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This thesis examines the concept of masculinity as it concerns a group of male community leaders from impoverished neighbourhoods of Léon, Nicaragua. In collaboration with the non-governmental organization, Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (CISAS) and utilizing person-centred ethnography, it explores masculinity in Nicaragua as reflected at the level of the individual. The work proposes that masculinities in Nicaragua are not as simple as some have suggested. Moreover, it relies on a Foucauldian analysis of disciplinary power to explicate the foundations of said conceptions as well as to develop new understandings of the idea of machismo.<p> Following analysis of an interview series and a thorough review of relevant literature, this thesis places Nicaraguan conceptions of masculinity as being discrete according to individuals. Moreover, the work deconstructs the notion of machismo as being nothing more than an individuated subject, most likely imposed on Nicaragua and, by extension, various other Latin American cultures, by forces exogenous to Latin America. Finally, this thesis discusses the tie that masculinity and health have as well as the influence that CISAS has on the personal lives of the research participants as well as their work in their communities.

This thesis examines the concept of masculinity as it concerns a group of male community leaders from impoverished neighbourhoods of Léon, Nicaragua. In collaboration with the non-governmental organization, Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (CISAS) and utilizing person-centred ethnography, it explores masculinity in Nicaragua as reflected at the level of the individual. The work proposes that masculinities in Nicaragua are not as simple as some have suggested. Moreover, it relies on a Foucauldian analysis of disciplinary power to explicate the foundations of said conceptions as well as to develop new understandings of the idea of machismo.<p> Following analysis of an interview series and a thorough review of relevant literature, this thesis places Nicaraguan conceptions of masculinity as being discrete according to individuals. Moreover, the work deconstructs the notion of machismo as being nothing more than an individuated subject, most likely imposed on Nicaragua and, by extension, various other Latin American cultures, by forces exogenous to Latin America. Finally, this thesis discusses the tie that masculinity and health have as well as the influence that CISAS has on the personal lives of the research participants as well as their work in their communities.

Hispanic immigrants constitute the largest and fastest growing groups of minorities in the United States. According to the 2010 Census, there are 50.5 million Hispanics in the United States, making up 16.3% of the total population (Passel, Cohn & Lopez, 2011). Furthermore, the state of Florida is home to 4,223,806 Hispanics (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Because the Hispanic population continues to grow, it is important to study their sexual health behaviors because diseases linked to risky sexual behaviors account for approximately 20,000 U.S. deaths each year, and are linked to a number of adverse reproductive outcomes (Abraido-Lanza, Chao, & Florez, 2005; Hussey, Hallfors, Waller, Iritani, Halpern & Bauer, 2006; Mokdad, Marks, Stroup & Geberding, 2004). Much of the research on risky sexual behaviors has included women of Mexican, Cuban and Puerto Rican descent (Weiss & Tillman, 2009). Therefore, to fill a gap in the current research further investigations should be conducted among other Latin subgroups such as Colombians. Conducting studies of Colombian women will contribute to the relatively unknown attitudes, beliefs and values towards sex and sexual high-risk behaviors of South American women. This study systematically examines literature in order to build a conceptual model, which will explain the sexual behaviors of Colombian women. The study will provide a survey instrument to be used in future research.

Culture is made up of numerous components that interact upon the individual to help form and shape his/her perspectives about the world. Two such components are machismo (the degree to which a population views gender roles as particularly male oriented) and self-construal (the internal attributions of individualism/collectivism). In a survey conducted among native English speaking individuals and native Spanish speaking individuals within the Midwestern United States, a measure of both of these components was used to determine whether there are differences in scores for selfconstrual and machismo between two samples. The results indicate that in the samples included, the native Spanish speaking group scored significantly higher on machismo, and the native English speaking cohort scored significantly higher on independent selfconstrual. Differences between the two groups for mean age and gender composition may explain the lack of significance for the measure of interdependent self-construal. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1997. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1999. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-228).

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-163). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 27, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-131).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1999. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-228).