<p>En analys av de kvinnliga karaktärerna i två romaner från två olika sydamerikanska länder. De respektive karaktärernas kamp för att frigöra sig mot ett traditionellt macho-samhälle.</p>

En analys av de kvinnliga karaktärerna i två romaner från två olika sydamerikanska länder. De respektive karaktärernas kamp för att frigöra sig mot ett traditionellt macho-samhälle.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-199).

Submitted by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-01-15T15:42:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao_biblioteca central_reduzida.pdf: 2386650 bytes, checksum: ce66d0f9699d955a5c29f187fbf13555 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T15:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao_biblioteca central_reduzida.pdf: 2386650 bytes, checksum: ce66d0f9699d955a5c29f187fbf13555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / CAPES / O trabalho visa demonstrar como o machismo existente dentro da cadeia produtiva do audiovisual no estado de Pernambuco entrou em cheque ao longo dos últimos anos. Ao partir de um contexto contemporâneo nacional e local de construção de políticas públicas e combate a violência sexual, a pesquisa aborda o crescimento da produção e articulação das mulheres nesse campo cinematográfico enquanto forças de ruptura do simbólico, agentes de um devir mulher (Guattari) em eminência nas sociedades. Para tanto, o estudo de caso da “polêmica” mostra Cinema de Mulher, organizada por cinco cineastas mulheres que produzem no estado (Alessandra Nilo, Isabela Cribari, Lia Leticia, Liana Cirne Lins e Séphora Silva) e realizada no Cinema da Fundação no Recife em março de 2015, acontecerá na esteira de um desvelar acadêmico para a crítica feminista do cinema existente desde os anos 1970. Em específico, será desmiuçado o conceito de cinema de mulheres (Mulvey, Kaplan, Lauretis e outras), afim de utiliza-lo para contrapor-se a crítica hostil sofrida pelo nome da mostra nas redes sociais desde que foi publicada a pergunta que dá nome a esse trabalho – O que porra é cinema de mulher? Além disso, serão visitados conceitos caros ao feminismo como gênero e sua interseccionalidade com as categorias de raça e classe. Aqui, o cinema pernambucano contemporâneo é visto pelo prisma de uma comunidade política imaginada (Anderson) reunida em torno de uma cultura visual. Já as mulheres, parte dessa cadeia produtiva cinematográfica, desde suas iniciativas para o reconhecimento enquanto diretoras/realizadoras de cinema, frente ao machismo dominante, serão vistas como uma comunidade de sentimentos (Appadurai). / This paper aims to present how the existing male chauvinism in Pernambuco`s audiovisual production came into question over the last few years. From a national contemporary context and place of public policies creation and fighting sexual violence, this research addresses the growth of women`s production and articulation in the film field as symbolic rupture forces, agents of a becoming woman (Guattari) in eminence in society. To this purpose, the study of the "controversial" exhibition Female`s cinema, organized by five women filmmakers who produce in the state (Alessandra Nilo, Isabela Cribari, Lia Leticia, Liana Cirne Lins and Séphora Silva), held at the Cinema da Fundação in Recife on March 2015, will happen in the wake of an academic unveiling to feminist`s movie reviews, existing since the 1970s. Specially, to the concept of female's cinema (Mulvey, Kaplan, Lauretis and others), in order to use it to counteract the hostile criticism suffered by the name of the show in social networks since the question was published that gives name to that work - What the fuck is women's cinema? There will also be seen hard concepts to feminism and gender and their relation to race and class categories. Here, the contemporary Pernambuco`s cinema is seen through the prism of an imagined political community (Anderson) gathered around a visual culture. And women, part of the film production field, since their efforts for recognition as directors / producers, facing the dominant male chauvinism, will be seen as a community of feelings (Appadurai).

The aim of this study was to examine women in management positions in the Brazilian labor market, focusing on perception of their working condition but also challenges in a culture dominated by machismo and stereotypes. The data was conducted from a qualitative approach with a mix of snowball and convenience sample, by interviewing eight women with staff responsibilities in a wide range of sectors and branches. The result section revealed that the Brazilian society is characterized by a conservative approach and machismo, which create barriers for women to enter higher positions such as management.The combination of women being associated with household, caregiving and motherhood together with being submissive to men, reduces the chances to establish themselves in the labor market. However, the majority of the female leaders stated differences between male and female leadership, based on traditional ways of being leaders due to stereotypes.Although there are several aspects that create obstacles for women, there was one that stood out from the others, the sector they were employers in. Half of the participants worked in the private sector and the remaining half in the public one. Wishing for a life with family and improved working conditions could be achieved in the public sector and was highly unlikely in the private sector. These obstacles that women have to face and overcome make it hard to balance a career with a personal life.

This study explores men's gender identities in development. It develops an analysis of gender power relations in households as economic limits by considering gender as a social identity not limited to women and exploring the gendered character of men’s work in development. The analysis focuses on three urban programmes from different development organisations involved in the National Microenterprise Plan in Colombia. The thesis examines changing expressions of masculinity and gender relations of power in households in which couples are working in family microenterprises, and one of the members has access to credit or other services. The labour market context, characterised by male job losses, has led many men to find in family businesses an alternative form of work. This process has brought about greater female participation and changes in gender identities. Gender relations are analysed in terms of both the division of labour in micro- economic activity and the contracts couples make around housework. The directly connected nature of the two types of work in family businesses allows different configurations of gender relations from those stemming from general patterns of paid work. The thesis analyses those elements that reveal changes in gender power relations such as control over money, access to property, etc., and discourses constructed around them. These elements are seen as a result of a cumulative process, which in some cases impacts on and is a consequence of women's self-empowerment and emerging masculinities. The changing nature of the gender division of labour in home-based businesses facilitates the negotiation of gender norms. The thesis examines for the three case studies the challenges that they pose to bringing men and masculinities into development.

Una escuela inteligente se distingue porque detecta y busca enfrentar problemas que no están resueltos en nuestra sociedad, como es el caso del machismo y la violencia de género. Es imposible silenciar el hecho que en el mundo anualmente, mueran cuatro millones de mujeres violentamente por culpa de esta agresión que es estructural e intergeneracional. Para KofI Annan, ex Secretario General de Naciones Unidas, "la violencia contra la mujer es quizá la más vergonzosa violación de los derechos humanos. No conoce límites geográficos, culturales o de riquezas. Mientras continúe, no podremos afirmar que hemos avanzado realmente hacia la igualdad, el desarrollo y la paz".

This work is a reflection on the relationship between the use of language and presence. The guidelines given by the Royal Spanish Academy, which advocatesthe use of male generically, are questioned. It seems that being a girl is possible  as long as there is not a boy present, at that time her feminine identity is invisible. The rules of the Royal Academy, made from a vision of purely linguistic language, are refuted by several authors who argue that the language has a strong ideological charge. The article gives information about our sexist society, for this reason it defends a language who nomine both sexes, and thus contribute to a culture that values them in the same way; and, therefore, if you opt for a genre in the language, made visible the sex that is marginalized. / Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre la relación entre el lenguaje y la presencia.Se cuestionan las directrices de la Academia Española, que defiende el uso del masculino para referirse a ambos sexos. Da la impresión que ser niña es posible mientras no hay un niño presente, pues entonces se invisibiliza su ser femenino. Las normas de la Academia, hechas desde una visión del lenguaje meramente lingüística, son refutadas por autoras que tienen en cuenta la carga ideológica del mismo.Se presenta información de una sociedad todavía machista. Se defiende unlenguaje que visibilice ambos sexos, para aportar al fortalecimiento de una culturaque los valore de la misma forma; y si se opta por un género en el lenguaje hacerlopor el que desvele al sexo marginado. / Este trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a relação entre linguagem e presença.Questiona-se as diretrizes da Real Academia Espanhola que defende o uso dogênero masculino para referir-se a ambos os sexos. Parece que “ser menina” somente é possível enquanto não há um menino presente, pois a presença masculina torna invisível o ser feminino. As normas da Real Academia Espanhola, estruturadas a partir de uma visão meramente linguística, são refutadas por várias autoras que defendem a importância de levar em consideração a carga ideológica das mesmas.As informações apresentadas demonstram uma sociedade ainda dominadapelo machismo. Portanto, defende-se uma linguagem que mencione ambos ossexos, fomentando assim uma cultura que os valorize da mesma forma. Nestesentido, e em caso de optar por apenas um dos gêneros, dever-se-ia dar mais visibilidade ao sexo marginalizado.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa. / After many years of hard study and careful research, we can state that focusing on the teaching area is not the key to achieve a good proficiency when learning a foreign language. This idea is based on the fact that, even though there have been many attempts to develop a good method for teaching languages through many decades, none of them has proved to be accepted by the whole language teaching community. Since our work was originally planned to encompass teaching and learning, from our point of view the process of learning is undoubtedly the most important thing. Consequently it must be studied in depth.

Se investigaron las causas del incumplimiento alimentario hacia niños, niñas y adolescentes por parte de sus progenitores, a través de entrevistas a deudores de alimentos en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao. Se identificaron las variables que han contribuido a la construcción de determinado estilo de paternidad, masculinidad y familia. Asimismo se analizó el efecto de la cultura patriarcal y el machismo como limitante en la participación paterna en las labores de cuidado y crianza con la consiguiente asignación preponderante de este rol a la madre. Los resultados indican que los estilos de crianza y asignación de roles al interior de las familias de los deudores y la conformación de sus propias familias con determinadas características influyen en la construcción del vínculo con el hijo o hija y en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones. / --- I investigated the causes of the non-support legal duty toward children and adolescents from their fathers through interviews with debtors of maintenance in the Constitutional Province of Callao. Identified the variables that have contributed to the construction of a particular style of fatherhood, masculinity, and family. It also analyzes the effect of the patriarchal culture and the machismo as limiting in the parental involvement in the work of care with the resulting allocation of this dominant role to the mother. The results indicate that the parenting styles and assigning roles to the interior of the families of the debtors and the shaping of their own families with certain characteristics affect the construction of the link with the son or daughter and in the fulfillment of its obligations. Key Words: children, family, parenthood, patriarchy, rights, machismo, child, maintenance.