This study investigated the relationship between parent implemented interventions for Autism and ratings of maladaptive behavior over a 6 month period of time. Participants were children between the ages of two and six years diagnosed with Autism and their primary care providers. Repeated measures ANOVAs and visual analysis of graphically represented mean scores were used to examine the differences between the parent reported ratings of maladaptive behaviors across two treatment groups consisting of an ABA/Verbal Behavior (ABA/VB) intervention model, a Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) model, and a control or treatment as usual (TAU) group across a 6 month enrollment period. Results indicated a lack of statistically significant findings however substantial effect sizes and changes in mean scoring indicating meaningful differences across groups and over assessment periods was found. Overall, treatment groups were found to have greater reductions in maladaptive behaviors versus the treatment as usual group. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. / School Psychology

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 乙第13615号 / 論人健博第15号 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 梁 楠, 教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

The literature review revealed co-morbidity between adverse childhood experiences, adult psychopathology and alcohol dependence, although causality was questionable due to multiple variables. The current study used 54 clients at the acute end of the spectrum of severe alcohol dependence from a specialist tertiary substance misuse service (clients) and a control group of 54 non-problematic drinkers from an NHS working population (controls) to examine possible differences in security of attachment and maladaptive schemas and investigated how early relational experiences influenced core beliefs regarding self, others and intimate relationships and therapeutic implications for severely alcohol dependent clients’ engagement in specialist services. The study was divided into two sections: (1) quantitative analysis using Feeney, Noller and Hanrahan’s (1994) Attachment Style Questionnaire to measure attachment style and Young’s Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 2001) to measure maladaptive schemas in the domain of disconnection and rejection and (2) qualitative analysis, using Interpretational Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore eight severely alcohol dependent clients’ subjective experiences of intimate relationships. Clients scored significantly lower in secure attachment style and significantly higher in both avoidant and ambivalent attachment style than controls and suggested overlapping between the two dimensions, known as ‘fearful avoidant’ attachment. Clients scored significantly higher than controls in all five sub-categories of maladaptive schemas in the domain of disconnection and rejection, namely mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, abandonment, social isolation/alienation and defectiveness/shame. IPA revealed common themes of negative parent-child interaction: physical and psychological abuse, neglect and explicit maternal rejection and emotional deprivation and hostile and abusive parent-parent interaction. These aetiological factors influenced fearful avoidant attachment and maladaptive core beliefs. Negation of children’s needs implicated an immaturely developed diffuseness of identity and defective self that inhibited formation of intimate adult relationships. A bio-psychosocial explanation suggested alcohol ameliorated hyper-vigilant anxiety and depression from adverse childhood experiences within a threatening family environment that implicated insecure attachment, maladaptive core beliefs and negative self-identity, inhibiting emotional intimacy. It advocated screening procedures and an integrated CBT and schema-based therapeutic approach for those at the more severe end of the spectrum of alcohol dependence deemed at risk of not engaging or disengaging prematurely from services.

<p>Istraživanje prikazano ovim radom imalo je za cilj da ispita relacije između ranog iskustva i sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije adolescenata. Rano iskustvo smo posmatrali na osnovu obrazaca afektivne vezanosti, disfunkcionalnih kognitivnih &scaron;ema i samopo&scaron;tovanja koji se formiraju rano putem interiorizacije i za koje je bitna rana interakcija sa značajnim drugim. Ispitane su i relacije između različitih sociodemografskih karakteristika i dimenzija sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije.<br />Za potrebe istraživanja kori&scaron;teni su postojeći instrumenti, s tim &scaron;to su provjerene metrijske karatkeristike u pilot istraživanju i svi instrumenti su pokazali zadovoljavajuće karakteristike.<br />Kori&scaron;teni su sljedeći instrumenti: Upitnik o sociodemografskim karakteristikama kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja, Rozenbergova skala samopo&scaron;tovanja (RSE), Instrument za procjenu afektivne vezanosti adolescenata UPIPAV-R, Inventar SCP1 namijenjen za procjenu 15 disfunkcionalnih kognitivnih &scaron;ema prema modelu Janga, Test za procjenu separacije&ndash;individuacije za adolescente (SITA).<br />Faktorska analiza ukazala je na identičnu strukturu svih konstrukata kao i u originalnim instrumentima, s tim &scaron;to je samopo&scaron;tovanje dvodimenzionalno, na &scaron;ta su ukazala neka istraživanja. U cilju određivanja obrazaca afektivne vezanosti na skalama Instrumenta UPIPAV-R primijenjena je analiza grupisanja (Klaster analiza). Pretpostavljeno je postojanje četiri obrasca afektivne vezanosti u skladu sa teorijskim modelom afektivne vezanosti.</p><p>Na osnovu rezultata regresione analize dobijeno je da dimenzije sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije ostvaruju značajne relacije sa disfunkcionalnim kognitivnim &scaron;emama, a pozitivna dimenzija samopo&scaron;tovanja sa dimenzijom čežnja za djetinjstvom. Putem MANOVA analize i t-testa registrovane su razlike u pogledu dimenzija sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije između različitih grupa sociodemografskih karakteristika.</p> / <p>Research presented in this paper<br />includes searching for significant relations<br />between early experiences and secondary<br />psychological separation-individuation of<br />adolescents. Early experience is operationalized<br />on the basis of patterns of attachment,<br />dysfunctional cognitive schemas and selfesteem<br />that are formed early through<br />interiorization and early interactions with<br />significant others that are the most important for<br />that process. The aim was to examine the<br />significant relations between different sociodemographic<br />characteristics on dimensions of<br />secondary psychological separationindividuation<br />too.<br />All existing instruments, used in this research<br />paper, with proven psychometric characteristics<br />tested in the pilot study have showed<br />satisfactory performance.<br />We were using the following instruments: a<br />questionnaire on socio-demographic<br />characteristics created for the purposes of this<br />study, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE),<br />Questionnaire UPIPAV-R to measure the<br />attachment style for adolescents, SCP1<br />questionnaire designed to assess the 15<br />maladaptive schemas modeled Young,<br />Separation-individuation Test of Adolescence<br />(SITA).<br />Factor analysis, as well as original instruments,<br />indicated the identical structure of all<br />constructs, except the two-dimensional selfesteem.<br />In order to determine patterns of<br />attachment on the Questionnaire UPIPAV-R<br />scale, we applied grouping analysis( Cluster analysis). It was assumed the existence of four</p><p>patterns of attachment in accordance with the<br />theoretical model of attachment.<br />The findings of regression analysis demonstrate<br />that the dimensions of the secondary<br />psychological separation-individuation achieved<br />significant relations with some maladaptive<br />cognitive schemas. Positive dimension of selfesteem<br />achieved significant relations with<br />dimension longing for childhood. MANOVA<br />analysis and t-test registered differences in<br />levels of aspects of secondary psychological<br />separation-individuation, between different<br />groups of socio-demographic characteristics.</p>

No description available.

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between maladaptive schemas and treatment outcomes of adolescent and adult women with an eating disorder receiving residential treatment. Existing data were obtained from 67 females aged 11 to 47 years (m =18.61) that had entered residential treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) at a Western United States residential eating disorder treatment facility. Pre- and posttreatment data were collected by the personnel at the facility on eating disorder symptomatology, mood, and core beliefs. Three hypotheses were tested: (a) that maladaptive schemas would be positively correlated with eating disorder symptom severity, (b) that females endorsing more maladaptive schemas at admission or those with stable maladaptive schemas across their course of treatment would have less favorable posttreatment outcomes at the time of their discharge from residential treatment than females with lower scores initially or improved scores over the course of their treatment and follow-up, and (c) that females endorsing more maladaptive schemas or with greater stability of their maladaptive schemas across treatment will spend more time in residential treatment. To address the above hypotheses a series of hierarchical linear regressions, linear mixed-effects models, and Cox proportional-hazards regressions were conducted. Results ndicated that maladaptive schemas at the start of treatment were predominantly predictive of admit rather than discharge symptomatology. Different combinations of maladaptive schemas were found to have both positive and negative relationships to one's symtomatology across time. The most common maladaptive schemas found to be significantly associated with symptomatology were impaired limits, impaired autonomy and performance, and overvigilance and inhibition. Lastly, a relationship existed between both impaired limits and overvigilance and inhibition and a participant's length of stay in treatment. The results of this study suggest that maladaptive schemas provide some predictability of treatment outcomes and are important targets for psychological interventions aimed at recovery. Furthermore, the results of the study highlight the complexity associated with maladaptive schemas in females with eating disorders and the need for longitudinal research to examine common patterns and therapeutic targets based on diagnosis and status in treatment.

The present study aimed (1) to examine possible influence of demographic variables of age, gender, familial monthly income, relationship status, mother&rsquo / s education, father&rsquo / s education on Parenting Styles, Schema Domains, Schema Coping Styles, and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction / (2) to examine associated factors of Schema Domains, Schema Coping Styles, Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction / (3) to examine the mediator role of Schema Domains in the relationship between Parenting Styles and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction / (4) to examine the mediator role of Schema Coping Styles in the relationship between Schema Domains and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction. In order to fulfill these aims 404 people between the ages 18-42 participated in the study. According to results, negative parenting practices from both sources (i.e., mother, father) were found to be associated with stronger levels of schema domains. Furthermore, Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards and Impaired Autonomy/Other Directedness schema domains were found to be associated with Compensation schema coping style / while Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards schema domains were found related to Avoidance schema coping style. After that, mother&rsquo / s parenting style, schema domains of Disconnection/Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy/Other Directedness were found to be significantly associated with depressive symptomatology. In addition, psychopathological symptoms were found to be associated with both parenting styles, schema domains of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards, and schema coping style of Avoidance. What is more, both parenting styles, schema domain of Disconnection/Rejection, were negatively / and compensation schema coping style was positively associated with satisfaction with life. As for the mediational analyses, schema domains mediated the relationship between parenting styles and psychopathology/life satisfaction / furthermore, schema coping styles mediated the relationship between schema domains and psychopathology/life satisfaction.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, mother&rsquo / s and father&rsquo / s education level, monthly income, and residence status) on the measures of the study (i.e., parenting styles, schema domains, personality dimensions, coping styles, perceived social support, and well-being) of the study. Secondly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between these measures and to determine the associated factors of schema domains, personality dimensions, other psychological resources namely coping strategies and perceived social support, and lastly, psychological symptoms and life satisfaction. For these purposes, data was collected from 309 university students aging between 18-33 years old, from different cities in Turkey. The results revealed that schemas were closely related to perceived negative parenting / and besides their significant effects, it was found out that personality dimensions, coping strategies, and perceived social support had important role on psychological symptoms and life satisfaction. Especially having higher levels of neuroticism, insufficient usage of coping strategies, and lower levels of perceived social support, besides perceiving high levels of negative parenting, and having stronger schema structure in Disconnection/Rejection domain were associated with higher levels of psychological symptoms and lower levels of life satisfaction. These results indicated that psychological resources (i.e., personality, coping strategies, and perceived social support) have additional effects on well-being. Finally, implications of these results and limitations of the study were discussed in line with the literature and suggestions for future studies were mentioned.

There is considerable controversy in the research literature concerning meeting the needs of children and youth with Emotional and Behavioural Disorders (EBD). Collaborative models of service delivery have shown promising results in effectively meeting the needs of students with disabilities. The objective of this study was to examine the association between service providers adherence to the fundamental elements of a collaborative process called Wraparound and measures of students maladaptive behaviours, behavioural strengths, and functional impairment. <p>The current research investigated 23 students who were experiencing impaired functioning in the school, family, and/or community as a result of behavioural difficulties. Twelve of the students were engaged in Wraparound services and 11 were receiving conventional services. Adherence to the elements of Wraparound was determined using the Wraparound Fidelity Index (WFI; Bruns et al., 2005), a structured interview with the students primary caregivers. Maladaptive behaviours, behavioural strengths, and functional impairment were assessed via the students teachers completing the Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992), Behavioural and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS-2; Epstein, 2004), and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS; Hodges, 2005), respectively. Results of this research indicated that, overall, the students who received Wraparound services showed higher fidelity to the elements of Wraparound and more favourable behavioural outcomes than did the students engaged in the conventional model of service delivery. The correlation analysis of the association between adherence to the elements of Wraparound and the student outcome measures showed mixed results. A strong association was observed with statistical significance for the element of Youth and Family Team on all three outcome measures. This indicates the importance of an effective team in producing positive outcomes for the students and their families.

There is considerable controversy in the research literature concerning meeting the needs of children and youth with Emotional and Behavioural Disorders (EBD). Collaborative models of service delivery have shown promising results in effectively meeting the needs of students with disabilities. The objective of this study was to examine the association between service providers adherence to the fundamental elements of a collaborative process called Wraparound and measures of students maladaptive behaviours, behavioural strengths, and functional impairment. <p>The current research investigated 23 students who were experiencing impaired functioning in the school, family, and/or community as a result of behavioural difficulties. Twelve of the students were engaged in Wraparound services and 11 were receiving conventional services. Adherence to the elements of Wraparound was determined using the Wraparound Fidelity Index (WFI; Bruns et al., 2005), a structured interview with the students primary caregivers. Maladaptive behaviours, behavioural strengths, and functional impairment were assessed via the students teachers completing the Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992), Behavioural and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS-2; Epstein, 2004), and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS; Hodges, 2005), respectively. Results of this research indicated that, overall, the students who received Wraparound services showed higher fidelity to the elements of Wraparound and more favourable behavioural outcomes than did the students engaged in the conventional model of service delivery. The correlation analysis of the association between adherence to the elements of Wraparound and the student outcome measures showed mixed results. A strong association was observed with statistical significance for the element of Youth and Family Team on all three outcome measures. This indicates the importance of an effective team in producing positive outcomes for the students and their families.