Armoede, ongelykheid en werkloosheid word as die drie vernaamste maatskaplike probleme in Suid-Afrika beskou (Pennington, 2013). Wetgewing en beleidsdokumente gee dus voorkeur-aandag aan hierdie kwesbare groepe en maatskaplike kwessies (Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan, 2011; Witskrif vir Maatskaplike Welsyn, 1997). Om aandag aan hierdie spesifieke uitdagings te skenk, is 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte paradigma in maatskaplike werk aanvaar (Lombard, 2008:162). Die uitdaging vir maatskaplike werkers is om die vaardighede te bekom sodat hulle volhoubare oplossings in hierdie konteks kan vind. Maatskaplike dienslewering in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks moet talle praktiese uitdagings hanteer. Dit sluit in 'n tekort aan maatskaplike werkers en hoë gevalleladings. Hoewel daar van maatskaplike werkers verwag word om binne 'n bepaalde statutêre raamwerk te werk, word die doeltreffende implementering van wetgewing deur die ernstige tekort aan maatskaplike werkers bedreig. Om te verseker dat maatskaplike werkers toegerus is om die eise van 'n praktyk te kan hanteer, is 'n nuwe kurrikulum vir die opleiding van Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplike werkers ontwikkel. Hierdie Baccalaureus in Maatskaplike Werk-kwalifikasie is spesifiek ontwerp om aan maatskaplike werkers ‟n begrip te gee van die impak wat die politieke en sosio-ekonomiese konteks op maatskaplike welsyn het en om vanuit 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte paradigma te werk. Die belangrikheid van praktykopleiding as 'n integrale deel van opleiding in maatskaplike werk deur die integrasie van teorie en praktyk kan nie geïgnoreer word nie (Gursansky & Le Sueur, 2012; Kadushin, 1992). Praktykopleiding word as 'n noodsaaklike komponent van die opleiding van maatskaplike werkers beskou. Die navorsingsdoel van hierdie studie was om 'n kwalitatiewe verkennende en beskrywende studie te onderneem van die persepsies van praktykopleiers ten opsigte van die huidige stand van maatskaplikewerk-praktykopleiding. Doelgerigte en nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefseleksie is gebruik om die deelnemers te bepaal. Data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesamel en hierdie onderhoude is getranskribeer om die data te kan ontleed. Drie temas met subtemas is uit die data geïdentifiseer en bespreek, en met literatuur oor die onderwerp vergelyk. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is op grond van die temas gedoen. Daar word verwag dat die bevindinge van hierdie studie moontlik kan bydra tot verdere debat, navorsing en die ontwikkeling van beleid sodat maatskaplikewerkstudente in Suid-Afrika beter voorberei kan word om die eise van die praktyk te kan hanteer. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Armoede, ongelykheid en werkloosheid word as die drie vernaamste maatskaplike probleme in Suid-Afrika beskou (Pennington, 2013). Wetgewing en beleidsdokumente gee dus voorkeur-aandag aan hierdie kwesbare groepe en maatskaplike kwessies (Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan, 2011; Witskrif vir Maatskaplike Welsyn, 1997). Om aandag aan hierdie spesifieke uitdagings te skenk, is 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte paradigma in maatskaplike werk aanvaar (Lombard, 2008:162). Die uitdaging vir maatskaplike werkers is om die vaardighede te bekom sodat hulle volhoubare oplossings in hierdie konteks kan vind. Maatskaplike dienslewering in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks moet talle praktiese uitdagings hanteer. Dit sluit in 'n tekort aan maatskaplike werkers en hoë gevalleladings. Hoewel daar van maatskaplike werkers verwag word om binne 'n bepaalde statutêre raamwerk te werk, word die doeltreffende implementering van wetgewing deur die ernstige tekort aan maatskaplike werkers bedreig. Om te verseker dat maatskaplike werkers toegerus is om die eise van 'n praktyk te kan hanteer, is 'n nuwe kurrikulum vir die opleiding van Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplike werkers ontwikkel. Hierdie Baccalaureus in Maatskaplike Werk-kwalifikasie is spesifiek ontwerp om aan maatskaplike werkers ‟n begrip te gee van die impak wat die politieke en sosio-ekonomiese konteks op maatskaplike welsyn het en om vanuit 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte paradigma te werk. Die belangrikheid van praktykopleiding as 'n integrale deel van opleiding in maatskaplike werk deur die integrasie van teorie en praktyk kan nie geïgnoreer word nie (Gursansky & Le Sueur, 2012; Kadushin, 1992). Praktykopleiding word as 'n noodsaaklike komponent van die opleiding van maatskaplike werkers beskou. Die navorsingsdoel van hierdie studie was om 'n kwalitatiewe verkennende en beskrywende studie te onderneem van die persepsies van praktykopleiers ten opsigte van die huidige stand van maatskaplikewerk-praktykopleiding. Doelgerigte en nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefseleksie is gebruik om die deelnemers te bepaal. Data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesamel en hierdie onderhoude is getranskribeer om die data te kan ontleed. Drie temas met subtemas is uit die data geïdentifiseer en bespreek, en met literatuur oor die onderwerp vergelyk. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is op grond van die temas gedoen. Daar word verwag dat die bevindinge van hierdie studie moontlik kan bydra tot verdere debat, navorsing en die ontwikkeling van beleid sodat maatskaplikewerkstudente in Suid-Afrika beter voorberei kan word om die eise van die praktyk te kan hanteer. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

M.A. (Social Work : Clinical) / Please refer to full text to view abstract.

Maatskaplike Werk, as die uiting van n samelewing se bemoeienis met mense in nood, word vir baie dekades reeds deur welsynsinstansies beoefen. Welsynsinstansies is egter nie vir alle persone in nood aanvaarbaar nie, sodat diegene in die middel- en hoer inkomstegroepe nie juis by maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening uitkom nie. In die VSA is dieselfde verskynsel gehanteer deur die instelling van maatskaplikewerk-privaatpraktyk, wat tans daar n omvangryke en gevestigde hulpverleningstruktuur is. Sedert 1970 het maatskaplike werkers in Suid-Afrika begin om privaatpraktyk te oorweeg en het selfs daarmee begin eksperimenteer. Dog, uiteenlopende standpunte, hetsy evolusionere of revolusionere beskouings, word daaroor gehandhaaf. Die doel van die ondersoeke is dus om te bepaal of privaatpraktyk in Maatskaplike Werk bestaansreg het, of dit beskikbaar en in privaatpraktyk bruikbaar is. Uit die bevindings kan n model vir die instelling en instandhouding van n lewenskragtige praktyk ontwikkel word. Die ondersoek het bestaan uit n literatuurstudie en n empiriese opname in ses stede van die land onder drie teikensisteme, naamlik maatskaplikewerkers (privaatpraktisyns) en nie-privaatpraktisyns) , kliente van welsynsorganisasies en privaatpraktyke en lede van vyf ander hulpprofessies. n Studiereis is na die VSA onderneem om privaatpraktyke te bestudeer en n vergelykingsbasis vir die Suid-Afrikaanse bevindings te kry. Resultate uit die ondersoek dui daarop dat privaatpraktyk, as hulpverleningstruktuur, n realiteit in die maatskaplikewerk- professie is wat nie genegeer kan word nie. Die bestaansreg daarvan is teoreties kwalifiseerbaar, terwyl die nodige sisteme bestaan om maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening privaat en onafhanklik van welsynsinstansies aan te bied. Privaatpraktisyns verlang n infrastruktuur om hulle dienste beter te organiseer, terwyl 97,8% van die nie-privaat-praktisyns ten gunste van privaatpraktyk is, omdat dit n groter beroepskeuse bied en die professie se selfstandige optrede bevestig. Verbruikers van privaatpraktyk-dienste is oorwegend tevrede, maar as gevolg van beperkte fondse kan die meeste welsynsorganisasie-kliente nie privaatpraktyk-dienste benut nie. Lede van die ander hulpprofessies dra nie voldoende kennis van die maatskaplikewerk-hulpbron nie, maar is oor die algemeen positief daaroor, hoewel net 52,9% voorsien om dit te benut. Indien maatskaplike werkers die nodige opleiding ondergaan, konstruktief beplan, besigheidsbeginsels inkorporeer, die diens bekendstel en kwaliteitdienste lewer, is n lewenskragtige praktyk verseker. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 1984. / gm2014 / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

In South Africa, commitment to switch to the developmental approach with the aim of alleviating poverty and integrating social and economic development is evident in the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997), the Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), the Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), the Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) and the Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). These policy documents attempt to integrate social development goals and economic development within a developmental approach to social welfare. The social development approach to social welfare in the South African context is firmly rooted in a rights-based approach. Its goals include achieving social justice, a minimum standard of living, equitable access and equal opportunity to services and benefits, and a commitment to meeting the needs of all South Africans with a special emphasis on the needs of the most disadvantaged people in the society. The right to dignity for all citizens is the core of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108/1996). This basic human rights value endorses the inherent worth of all human beings, as well as equity without bias based on gender, race or religion. In addition to this, the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997) states that social welfare services and programmes must be based on respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms as articulated in the Constitution of the country. The social developmental approach is relevant as it embraces human rights values and ensures socio-economic development. It is therefore of immense importance for the social work profession to incorporate the new approach into its professional interventions. The research tool was administered to the social work practitioners who are in the employment of the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province. The respondents confirmed that the developmental approach to welfare was essential and has been adopted, as reflected on the policy documents and frameworks that guide service delivery. Implementation of the developmental approach in practice, however, poses some challenges as the model has not yet been adopted by some practitioners who have to implement policy. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the current implementation of a developmental social welfare approach. The objectives of this research study were the following: <ul> <li> to conceptualise theoretically the social developmental approach within the field of social welfare;</li> <li> to explore and describe social workers’ experiences regarding the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice;</li> <li> to identify the challenges social workers are experiencing in the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice; and</li> <li> to make recommendations, based on the research findings, to enhance the effective implementation of a developmental social welfare approach in social work.</li> Against this background the study was guided by the following research question: <li> What are the experiences of social work practitioners regarding the implementation of a developmental social welfare approach within the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province?</li> </ul> A qualitative research approach was used to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the implementation of a social developmental approach. Applied research focuses on problem solving in practice and emphasizes the participation of the people who are experiencing a problem, by involving them in finding the solution to the problem. In this study applied research was applicable to contribute towards solving the problems related to the implementation of the developmental approach in practice. In the context of qualitative research the collective case study design was utilized as the most appropriate case study design, because the researcher wanted to further her understanding of a ‘social issue’ namely the implementation of the social developmental approach to social welfare services. The data collection method entailed focus group discussions. Qualitative data was collected through interviews of group members. The participants were social workers within the Department of Social Development employed in the five regions of Gauteng Province. There was one focus group, consisting of 10 participants, in each region; thus the researcher conducted five focus groups with 50 participants in total. The researcher utilized a combination of stratified and systematic sampling to select the participants for the five focus groups. The process used in data collection for the study entailed initially a pilot study which was used to test the focus group interview schedule among respondents who were not included in the focus group discussions that were held for data collection for the study. Using the Creswell method of data analysis, the data that was collected in the focus group discussions was subsequently analysed, interpreted and finally displayed in the form of themes and subthemes. The goal of the study was definitely achieved as the study determined not only that there is a need for ongoing training and reorientation of social workers toward the implementation of the developmental approach in practice, but also the revelation that there is a need to develop an action plan and clear procedure guidelines on how to implement the approach in practice, at national level. From a qualitative perspective, it is thus recommended that a procedure guideline and a national plan to implement the social developmental approach in practice should be developed in order to enhance the implementation process. AFRIKAANS : In Suid-Afrika is die toewyding om om te skakel na die ontwikkelings-benadering, met die doel om armoede op te hef en die maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer, duidelik te lese in die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997), die Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), die Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), die Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) en die Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). Hierdie beleidsdokumente poog om maatskaplike doelwitte en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer binne ’n ontwikkelingsbenadering tot maatskaplike welsyn. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-beleid tot maatskaplike welsyn stewig geanker in ’n regte-gebaseerde benadering. Die doelstellings hiervan sluit in die bereiking van maatskaplike geregtigheid, ’n minimum-lewenstandaard, billike toegang en gelyke geleentheid tot dienste en voordele, en ’n verbintenis om in die behoeftes van alle Suid-Afrikaners te voorsien, met besondere klem op die behoeftes van die mees benadeelde mense in die samelewing. Die reg tot waardigheid vir alle burgers is die kern van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Akte 108/1996). Hierdie basiese menseregtewaarde onderskryf die inherente waarde van alle mense, asook gelykheid sonder vooroordeel gegrond op gender, ras of geloof. Daarbenewens stel die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997) dat maatskaplike welsynsdienste en –programme gegrond moet wees op respek vir menseregte en fundamentele vryhede, soos uiteengesit in die land se Grondwet. Die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering is relevant omdat dit menseregte omarm en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling verseker. Dit is daarom van ontsaglike belang vir die beroep maatskaplike werk om hierdie nuwe benadering in sy professionele bemoeienis te inkorporeer. Die navorsingshulpbron is beskikbaar gestel aan die maatskaplike werkers in diens van die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie. Die respondente het bevestig dat die ontwikkelings-benadering tot welsyn noodsaaklik is en dat dit aangeneem is, soos gereflekteer word in die beleidsdokumente en –raamwerke wat dienslewering rig. Die implementering van die ontwikkelings-benadering lewer egter in die praktyk ’n aantal probleme op, aangesien die model nog nie aangeneem is deur sommige praktisyns wat die beleid moet implementeer nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die huidige toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-beleid te ondersoek. Die doelwitte van hierdie navorsingstudie was die volgende: <ul> <li> om die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering teoreties te konseptualiseer binne die veld van maatskaplike welsyn;</li> <li> om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in die praktyk te verken en te beskryf;</li> <li> om die uitdagings te identifiseer wat maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk ervaar met die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering; en</li> <li> om, gebaseer op die navorsingsbevindings, voorstelle te maak ter verbetering van die doeltreffende implementering van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in maatskaplike werk.</li> Teen hierdie agtergrond is die studie begelei deur die volgende navorsingsvraag: <li> Wat is die ervarings van maatskaplikewerk praktisyns in die toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering binne die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie?</li></ul> ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gebruik om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers te ondersoek in die toepassing van ’n maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering. Toegepaste navorsing fokus op probleemoplossing in die praktyk en beklemtoon die deelname van die mense wat die probleem ervaar deur hulle te betrek by die vind van die oplossing vir die probleem. In hierdie studie was toegepaste navorsing toepaslik om by te dra tot die oplossing van probleme aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in die praktyk. Binne die konteks van kwalitatiewe navorsing is die kollektiewe gevallestudie-ontwerp gebruik as die geskikste gevallestudie-ontwerp, omdat die navorser haar begrip van ’n ‘maatskaplike kwessie’ wou uitbrei, naamlik die toepassing van die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering in maatskaplike welsynsdienste. Die data insamelingsmetode het fokusgroepbesprekings behels. Kwalitatiewe data is versamel deur onderhoude met groeplede. Die deelnemers was maatskaplike werkers binne die Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, in diens in die vyf streke van Gauteng Provinsie. Daar was een fokusgoep,bestaande uit 10 deelnemers, in elke streek; dus het die navorser vyf fokusgroepe gelei, met ’n totaal van 50 deelnemers. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van ’n kombinasie van gestratifiseerde en sistematiese steekproef tegnieke ten einde die deelnemers vir die vyf fokusgroepe te selekteer. Die proses wat tydens dataversameling vir die studie gebruik is, het aanvanklik ’n loodsstudie behels. Dit is gebruik om die fokusgroep se onderhoudskedule te toets onder respondente wat nie ingesluit is nie in die fokusgroep-besprekings wat gehou is vir dataversameling vir die studie. Deur gebruik te maak van die Creswell data-analisemetode is die data wat versamel is tydens die fokusgroep-besprekings vervolgens geanaliseer, geïnterpreteer en eindelik voorgestel in die vorm van temas en sub-temas. Die doel van hierdie studie is definitief bereik, aangesien die studie bepaal het dat daar nie slegs ’n behoefte bestaan vir voortgesette opleiding en heroriëntasie van maatskaplike werkers ten opsigte van die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in praktyk nie, maar ook dat daar ’n behoefte is aan die ontwikkeling van ’n operasionele plan en duidelike prosedure riglyne vir die implementering van die benadering in die praktyk op nasionale vlak. Vanuit ’n kwalitatiewe perspektief word daar dus voorgestel dat ’n prosedure riglyn en nasionale plan ontwikkel word vir die implementering van die maatskaplike ontwikkelingsbenadering in die praktyk, ten einde die implementeringsproses te verbeter. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The sexual abuse of children in South–Africa, and across the world, is becoming a daily phenomenon. Such abuse of children takes place in every class, culture and race. Forensic social workers are appointed for sexual abuse cases to assess the alleged victims of sexual abuse in order to determine the likelihood that sexual abuse actually took place. The problem in South–Africa is two–fold: first, only a few social workers are qualified forensic social workers and second, most of the forensic social workers in South–Africa are white females who cannot speak or understand all the 11 official languages of South–Africa. Yet the children who are victims of sexual abuse come from cultures and races where these 11 languages are spoken. This then raises the problem of the language barrier between the forensic social worker and the alleged victim of sexual abuse. The appointment of language interpreters for forensic interviews is evidently the only way to overcome the language barrier. There is a great need for language interpreters as their role is crucial to the forensic process. However, many forensic social workers have experienced serious problems with language interpreters during the forensic interviews and have remarked that the mere presence and behaviour of the language interpreter is often so detrimental to the forensic assessment that they prefer to do without them. The problem of the language barrier remains, however, and the problems of the appointment of the language interpreters have to be addressed to enable forensic social workers to conduct forensic assessments successfully and thereby assist in ensuring justice in such criminal cases. The researcher in this study believes that the communication barrier that exists between the forensic social worker, the alleged victim of sexual abuse and the language interpreter is a crucial issue that requires immediate attention to ensure effective service delivery in the judicial system of South–Africa. The article format was selected in accordance with Regulation A.11.2.5 for a Master’s degree in (Social Work in Forensic Practice). The article complies with the requirements of the Journal CARSA. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The sexual abuse of children in South–Africa, and across the world, is becoming a daily phenomenon. Such abuse of children takes place in every class, culture and race. Forensic social workers are appointed for sexual abuse cases to assess the alleged victims of sexual abuse in order to determine the likelihood that sexual abuse actually took place. The problem in South–Africa is two–fold: first, only a few social workers are qualified forensic social workers and second, most of the forensic social workers in South–Africa are white females who cannot speak or understand all the 11 official languages of South–Africa. Yet the children who are victims of sexual abuse come from cultures and races where these 11 languages are spoken. This then raises the problem of the language barrier between the forensic social worker and the alleged victim of sexual abuse. The appointment of language interpreters for forensic interviews is evidently the only way to overcome the language barrier. There is a great need for language interpreters as their role is crucial to the forensic process. However, many forensic social workers have experienced serious problems with language interpreters during the forensic interviews and have remarked that the mere presence and behaviour of the language interpreter is often so detrimental to the forensic assessment that they prefer to do without them. The problem of the language barrier remains, however, and the problems of the appointment of the language interpreters have to be addressed to enable forensic social workers to conduct forensic assessments successfully and thereby assist in ensuring justice in such criminal cases. The researcher in this study believes that the communication barrier that exists between the forensic social worker, the alleged victim of sexual abuse and the language interpreter is a crucial issue that requires immediate attention to ensure effective service delivery in the judicial system of South–Africa. The article format was selected in accordance with Regulation A.11.2.5 for a Master’s degree in (Social Work in Forensic Practice). The article complies with the requirements of the Journal CARSA. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

AFRIKAANS: Die studie handel oor bepaalde riglyne wat in die praktyk van supervisie vir maatskaplike werk aangewend kan word. Verandering en veranderde behoeftes in die moderne samelewing het tot radikale veranderings in maat¬skaplikewerk-dienslewering aanleiding gegee en verhoogde druk vir doel¬matigheid en produktiwiteit na vore laat kom. Supervisie in maatskaplike werk kan beskou word as 'n deurslaggewende komponent in die verhoging van maatskaplike werkers se produktiwiteit en die doeltreffende bestuur van ‘n welsynsorganisasie. Inligting vir die studie is nie slegs van die maatskaplikewerk-literatuur verkry nie, maar ook van ander aanverwante vakgebiede. Die studie bied nie finale en totaal volledige antwoorde vir die probleme wat in die praktyk van supervisie ervaar word nie, maar is ‘n empiries en praktyk-beproefde maatskaplikewerk-georiënteerde raamwerk wat ‘n psigodinamiese interaktiewe benadering in supervisie voorstaan. Daar is gepoog om supervisie as 'n onderrigmetode vir voortgesette oplei¬ding in maatskaplike werk te konseptualiseer en te beskryf, terwyl verskil¬lende funksies, modelle en strategies geïdentifiseer is wat as moontlike basiese beginaela en metodes vir supervisie in maatskaplike werk aangebied kan word. Daar is ook gepoog om aan welsynsorganisasies as 'n dinamiese veranderingsisteem in die veranderde en ontwikkelende samelewing riglyne vir die supervisietaak te voorsien. Ten einde bogenoemde doelstellings te bereik, is daar van die volgende ondersoekmetodes gebruik gemaak: 'n Literatuurstudie is oor supervisie gedoen met die doel om die nuutste inligting en resentste teoretiese ont¬wikkelings te bekom. Verder is kennis en inligting versamel deur eie ervaring van maatskaplikewerk-supervisie veral as resultaat van die dosering van die MA (MW) Supervisiekursus aan die Universiteit van Pretoria. Empiriese gegewens is ook op 'n beperkte skaal ingewin deur middel van vraelyste wat deur persone wat die kursus deurloop en voltooi het, voor en na afhandeling van die kursus voltooi is. Die gegewens van die vraelyste is ontleed en verwerk. 'n Belangrike standpunt wat in die studie gehuldig word, is dat 'n bepaalde situasie geassesseer en bepaal moet word en dat strategieë en metodes wat vir die situasie die beste is, soos bepaal deur spesifieke faktore geselek¬teer en aangewend moet word om 'n supervisiesisteem in die organisasie te vestig wat by die organisasie se doelstellings en beleid sal pas. Die korrekte opleiding van supervisors is 'n belangrike komponent om die komplekse taak van supervisie reg en kreatief uit te voer. Goeie, rele¬vante en stimulerende opleiding in supervisie tesame met die deeglike selektering van persone wat oor bepaalde kwaliteite beskik wat nodig is om van hom of haar 'n goeie supervisor te maak, moet betyds geïdentifiseer word. Na aanleiding van die studie is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat uitge¬breide navorsing oor supervisie noodsaaklik is om lig te werp op nuwe ont¬wikkelings, strategieë, kennis, relevante opleiding en die implementering van 'n doeltreffende supervisiesisteem in die moderne welsynsorganisasie. Laasgenoemde behels onder andere 'n veranderde perspektief van maatskap¬likewerk-supervisie en die uitbreiding van die funksies en rol van super¬visie. Die volgende word na aanleiding van die studie aanbeveel dat: Gespesialiseerde opleiding vir supervisie aangebied en aangemoedig word. Poste vir tweedevlaksupervisors geskep moet word. Organisatoriese opleidingsprogramme ontwikkel moet word. Supervisors en maatskaplike werkers geselekteer en gepas moet word. Minimum vereistes en standaarde vir supervisors geïdentifiseer word. Strategieë vir doeltreffende supervisie nagevors en ontwerp word. Die funksies van supervisie sowel as die opleidingsmodelle verder ontwikkel moet word. ENGLISH: This study examines specific quidelines that can be used in the practice of supervision for social work. Changes and changed needs in modern society have resulted in radical changes in the services rendered in social work, as well as in increased pressure for efficiency and productivity. Super¬vision in social work can be regarded as a decisive component in increasing both the productivity of social workers as well as the efficiency of the management of welfare organizations. Material for the study has been obtained not only from literature on social work, but also from other related disciplines. This study does not claim to provide the ultimate and complete solutions to the problems encountered in the practice of supervision in social work, but provides a framework advocating a psycho-dynamic, interactive approach to supervision. This framework is social work-orientated and has been proven empirically as well as in practice. An attempt has been made to conceptualize and describe supervision as a method of instruction for continued training in social work, while various functions, models and strategies have been identified that can be offered as possible basic principles and methods for supervision in social work. An attempt has also been made to provide welfare organizations, as a dynamic and changing system in a changing and developing society, with guidelines for the task of supervision. In the pursuit of the above objectives, the following methods of inquiry have been used A survey of the literature on supervision was done for the purpose of finding out what the latest information and most recent theoretical developments are. Additional knowledge and information was gleaned from personal experience of supervision in social work - especially experience in teaching the MA (Social Work) Supervision Course at the University of Pretoria. Empirical data have also been gathered on a limited scale by means of questionnaires filled out both before and after the completion of their courses, by people who have completed the super¬vision course. The data thus gathered have been analysed and processed. An important point of view adopted in the study is that a particular situation has to be assessed and defined so that the appropriate strategies and methods, as dictated by specific factors, can be selected and applied in order to establish a system of supervision that is suitable to the organization's policies and objectives. For the complex task of sUperV1SlQn to be accomplished correctly and creatively, supervisors have to be given the correct training. Good, relevant and stimulating training in supervision should be the prerogative of previously selected persons in possession of the specific qualities needed in a good supervisor. These qualities have to be identified in good time for the candidates to receive specialized training. In the light of the study a conclusion was reached that extensive research on supervision is needed to illuminate aspects like new developments, strategies, knowledge, relevant training and the implementation of an effective system of supervision in the modern welfare organization. What is envisaged is a changed perspective of supervision in social work and the expansion of the functions and role of supervision. The following recommendations are made that: Specialized training in supervision be offered and encouraged. Posts for second level supervisors be created.>p> Organizational training programmes be developed. Supervisors and workers be selected with a view to compatibility. Supervisors be carefully selected. Minimum requirements and standards for supervisors be identified. Strategies for efficient supervision be researched and designed. The functions of supervision as well as the training models be further developed. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

Children constitute a large part of the client group that social workers deal with on a daily basis. Establishing a helping relationship between the child client and the social worker is crucial for accurate assessments and successful interventions. In the rural areas there are limited resources for social workers and that impedes referrals for therapeutic interventions with children. The social worker is then expected to be able to intervene in order for children to deal with their problems and improve their well-being. If the social worker is unable to establish a relationship with the child client, then his/her assessments and interventions would be affected detrimentally. The literature is clear that an established helping relationship is necessary in order for social workers to be able to intervene successfully. This study endeavoured to qualitatively explore the relationship building experiences in the initial phase of social work intervention between social workers and child clients in their middle childhood years. The findings of the study showed that it is indeed a wonderful and motivating experience to be able to establish a helping relationship with a child and to be allowed to influence the child’s life. But social work is practical and sometimes has to focus on immediate needs and crisis decisions instead of solely focusing on building a helping relationship. First impressions are lasting and the helping relationship often has to be built swiftly and in difficult circumstance. There are a few major constraints to establishing the helping relationship in the initial phase of social work. Limited time and resources prevent social workers from committing to individual intervention with a child. Children are wary of social workers due to the stigma of statutory work, and building rapport is thus difficult as a result of the resistance the social worker experiences from the child client and/or his parents. Rural social workers often have to travel to the child client as the child does not have the means to come to the social worker, and these guest locations are usually not child- and/or intervention-friendly. The participants observed that the children are not familiar with play material which limits the initial relationship building activities that one can employ. An interesting experience that the social workers had, was that they withdrew from certain individual interventions with children for fear that they might worsen the child’s experience due to their lack of skills in working with children on sensitive matters. Certain professional attributes of the social workers aid the initial relationship building experience with children. It was observed that the natural appeal between the social worker and child plays a significant role in establishing the relationship and that it cannot be forced. Based on the findings of the study certain recommendations could be made towards further research in the future. Apart from discussing their experiences and constraints in relationship building during the initial phase, the children and social workers also made suggestions for practice. These suggestions were captured in guidelines for the readers of this report. Propositions are made to non-government organisations for training opportunities for social workers in the field. A few recommendations are also made to researchers who propose to do research with children as participants. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Children constitute a large part of the client group that social workers deal with on a daily basis. Establishing a helping relationship between the child client and the social worker is crucial for accurate assessments and successful interventions. In the rural areas there are limited resources for social workers and that impedes referrals for therapeutic interventions with children. The social worker is then expected to be able to intervene in order for children to deal with their problems and improve their well-being. If the social worker is unable to establish a relationship with the child client, then his/her assessments and interventions would be affected detrimentally. The literature is clear that an established helping relationship is necessary in order for social workers to be able to intervene successfully. This study endeavoured to qualitatively explore the relationship building experiences in the initial phase of social work intervention between social workers and child clients in their middle childhood years. The findings of the study showed that it is indeed a wonderful and motivating experience to be able to establish a helping relationship with a child and to be allowed to influence the child’s life. But social work is practical and sometimes has to focus on immediate needs and crisis decisions instead of solely focusing on building a helping relationship. First impressions are lasting and the helping relationship often has to be built swiftly and in difficult circumstance. There are a few major constraints to establishing the helping relationship in the initial phase of social work. Limited time and resources prevent social workers from committing to individual intervention with a child. Children are wary of social workers due to the stigma of statutory work, and building rapport is thus difficult as a result of the resistance the social worker experiences from the child client and/or his parents. Rural social workers often have to travel to the child client as the child does not have the means to come to the social worker, and these guest locations are usually not child- and/or intervention-friendly. The participants observed that the children are not familiar with play material which limits the initial relationship building activities that one can employ. An interesting experience that the social workers had, was that they withdrew from certain individual interventions with children for fear that they might worsen the child’s experience due to their lack of skills in working with children on sensitive matters. Certain professional attributes of the social workers aid the initial relationship building experience with children. It was observed that the natural appeal between the social worker and child plays a significant role in establishing the relationship and that it cannot be forced. Based on the findings of the study certain recommendations could be made towards further research in the future. Apart from discussing their experiences and constraints in relationship building during the initial phase, the children and social workers also made suggestions for practice. These suggestions were captured in guidelines for the readers of this report. Propositions are made to non-government organisations for training opportunities for social workers in the field. A few recommendations are also made to researchers who propose to do research with children as participants. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014