Technogenic pollution level with heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn) of different pedogenesis Luvisols by various physical chemical methods estimated. Their sorption capacity in soils clay fraction (< 0,005 mm) analyzed. The results obtained permitted to carry out the theoretical and experimental modeling of heavy metals sorption in clay fraction of Luvisols. There was determined that it’s heavy metals sorption capacity makes up to 2000 mg kg-1.

Tiriamojo darbo objektas – ūkyje auginamų raudonųjų dobilų/daugiamečių svidrių, raudonųjų dobilų/pašarinių motiejukų, ir raudonųjų dobilų/tikrųjų eraičinų fitocenozės. Tyrimo tikslas – Atlikti raudonųjų dobilų/daugiamečių svidrių, raudonųjų dobilų/pašarinių motiejukų ir raudonųjų dobilų/tikrųjų eraičinų fitocenozių analizę priemolio išplautžemyje. Tyrimo metodika - Tyrimai vykdyti Plungės rajone. Tirti raudonųjų dobilų/daugiamečių svidrių, raudonųjų dobilų/pašarinių motiejukų ir raudonųjų dobilų/tikrųjų eraičinų žolynai. Botaninė žolyno sudėtis nustatoma svorio metodu, paimant mėginius iš kiekvieno lauko. Pavyzdžiai imami iš daugelio vietų. Analizuojant žolės suskirstomos į botanines grupes: varpines, ankštines ir įvairiažoles. Prie įvairiažolių dedamos piktžolės ir nesėtos tame lauke žolės. Jei yra kelios ankštinės žolės, tai jos išskiriamos ir pasveriamos atskirai. Žolės, suskirstytos į grupes, džiovinamos iki orasausės būklės ir pasveriamos. Po to apskaičiuojamas procentas sausųjų medžiagų derliuje. Žolyno derliui nustatyti pavyzdžiai buvo imami taip pat kaip ir botaninei sudėčiai sudaryti. Atliktos dvi pjūtys. Duomenys skaičiuoti pagal programą STAT-ENG Tarakanovas, Raudonius, 2003/. Tyrimo rezultatai. Trijuose skirtinguose žolynuose raudonųjų dobilų kiekis buvo skirtingas. Raudonieji dobilai, pasėti su daugiametėmis svidrėmis, žolyne sudarė 76,5 %. Daugiamečių svidrių buvo 20,6%. Raudonųjų dobilų/pašarinių motiejukų žolyne taip pat vyravo raudonieji dobilai. Jie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of investigation – pulses/spica herbage, botanical composition and yield. Purpose of investigation is to analyze pulse/spica herbage in an ecological farm and provide measures to preserve pulses in herbage. Methods of investigation – Investigation has been carried out in Plungė District. Red clovers/perennial ryegrass, red clovers/feeding timothy grass and red clovers/fescue grass have been investigated. Botanical composition of herbage is estimated using the method of weight, when samples from each field are taken. Samples are taken from various places of a field. While analysing herbage is brought under botanical groups: spica, pulses and various other. Various other herbs consist of weeds and self-sown grass. If there are several kinds of pulses, they are separated and weighted separately. Drawn into several groups herbage are air-dried and weighted. Then the percentage of dry substances in yield is calculated. Herbage for the establishment of yield has been collected in the same way as for botanical composition. Two harvests have been fulfilled. Data have been calculated using programme STAT-ENG Tarakanovas, Raudonius, 2003/. Results of investigation. The amount of red clover in three fields has been different. Red clovers sown together with perennial ryegrass have made 76,5 % in herbage. Perennial ryegrass have amounted to 20,6%. Red clovers have prevailed in red clovers/feeding timothy grass herbage. They have made 57,1%. Feeding timothy grass has grown quite... [to full text]

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-05T14:42:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elis Regina Guimaraes Camara.pdf: 4238472 bytes, checksum: db9cbd9a8d649eff24b6588125b239b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elis Regina Guimaraes Camara.pdf: 4238472 bytes, checksum: db9cbd9a8d649eff24b6588125b239b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In the Northeast, the semiarid region presents areas susceptible to desertification. Are areas known as Nuclei of Desertification and these compromotem 20% of the region. The Cabrobó desertification Center, belongs to the state of Pernambuco and is inserted in the geo-environmental unit Country Depression. In this environment the predominant soils and associated with the most impacted areas are Luvisols and Planosols. The study aimed to characterize morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphologically Luvisols and Planosols spread over a segment located in Cabrobó desertification core inserted in the Country Depression from a lithological variation, as well as understand the pedogenic processes involved in the formation of these soils. chemical analysis (pH, exchangeable cations, available phosphorus, exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, organic carbon); physical (grain size, water dispersible clay and flocculation), selective extractions with DCB and ammonium oxalate; chemical composition analysis by fluorescence X-rays; mineralogical analysis by diffraction of X-rays (fraction sand and clay); micromorphological analyzes and petrographic analyzes. Despite quite different lithologies, soils presented mineralogical composition very similar clay minerals. The sand fraction presented quarzto and feldspar and clay fraction with smectite (beidelita, nontronite and montmorillonite), and mica, vermiculite and kaolinite. The distribution of Luvisols and Planosols in the study area is associated with the lithology, regardless of their position in the landscape, where Luvisols are formed by basic rocks and Planosols by acid rocks. The clay formation in situ (argilic) seems to be the main process responsible for the formation of the B horizon in both soils. The expressive textural difference between the A and B horizons is possibly related to the elutriation and pedimentation process on the horizon training A. The smectite main mineral found in the clay fraction of the subsurface layers Luvisols was nontronite. / No Nordeste, a região semiárida, apresenta áreas susceptíveis à desertificação. São áreas conhecidas como Núcleos de Desertificação e estas compromotem 20% da região. O Núcleo de desertificação de Cabrobó, pertence ao estado de Pernambuco e está inserido na unidade geoambiental da Depressão Sertaneja. Neste ambiente os solos predominantes e associados às áreas mais impactadas são Luvissolos e Planossolos. O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfológica, física, química, mineralógica e micromorfologicamente Luvissolos e Planossolos, distribuídos ao longo de um segmento localizado no Núcleo de desertificação de Cabrobó inserido na Depressão Sertaneja a partir de uma variação litológica, bem como compreender os processos pedogenéticos envolvidos na formação desses solos. Foram realizadas análises químicas (pH, cátions trocáveis, fósforo disponível, alumínio trocável, acidez potencial, carbono orgânico); física (granulometria, argila dispersa em água e grau de floculação), extrações seletivas com DCB e oxalato de amônio; análise da composição química por fluorescência de raios-X; análises mineralógicas por difração de raios-X (fração areia e argila); análises micromorfológicas e análises petrográficas. Apesar das litologias bastantes distintas, os solos apresentaram composição mineralógica de argilominerais bastante semelhantes. A fração areia apresentou quarzto e feldspatos e a fração argila com esmectitas (beidelita, nontronita e montmorilonita), além de mica, vermiculita e caulinita. A distribuição de Luvissolos e Planossolos na área estudada está associada à litologia, independente de sua posição na paisagem, onde Luvissolos são formados pelas rochas básicas e os Planossolos pelas rochas ácidas. A formação de argila in situ (argilização) parece ser o principal processo responsável pela formação do horizonte B em ambos os solos. A diferença textural expressiva entre os horizontes A e B possivelmente está relacionada ao processo de elutriação e pedimentação na formação do horizonte A. O principal mineral esmectítico encontrado na fração argila nos horizontes subsuperficiais dos Luvissolos foi nontronita.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The objective was to assess the changes promoted in the stocks and flows of C and N from the soil by farming systems agroforestry (agrosilvipasture - AGP and silvipasture - SILV) and traditional (TR), compared to natural vegetation of Caatinga (VN), after 13 years, the experiment was installed on a typical Ortic Chromic Luvisol, the city of Sobral, CearÃ. Soil samples were collected at depths 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, relief in four replicates per. Was determined by the total carbon carbon (TOC); total nitrogen (NT) and bulk density. The gas flow was measured using an analyzer in the field of O2, CO2, NO / NO x and SO 2 (UNIGAS Eurotron 3000). To this end, were used for still cameras based on galvanized steel and PVC cover installed in the field. The sampling was done in three replicates, considering the relief plan, convex and concave in each study situation. For each determination were performed triplicate, totaling nine chambers for relief. Soil samples were collected for determination of soil bulk density (Ds) and particle (Dp) and gravimetric moisture (Ug), which allowed the calculation of total porosity (Pt) and the pore space filled with water (EPPA). Among the agroforestry systems studied, the silvipasture, long-term, promoted greater reductions in C stocks and N, the system promoted agrossilvipastroil lower losses and represents a sustainable alternative to sequestration of soil C and N in the Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The traditional cropping system provided a reduction of 58.87 and 9.57 (Mg ha-1), which meant, a reduction of 6.5 and 1.06 (Mg ha-1), for those of TOC and TN, respectively. These results demonstrate the inadequacy of this system for the Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The concave topography (AGP) and flat (SILV) showed the highest values of TOC. For NT the concave shape (VN, AGP, and SILV) showed the highest values. Flows of C-CO2 varied with the time, AGP and SILV being similar to NV in the wet season, while in the dry season are higher. The TR has a different behavior, being higher during the wet season and similar to AGP and SILV in the dry. The flow behavior of NO present without a tendency similar to C-CO2: AGP and SILV presents similar to each other in the wet season, but smaller than VN. During the dry SILV and VN are larger than AGP. In TR NO was not detected in the two periods. The convex shape of relief TR system showed the highest values of C-CO2 fluxes in the wet season. In the dry season were found higher values of C-CO2 flows in AGP, SILV and RT, compared to NV flat terrain. Soil moisture was the variable most correlated with the fluxes of NO, what might be observed in systems SILV and AGP and VN convex reliefs. / Objetivou-se avaliar as alteraÃÃes promovidas nos estoques e fluxos de C e N do solo por sistemas agrÃcolas agroflorestais (Agrossilvipastoril â AGP e Silvipastoril â SILV) e tradicional (TR), comparativamente à vegetaÃÃo natural de Caatinga (VN), apÃs 13 anos, em experimento instalado sobre um Luvissolo CrÃmico Ãrtico tÃpico, no municÃpio de Sobral, CearÃ. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, em quatro repetiÃÃes, considerando os relevos plano, convexo e cÃncavo em cada situaÃÃo de estudo. Nestas amostras foram determinados o carbono orgÃnico total do solo (COT), nitrogÃnio total (NT), densidades do solo (Ds) e de partÃcula (Dp) e a umidade gravimÃtrica (Ug), o que possibilitou o cÃlculo da porosidade total (Pt) e o espaÃo poroso preenchido por Ãgua (EPPA). O fluxo dos gases foi quantificado no campo utilizando um analisador de O2, CO2, NO/NOX e SO2 (UnigÃs Eurotron 3000). Para tanto, foram utilizadas cÃmaras estÃticas com base de aÃo galvanizado e tampa de PVC instaladas no campo em triplicatas, totalizando nove cÃmaras por relevo. Entre os sistemas agroflorestais estudados, o silvipastoril, em longo prazo, promoveu maiores reduÃÃes nos estoques de C e N, enquanto que agrossilvipastoril promoveu menores perdas, representando uma alternativa sustentÃvel para o sequestro de C e N do solo nas condiÃÃes semiÃridas brasileira. O sistema de cultivo tradicional (TR) apresentou reduÃÃo no perÃodo 13 anos de 58,87 e 9,57 Mg ha-1 (6,5 e 1,06 Mg ha-1 ano-1) dos estoques de COT e NT, respectivamente, o que comprova a nÃo adequaÃÃo deste sistema para as condiÃÃes semiÃridas brasileiras. Os relevos cÃncavo (AGP) e plano (SILV) apresentaram os maiores valores de estoques de COT, enquanto que para o NT, a forma cÃncava apresentou os maiores valores, no caso VN, AGP e SILV. Os fluxos de C-CO2 variaram com a Ãpoca, sendo AGP e SILV semelhantes à VN no perÃodo Ãmido, enquanto no perÃodo seco estes mesmos sistemas foram maiores. O TR apresenta comportamento diferenciado, sendo maior no perÃodo Ãmido e semelhante ao AGP e SILV no seco. Os fluxos de NO apresentaram comportamento com tendÃncia diferente do C-CO2: AGP e SILV apresentaram-se semelhantes entre si no perÃodo Ãmido, porÃm menores que VN. No perÃodo seco, SILV e VN foram maiores que AGP. No TR, o NO nÃo foi detectado nos dois perÃodos. O relevo convexo no TR apresentou os maiores valores de fluxos de C-CO2 no perÃodo Ãmido. No perÃodo seco foram encontrados maiores valores de fluxos de C-CO2 em AGP, SILV e TR em relaÃÃo à VN no relevo plano. A umidade do solo foi a variÃvel que mais se correlacionou com os fluxos de NO, o que pÃde ser observado nos sistemas SILV e AGP e na VN relevos convexos.

In the long-term fertilization experiment on the light sandy loam over moraine clay (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols) there were the integrated evaluation of the changes in arable layer done and the estimation of the tendencies and consistent patterns in the productivity of crop plants performed. The obtained research results of the organic, organic-mineral and mineral fertilization impact on the Gleyic Luvisols bulk density, porosity and composition of aggregates, the changes in qualitative composition of organic matter and humus, the phosphorus and it fractions, the soil nitrogen accumulation, the potassium and also the productivity of crop plants in 4-year crop rotation are novel. The performed research also gained the knowledge on the main properties and productivity of the Gleyic Luvisols and on the technology patterns within the soil-fertilisers-plant systems evaluation. The mentioned aspects are actual in the agriculture within the tendencies of decreasing in the extent of fertile soil sources. On the bases of the long-term researches in the Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols there were either determined the proper fertilisation systems not only for the obtaining of the consistent crop plant productivity but also for the estimating the certain stabilisation and improving of soil use and productivity parameters. The estimated consistents could be further used in performing the fertilisation recommendations, thus, the fertilisation then could correspond the requirements... [to full text] / Daugiamečiame tręšimo bandyme, karbonatingame sekliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje, taikant skirtingas tręšimo sistemas, kompleksiškai ištirti armens pokyčiai bei sėjomainos augalų derlingumo tendencijos bei dėsningumai. Gauti nauji tyrimų duomenys apie organinių, organinių-mineralinių ir mineralinių trąšų poveikį glėjiškųjų išplautžemių tankiui, poringumui ir struktūriniams agregatams, organinės medžiagos ir humuso kokybinės sudėties pokyčiams, fosforo ir jo frakcijų pasiskirstymui, o taip pat jo azotingumui, kalingumui, bei augalų derlingumui keturlaukėje sėjomainoje. Šiais moksliniais tyrimais pagilintos žinios apie glėjiškųjų išplautžemių pagrindines savybes bei našumą, išsiaiškintos technologinių grandžių reikšmė apytakos procesų cikle dirvožemis-trąšos-augalas, kas yra aktualu mažėjant žemės ūkio paskirties derlingos žemės ištekliams. Karbonatingajame sekliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje daugiamečių tyrimų pagrindu išaiškintos tinkamiausios tręšimo sistemos ne tik pastoviam žemės ūkio augalų derliui gauti, bet ir užtikrinančios racionalų šio dirvožemio naudojimą bei jo našumo parametrų stabilizavimą ir gerinimą. Nustatytus dėsningumus galima taikyti rengiant rekomendacijas tręšimui, kurios atitiktų keliamus reikalavimus siekiant užtikrinti taršos mažinimą iš žemės ūkio šaltinių bei palaikytų ir gerintų glėjiškųjų išplautžemių derlingumą.