Thesis (M.D.)-- University of Adelaide, Dept of Medicine, 1974. / Reprints of 3 articles by the author included in back of publication.

Thesis--Michigan State University. / Includes bibliographical references.

A mixed method study pretest and posttest research design was used in this study similar to those used by the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and Women, Infants and Children (WIC). An individual interview method was used to gather the qualitative data. The study was conducted using 26 caretakers and 31 children. No significant change in knowledge in the caretakers was observed across all lessons. A significant gain in knowledge was observed only in the nutrition lesson "Fruits and Vegetables". A significant change in household dietary habits was seen when comparing dietary pretest and posttest score in the caretakers. A correlation of 0.33 was observed between dietary posttest scores between caretakers and children. A significant correlation (r2 0.50) was observed between the posttest (1) in caretakers from the nutrition lessons and dietary posttest taken by the caretakers. The need for a social worker, further education and more financial resources were some of the major themes identified by the qualitative component. Self sufficiency, increased evangelism and more trade classes were identified as the future goals of the nutrition program. This study showed that providing nutrition education in the caretakers can have a positive impact on the dietary choices within the household and can be a vital tool to targeting the issues of malnutrition in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. / Ph. D.

Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine générale : Nancy 1 : 2002. / Thèse : 2002NAN11104. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Submitted in the Faculty of.Arts in partial fnlfillmeut of the requirements for the degree of Master of.Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zulu1and, 2001. / Malnutrition continues to affect the large number of people, particularly in developing countries* Few studies have reported on nutritional status of children in southern Africa. A comprehensive nutritional survey was conducted on African children aged 0-5 years (n = 172) in two rural areas of Mapataland, namely, Mangnza and Ngwavuma. Stunting, underweight, acute under nutrition and lower upper arm measurement were prevalent is children of Mapataland. The average diet contained an adequate amount of portion from the meat and cereals group but had inadequate content milk and fruit/vegetable group as in accordance with expectations of the Department of Health and welfare. The percentage energy obtain from fat in the diet was very low (19%) and from carbohydrates was very high (68%). The amount of plant protein in the diet exceeded that of animal protein. Boys had lower means height and weight than girls with 36% falling below the NCHS 5th percentiles weight-for-age. Wasting was only present in 5% and 2 % among girls. Current diet intake was assessed with a diet history and a diet food frequency questionnaire. A high to moderate prevalence of underweight rural areas (19%), a low prevalence of stunting in rural areas (17%) and a high prevalence of wasting in rural area (7%) were identified. Maize-meal porridge and milk were the most commonly used food items, as compared with, vegetables, margarine and meat. Most of the children had insufficient (<67% RDA) intake of iron, Zinc, Vitamin C, Niacin and Vitamin B6.

Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur viktig nutritionen är för patienter med diagnosen KOL (Kronisk Obstruktiv Lungsjukdom). Författarna ville även visa på enkla metoder för sjuksköterskan att bedöma nutritionsstatus för att förebygga malnutrition hos dessa patienter. Denna studie är en systematisk litteraturstudie där författarna använt sig av databaserna ELIN@Dalarna, CINAHL, Blackwell Synergy och SWEMED+ för att söka vetenskapliga artiklar. Sökorden som användes i olika kombinationer var: COPD, nutrition, malnutrition, undernutritioned, nutritionalstatus, nutritional supplement, BMI, energy expenditure, caring och nursing. Resultatet visade att nutritionen är av central betydelse i behandlingen av KOL patienter där sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i samarbetet med andra yrkeskategorier såsom läkare, dietist, sjukgymnast, arbetsterapeut, kurator och psykolog. Bedömningen av patientens nutritionsstatus är en väsentlig del av sjuksköterskans omvårdnad av KOL patienter då det påverkar prognosen. Patienternas försämrade nutritionsstatus ökar risken för exacerbationer och därmed också risken för dödlighet.Sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av enkla mätmetoder för att upptäcka malnutrition, till exempel BMI (Body Mass Index) och MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Ett steg i att förebygga malnutrition är regelbundna viktkontroller och att varje patient har en individuell åtgärdsplan då patientens behov alltid ska komma i första hand. Det är också viktigt att se till psykosociala aspekter runt måltiderna för dessa patienter. En noggrann planering krävs runt deras måltider som patienten kan behöva hjälp med då sjukdomen utgör ett hinder.För en ökad livskvalitet är det angeläget med information om nutritionens betydelse både till patienten och hans anhöriga.

Background: The increasing use of electronic health records (EHR) provides a novel opportunity to evaluate hospital-based nutritional outcomes, such as malnutrition. There is no universally accepted screening tool for the detection of malnutrition. However, assessment for malnutrition should be made early, be simple, based on scientific evidence, and include data on age, gender, and disease severity. The malnutrition screening tool (MST) used in this study is a two question tool that assesses two parameters commonly seen when diagnosing malnutrition (weight loss and loss of appetite). Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of the MST used at a tertiary or quaternary hospital to accurately identify patients with malnutrition by comparing it against the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition criteria for malnutrition. Participants/setting: A descriptive cohort study was conducted that included 167 patients admitted to Emory University Hospital between October 1 - 14, 2014. MST score, malnutrition diagnostic criteria, and demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained to describe and assess the study population. Statistical Analysis: Frequency statistics were used to describe the demographic and anthropometric characteristics and MST score results. Normality statistics were used to determine the distribution of continuous variables. A Chi Square table was used to determine the significance of the association between the MST score and diagnosis of malnutrition made by the Registered Dietitian (RD) as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the MST. Results: A total of 167 patients (48.5% male, 51.5% Caucasian, non-Hispanic) were admitted during the study period. The vast majority of the patient population with malnutrition (79%), as diagnosed by the RD, was identified as such by the MST (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the MST was 79% and 62%, respectively. Conclusion: The MST is a useful screening tool for malnutrition in adults admitted to a large urban university hospital. There is a lack of research validating the MST in the adult outpatient population. Therefore, future studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the MST in this population.

No description available.

This nutritional study took place in the rural community centred on the village of Moshaneng in Southern District, Botswana. Arable and livestock agriculture are the traditional economic activities in this semi-arid environment in which highly seasonal and unreliable rainfall has a great impact upon settlement, economic activity and physical conditions. The primary objectives of fieldwork. were to assess nutritional status and to investigate the social, cultural, economic and physical environmental factors contributing to poor nutrition. As an ecological study, the main aim was to describe the multifactorial causes of malnutrition and the relationships between factors. Nutritional anthropometry was used to assess the nutritional status of children. Weight and height were the principal measurements. Subsequently, through three major questionnaire surveys, data were gathered on a) aspects of child care, maternal characteristics and perception, health status and dietary intake; b) household demographic structure, economic profile and economic status, food production, purchase and consumption, education and migration of household members; c) involvement in arable and livestock agriculture, constraints on food production, access to and quality of land, varieties of crops and production over.several seasons. Traditional beliefs and practices concerning diet, disease causation and treatment, and the social organisation of the community were also major areas of investigation. The majority of children were of poor nutritional status and mild to moderate protein-energy malnutrition (P.E.M.) affected approximately one third of the children assessed. At the individual level, poor weaning practices, inadequate supplementation of breast-fed children and inadequate qualitative and quantitative intake of food were identified as factors contributing to P.E.M.. Serious illness was widespread: respiratory infections, diarrhoea and skin infections were the major ailments. Illness and growth records show how recurrent and severe infections are interrelated with P.E.M. amongst children in this community. The vulnerability of children and their mothers is increased by high rates of illegitimacy and the lack of financial support from children's fathers. There were some misconceptions held about the appropriate foods for children but the main constraints to a better diet are economic and not educational. At the household and community levels several factors conspire to reinforce poverty, illhealth and an inadequate diet. Arable agricultural production is unable to meet the food needs of the local population who are forced to subsist on imported cereal staples of low quality: few households are self-sufficient in staple foods even in good years. Physical environmental factors, notably drought, poor soils and pests, reduce potential for arable agriculture but social and economic factors are the main constraints: inadequate and costly draught power and extensive, sub-optimal cropping systems. Highly maldistributed livestock ownership exacerbates the economic inequalities within the community and deprives many of access to milk, meat, draught power, and finance. Labour migration is a response to low returns from the traditional economiC sector but may increase the vulnerabilty of residual households.

published_or_final_version / Physiology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy