The control of state aid from the EU is an essential component of the competition policy and vital part of an effective competition and free trade. Despite its importance, this area of competition law lacked behind in the scientific research compared to the research of the regulation of cartels and abuse of dominant position. Being explored in the thesis is the notion of state aid, then how is this concept defined in the legislation, case law and literature with a particular focus on small and medium-sized businesses and agribusinesses. Dissertation analyzes the development of state aid in the current period, mainly how the European institutions respond to changing economic conditions. The thesis is divided into several logical parts. The first part describes the methodology and methods used in the work such as the Coase's Theorem and the case study and it explains how the relation between law and economics works. The second part focuses on primary and secondary legislation concerning state aid. The third part deals with the analysis of the concept of state aid in terms of existing law and the development of understanding of the concept in the past. The fourth part deals with current changes in the allocation of state aid. The conclusion discusses the results and problematic areas to be focused on by the EU institutions are proposed.

Thanks to the prove of connection between the aberrant occurrence of small RNA and various diseases and their potential in diagnostics and treatment led to discovery of new methods and materials facilitating their detection and targeted transport during gene therapy. This work summarizes present knowledge about chosen groups of small RNA, their significance in medical science and the possibilities of their detection. This work primarily concentrates on combination of magnetic separation with electrochemical detection. Magnetic particles (MPs) with different surface modifications were used for isolation. Non-specific isolation was carried out using silanol-coated MPs; streptavidin-coated MPs modified with specific biotinylated probe were used for specific separation. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used as a very sensitive electrochemical detection method. Optimized method based on specific magnetic separation with SWV was able to reach nanomolar detection limit (4 nM) with microRNA. The method was applied on human embryonic cells for specific isolation and detection of miR-124. The CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were studied as a nanomaterial tool for nucleic acid detection. The QDs were modified with streptavidin for their bioconjugation with biotinylated molecules were used. Interaction of QDs with nucleic acids was studied using capillary electrophoresis.

The goal of diploma thesis is to evaluate small and medium-sized enterprises from the perspective of regional development. The first part describes basic terms related to this issue. The following part deals with the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in therms of regional development theories and their evolution in the context of main economic theories. The third part focuses on the share of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech economy and the district of Břeclav. This chapter also contains a questionnaire survey focused on the district of Břeclav. The goal of this survey was to determine the attitude of municipal representatives towards this issue.

The aim of this Master thesis titled ''The role of Small and Medium Business Enterprises to the Socio-Economic Development of Ghana'' was to analyze the opportunities of Small and Medium Business Enterprises (SMEs) operating in the informal sector of Ghana and its contribution to the economic growth and development through registration and taxation. To tackle the topic, a quantitative approach was adopted. Questionnaires were circulated to SMEs in the Accra metropolis and based on the responses received; analysis of the data was done to know the various ways in which the informal sector can be induced to register and also taxed. Also the amount of revenue which can be generated from registering and taxing SMEs in the informal sector was calculated to know how much the government is losing as well as how it would contribute to socio-economic development of the region and the country at large. The study concludes with some recommendations on the development of the informal sector and as such effective ways to register and tax the informal sector for the socio-economic development.

The thesis deals with the evaluation of the links between social capital and city development. The first part focuses on theoretical approach to the topic and defines the research questions including conditions of development of small towns. Set of indicators for both variables was determined based on findings of the first part of the work. The second part is devoted to the quantitative analysis whose outcome is to evaluate the relationship between social capital and the development of small towns in South-Moravian region. Identified results and their distribution in space is displayed in maps and interpreted.

Diploma thesis is dealing with specifics of internalization process of SME in two European countries. The main goal of this thesis is to compare these specifics. To meet this goal it is necessary to evaluate and compare primary data from Czech and Slovenian enterprises, which were acquired from questionnaire survey. In this thesis there are also identified motivating factors of entrance into the foreign markets, forms of entrance into these markets and barriers of the internalization.

Diploma thesis follows the options of activities in management of selected small and medium-sized enterprises in Czech Republic. Using statistical and econometric tools evaluate their impact on economic indicators during monitored period. After an introductory part that deals with general information about SMEs is first theoretically and then also practically formulated multivariate regression analysis and testing of the hypotheses from which will be subsenquently find the appropriate recommendations.

This master's thesis deals with leases accounting in different accounting systems -- specifically comparison to czech accounting rules, IFRS for SMEs and US GAAP. The emphasis is put on leases accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises, therefore I was looking for an ideal way how to account leases within SMEs in Czech republic. An important chapter of this thesis is the process of leases accounting harmonization, which still continues and is trying to make the most faithful image of the company. Practical part of this thesis is made via questionnaire and it deals with an attitude of SMEs in Czech republich to implementation of IFRS for SMEs and to leases harmonization between IFRS and US GAAP.

Organic wastes represent available replacement for crops grown specifically for biofuel production. However, the combustion of solid biofuels is often accompanied by technical problems. Biofuels made of organic wastes require the source of which do not contain hazardous substances that could be their combustion in simple combustion sources came into the atmosphere as emissions. This thesis is focused on the assessment of technical and operational parameters of small combustion plants while burning biofuels and also of the measurement of emission concentrations of CO and NOX in the flue gas and its subsequent analysis. Samples were selected as solid fuel in the form of a lump, briquettes and pellets made from advanced materials. Incineration was realized in the fireplace with a grate furnace and automatic stove. The bark briquettes could appears to be a suitable substitution for coal or wooden briquettes, and during combustion in grate emission concentrations of CO were achieved with a value of 560.8 +/- 98.9 mg.m-3,on the contrary NOX levels were relatively high 1 193.6 +/- 141.7 mg.m-3. In case of this work, when using the furnace the briquettes were made from compost , whose emission levels are higher: CO 1 487.8 +/- 418.8 mg.m-3, NOx levels were somewhat lower 330.8 +/- 26.3 mg.m-3 than the briquettes bark. An experimental sample of sewage sludge, which has been modified by hydrothermal carbonisation, was burned on the grate furnace and the measured emission levels for CO 1 493.3 +/- 237.3 mg.m-3 and NOX levels 544.8 +/- 20.2 mg.m-3, positive because it was achieved the rated output of the combustion equipment and the heat of combustion of the sample is very low 12.61 MJ.kg-1. The most efficient combustion of 80.8 +/- 2,7 % was achieved using automatic stove, during burning waste wood pellets certificate ENplus A1, the very low levels of emission and a very low emission levels for CO with a value of 117.5 +/- 14.4 mg.m-3 and values NOX 110.3 +/- 2.9 mg.m-3 were measured. Following experiments on this device were intended to increase the efficiency of a combustion plant by installing a hot-air heat exchanger and preheating combustion air. Method with preheating combustion air caused an increase in the emission concentration of CO.

Representatives of family Bovidae are subjects of many studies concerning with their phylogeny, phylogeography, time of divergence or genetic diversity. Taxonomy is solved by comparison of morphological characteristics or by genetic approaches, genetic diversity could be solved by pedigree or by genetic analyses too. Tragelaphinae number nine species of two genera, Tragelaphus sp. and Taurotragus sp. The antelopes of the genus Taurotragus (T. derbianus and T. oryx) belong to the largest antelopes of the world. Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus) has two subspecies, Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant eland (T. d. gigas), which are distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics. Western subspecies (T. d. derbianus) is classified as critically endangered. There lives the only population in Niokolo Koba National Park in Senegal, which numbers fewer than 200 individuals. For the conservation, the semi-captive breeding programme has been established in 2000. It was created by six founders (one male and five females), which are presumed to be non-related. The population within this programme had 95 living individuals in 2013, living in seven herds in Bandia and Fathala reserves in Senegal. The population is under breeding management, which efforts to minimize kinship of the individuals. Studbook was established for the Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) in 2008 and is published annually. It acts about small population with low number of founders and no gene flow, which is threatened by inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic diversity of the population was evaluated by means of microsatellite markers and the results were compared with the results of pedigree analysis. Pedigree analysis showed the highest genetic diversity in the generation of founders (FOUNDERS). It decreased in the generation of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 1; born in season 2007/2008), due to the fact, that the only male took part in the reproduction. And it increased again in the generation of offspring of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 2; born in the season 2009/2010), because more individuals were included into the reproduction. Fifteen individuals and five polymorphic microsatellite loci (from the total number of 13 tested loci) were chosen for the genetic study. The parameters of genetic diversity (HE and HO, Ar and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and FIS and FST) were evaluated. Not any deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found out. The results of genetic analysis confirmed the highest genetic diversity in the population of founders (Ar = 2.79; HE = 0.664; HO = 0.750; FIS = --0.154). In both generations of offspring values of allelic richness and observed and expected heterozygosity decreased (Ar = 2.15; HO = 0.580; HE = 0.586 in OFFSPRING 1 and Ar = 2.14; HO = 0.370; HE = 0.480 in OFFSPRING 2). Contrary to the results of pedigree analysis, there was not been observed any improvement in OFFSPRING 2. The resultant values of genetic diversity parameters were quite satisfactory, despite of the low number of founders and mating of related individuals.