is based on stimulation, promotion and effective participation of local communities in the upgrading process. The Participatory Urban Upgrading Program operates at two levels, (i) the local level: through .Demonstration projects. to be applied to a limited geographical area. Ezbet Bekhit Demonstration Project is the case of the present study and (ii) the national level: the experiences gained through several .Demonstration Projects. will give substance, and thereby prominence to the participatory approach, so that the Program has an increasingly beneficial impact on the national policy. The experiences gained from Ezbet Bekhit Upgrading Project will offer the opportunity to examine the main concept expressed by the Program and increase the prospects of having an impact on the urban upgrading policy at the national level. The current study attempts to develop and assess the overall Participatory Upgrading Programme and Ezbet Bekhit Project within a framework of benchmarks extracted from the program concept. At the Project level, the focus of thesis analysis is based on aspects that explain the Project’s approach to solving basic problems. Attention is placed on the involvement of local inhabitants in the solutions at the planning and implementation levels. A Model of Community Participation is proposed for application in a selected upgrading component. The Model is based on the .Community Action Planning., which has been developed by Hamdi and Goethert as an appropriate planning tool that can stimulate and organize a non-cohesive community type. At the Program level, recommendations are presented in this study, which have been extracted from the main pillars of the Program concept and characterized the driving forces influencing the main objectives and orientating the goals of the upgrading projects. It is contended that an in-depth understanding and analysis of the specific socio-economic conditions and the community profile of the selected informal settlements; together with an explicit governmental policy supporting the Participatory Urban Upgrading Approach will enhance the success of Participatory Projects.