Neste estudo retrospectivo, controlado, de 94 adolescentes consecutivos com maloclusão de Classe II, divisão 1ª de Angle e retrognatismo mandibular, no surto de crescimento puberal, foram avaliadas as mudanças dentoesqueléticas decorrentes do tratamento com aparelho de Herbst (Grupo A coroas de aço e B splints acrílicos) e de acompanhamento (Grupo C - controle), em um período de 12 meses. As telerradiografias laterais foram obtidas em T1 (inicial) e T2 (no final do período de observação). As variáveis cefalométricas foram analisadas com testes paramétricos. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos tratados caracterizaram-se diferencialmente do grupo controle, com restrição do crescimento maxilar e maior crescimento mandibular, o que permitiu melhorar a relação sagital. Da mesma forma, no aspecto dentoalveolar houve melhora da sobressaliência pela retroinclinação dos incisivos superiores e vestibularização dos incisivos inferiores, distalização com controle vertical dos molares superiores e mesialização dos molares inferiores. Os três grupos mostraram semelhança na extrusão dos molares inferiores, na preservação da morfologia mandibular e do padrão facial. O plano oclusal rotacionou no sentido horário nos grupos tratados e anti-horário no grupo controle. Pode-se concluir que no tratamento com dois tipos de aparelho de Herbst da maloclusão de classe II, em adolescentes no pico máximo de crescimento, observaram-se um conjunto de mudanças que melhoraram as relações dentoesqueléticas sagitais, independentemente do crescimento. No aspecto vertical, apesar das pequenas mudanças observadas houve preservação do padrão facial assim como no grupo controle. / This retrospective controlled study enrolled 94 consecutive adolescents during growth spurt with Angle class II division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism and evaluated skeletal and dental changes resulting from treatment with a Herbst appliance (Group A: steel crowns; Group B: acrylic splints) and compared them with results of a follow-up group (Group C: control) for 12 months. Lateral radiographs were obtained in the beginning of the treatment (T1) and at the end of the observation period (T2). Cephalometric variables were analyzed using parametric tests. The results of the two treatment groups were different from those found for the control group. Maxillary growth was restricted, whereas mandibular growth was greater, which resulted in a better sagittal relation. At the same time, the analysis of dentoalveolar aspects revealed that overjet was reduced due to distal tipping of maxillary incisors and buccal inclination of mandibular incisors, vertical control of maxillary molars and mesial movement of mandibular molars. The three groups had similar extrusion of mandibular molars, preservation of mandibular morphology and facial pattern. The occlusal plane rotated clockwise in the treated groups and counterclockwise in the control group. It can be concluded that the treatment of class II malocclusion in adolescents during growth spurt with two types of Herbst appliance resulted in a set of changes that improved sagittal skeletal and dental relations, regardless of growth. Vertically, facial pattern was preserved in treatment and control groups, despite some small differences.

As maloclusões de ordem esquelética são alterações do crescimento das bases ósseas mandibulares e maxilares que acarretam em mal posicionamento dentário e conseqüentemente, perda ou restrição da função mastigatória. Em muitos casos, grande desconforto pode ser causado pelo contato dente a dente ou dente a tecidos moles. Atualmente, na Medicina Veterinária, estes traumatismos vêm sendo tratados de forma paliativa pela ausência de protocolo cirúrgico estabelecido. Na odontologia humana, a cirurgia ortognática é o recurso mais indicado pelos cirurgiões-dentistas para se corrigir as maloclusões esqueléticas severas, trazendo benefícios estéticos e funcionais aos seus pacientes. Com o mesmo intuito, este trabalho analisou a viabilidade da realização da técnica intra-oral de osteotomia sagital mandibular em cães em amostra de 20 cadáveres portadores de maloclusão esquelética. Após a osteotomia e reposicionamento da mandíbula, as extremidades ósseas foram fixadas com mini-placas e parafusos de titânio, com 1,5mm de diâmetro. A análise estatística mostrou que houve diferença significativa da oclusão final dos cadáveres testados (Teste de Wilcoxon, p < 0,05) onde, em 95% dos casos, houve a correta fratura em bizel e, em 100% dos casos, houve a preservação do feixe alveolar inferior durante a osteotomia e a fixação. Independente do método de fixação, esta apresentou-se estável em 100% dos casos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a técnica intra-oral de osteotomia sagital da mandíbula em cães é viável, porém ressalta-se a importância em realizar planejamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico prévio para adequado ajuste oclusal durante o ato cirúrgico in vivo. / Skeletal malocclusions are growth modifications of the bone of mandible and maxilla that can cause mal positioning of teeth and consequently, loosing or reduction of masticatory function. In most cases, some discomfort can be caused because there is trauma to the teeth or between teeth and soft tissues. Nowadays, in Veterinary Medicine, these traumas have been treated palliativelly because there is not any surgical procedure established to be applied on animals so far. In human dentistry, the orthognathic surgery has been the most indicated treatment by dentists to correct severe skeletal malocclusions, offering esthetic and function benefits to the patients. With the same objective, this research evaluated the viability of the intra-oral mandible sagital split osteotomy in 20 cadavers of dogs with skeletal malocclusion. After sagital osteotomy and repositioning of the mandible, the bone fractures were fixed with titanium mini-plates and screws, with 1.5mm of diameter. The statistic analysis showed a significant difference on occlusion of the treated cadavers (Wilcoxon test, p<0,05); 95% of the cases had a correct sagital split osteotomy (bizel osteotomy), all animals had the lower alveolar vessels and nerve preservation during osteotomy and fixation. Regardless of the fixation method used, 100% of the cases had stable fixation of the fragments. In conclusion, it is viable to accomplish the intra-oral mandible sagital osteotomy in dogs. However, it is important to do a previous orthodontic-surgical planning to acquire a satisfactory oclusal arrangement during the surgery in vivo.

Orientador: Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T16:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leme_MarinaSeveri_D.pdf: 1841366 bytes, checksum: 4f6f01ad18a2009a7fa7d7f25ee40691 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Essa tese foi dividida em dois capítulos. Capítulo 1: O desenvolvimento da maloclusão é o resultado de interações entre fatores genéticos e ambientais, e a função orofacial é considerada um fator ambiental. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência de disfunção orofacial e maloclusão, e estabelecer a interrelação entre disfunção orofacial e maloclusão em crianças e adolescentes de 4 a 14 anos de idade. A amostra consistiu de 1561 sujeitos divididos em quatro grupos: Dentição decídua (DD), Dentição mista 1º período transitório (DM1), Dentição mista 2º período transitório (DM2) e Dentição permanente (DP). A disfunção orofacial foi avaliada usando o Nordic Orofacial Test ¿ Screening (NOT-S) e a maloclusão foi avaliada utilizando critérios sugeridos por Grabowski et al. 2007, e, a partir disso a amostra foi subdividida em grupos sem maloclusão e com os tipos de maloclusão. A análise estatística consistiu de análise descritiva dos dados, e aplicação dos testes Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. A prevalência da maloclusão encontrada foi de 64.9% na DD, 83.2% na DM1, 80.4% na DM2 e 90.7% na DP, sendo a sobressaliência aumentada a maloclusão mais frequente. A frequência de disfunção orofacial encontrada foi de 86.6% na DD, 88.1% na DM1, 91.3% na DM2 e 89.6% na DP, sendo a presença de hábitos a disfunção mais frequente. Os grupos de maloclusão Classe II bilateral (no grupo DD), mordida aberta anterior (nos grupos DD e DP), classe III unilateral, mordida cruzada posterior unilateral e bilateral (no grupo DD e DP) apresentaram mais disfunção orofacial quando comparados ao grupo sem maloclusão. Como conclusão, a prevalência de maloclusão e disfunção orofacial na população avaliada é alta, e verificou-se uma relação positiva entre maiores impactos de fisfunção orofacial e presença de maloclusão. Capítulo 2: Os hábitos orais deletérios (HOD) são disfunção orofacial cujo possível fator etiológico é a ansiedade. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste capítulo foi avaliar a relação entre HOD e sintomas de ansiedade em crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos. A amostra (n=1174) foi dividida em 3 grupos : Dentição mista 1º período transitório (DM1), Dentição mista 2º período transitório (DM2) e Dentição permanente (DP). A avaliação dos HOD foi realizada usando-se o domínio III (hábitos) do NOT-S e os sintomas de ansiedade foram avaliados utilizando o Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). A prevalência de HOD encontrada foi de 69.5% na DM1, 78.9% na DM2, 77.1 na DP. O HOD mais frequente foi a onicofagia. Os escores do MASC foram maiores em meninas nos grupos DM2 e DP. Os grupos de hábito apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade quando comparados ao grupo sem hábito nos grupos DM1, DM2 e DP. Conclui-se que crianças e adolescentes com HOD apresentaram, significativamente, mais sintomas de ansiedade / Abstract: This thesis was divided in two chapters. Chapter 1: The development of maloclusion is the result of interactions of genetically and environmental factors. The orofacial function is considered an environmental factor. In this way, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of orofacial dysfunction and malocclusions and to establish the interrelation between orofacial dysfunction and malocclusion in children and adolescents aged 4 to 14 year-old. Sample was constituted by 1561 subjects divided in four groups: Primary dentition (PRD), Intermediate mixed dentition (IMD), Late mixed dentition (LMD) and Permanent dentition (PD). The orofacial dysfunction was assessed using the Nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S) and malocclusion was assessed using the criteria of Grabowski et al., 2007, by this the sample was subdivided in malocclusion and no malocclusion groups. Statistical analysis constituted of descriptive analysis, chi-squared partition and independence tests, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Rates from malocclusion prevalence was 64.9% in PRD, 83.2% in IMD, 80.4% in LMD and 90.7% in PD, being increased overjet the most common malocclusion found. The frequency for orofacial dysfunction observed was 86.6% in PRD, 88.1% in IMD, 91.3% in LMD and 89.6% in PD, being the presence of deleterious oral habits the most frequent one. Malocclusion groups of bilateral class II (in PRD), frontal open bite (in PRD and PD), unilateral class III and unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite (in PD) presented significant more orofacial dysfunction compared to no malocclusion group. As conclusion, the prevalence of malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction in assessed sample were high and it was detected a positive interrelation between higher impacts on orofacial dysfunction and the presence of malocclusion. Chapter 2: Deleterious oral habits (DOH) are orofacial dysfunction whit anxiety as a possible etiological factor. In this way, this chapter objective to evaluate the relationship between DOH and symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents aged from 7 to 14 year-old. Subjects (n=1174) were divided in 3 groups: Intermediate mixed dentition (IMD), Late mixed dentition (LMD) and Permanent dentition (PD). The assessment of DOH was done using the domain III (Habits) of the NOT-S and anxious symptoms were assessed using the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Data were analysed descriptivaly and with Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The prevalence of DOH was 69.5 % in IMD, 78.9% in LMD and 77.1% in PD. The most frequent one in the assessed groups was nail biting. MASC scores were higher in females in LMD and PD. Habit groups presented more symptoms of anxiety when compared to Habit free group in IMD, LMD and PD. As conclusion children and adolescents with DOH presented significant more symptoms of anxiety / Doutorado / Odontopediatria / Doutora em Odontologia

Orientador: Darcy Flavio Nouer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubim_GlauceAmaralPinto_M.pdf: 1914741 bytes, checksum: 105e94bc2727eb982375dc7a6e256947 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar, cefalometricamente, os resultados alcançados ao final do tratamento ortodôntico realizado com uso do sistema de forças direcionais (¿10-2¿). Os resultados dos tratamentos foram constatados através da utilização do Protocolo de cefalometria preconizado pelo Departamento de Ortodontia da FOP-UNICAMP. A amostra constou de 56 radiografias cefalométricas, sendo 28 realizadas ao início do tratamento e 28 após a remoção do aparelho fixo, de pacientes leucodermas brasileiros, com maloclusão Classe II, divisão 1 de Angle. Foram realizados os testes Mann-Whitney (teste não paramétrico) para verificar a existência de diferença significativa na variação (inicial e final), das grandezas cefalométricas entre os gêneros e entre as faixas etárias, e o teste t de ¿Student¿ emparelhado, aplicado para constatar quais as grandezas cefalométricas apresentaram variação significativa do início para o final do tratamento (p? 0,05). Com base na análise dos resultados concluiu-se que somente as grandezas Pl.Ocl. e 1-NA não apresentaram variação significativa ao final do tratamento realizado (p>0,05); em 86 % da amostra foi observado o controle vertical através redução discreta do FMA e Pl. Ocl, acompanhados do aumento mais significativo da AFP em relação a AFA; a harmonia e equilíbrio facial foram observados com a redução do SNA, ANB e AO-BO, aumento do SNB, FMIA, Ângulo Z, 1.1, e a proporcionalidade entre LS e QT; no reposicionado dentário observou-se melhor posicionamento dos incisivos em suas bases ósseas demonstrados pela redução de 1.NA, 1.NB e IMPA, a níveis mais adequados. Na avaliação entre os gêneros não houve dimorfismo sexual para as grandezas avaliadas e quanto à idade, a faixa etária que possuía maior potencial de crescimento apresentou diferença significativa entre os momentos inicial e final do tratamento para as grandezas AFP, AFA e comprimento mandibular (p<0,05), demonstrando serem estas grandezas mais influenciadas pelo crescimento / Abstract: The present study had for purpose to evaluate, cephalometrilly, the results reached at the end of the orthodontics treatment accomplished with use of 10-2 directional forces system. Treatments' results were verified through use of cephalometrics protocol recommended by Orthodontics Department ¿ FOP - UNICAMP. The sample consisted of 56 cephalometrics x-rays, being 28 accomplished at the beginning of the treatment and 28 after removal fixed appliance, from Brazilian patients considered as leucoderms, with Classe II, division 1 of Angle's malocclusion. They were accomplished the test Mann-Whitney (a not parametric test) to verify the existence of significant difference in the variation (initial and final), of the cephalometrics greatness among genders and enter ages groups, and Student t test applied to verify which cephalometrics greatness presented significant variation among the beginning for the end of (p= 0,05). With base in the results analysis was ended that only the greatness OCCL.-FH. and 1-NA didn't present significant variation at the end of treatment (p>0,05); in 86% of the sample the vertical control was observed through discreet reduction of FMA and OCCL-FH, accompanied of the most significant increase of PFH in relation to AFH; the harmony and facial balance were observed with the reduction of SNA, ANB and AO-BO, increase of SNB, FMIA, Z Angle, 1.1 and the proportionality between UL and TC; in dental terms there was the best positioning of the incisors in your bony bases demonstrated by the reduction of 1.NA, 1.NB and IMPA, at more appropriate levels. In evaluation among genders there was not sexual dimorphism for the appraised greatness and with age's relationship, the age group that possessed more time of growth presented significant difference among the moments initial and final of the treatment for the greatness PFH, AFH and mandibular Length. (p <0,05), demonstrating be these greatness more influenced by the growth / Mestrado / Ortodontia / Mestre em Ortodontia

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / A public orthodontic system generally is designed to prioritize patients so that those who have the greatest need receive treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective perceptions of the occlusal appearance of 11 to 12 year-old schoolchildren of Nairobi with the modified Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The objectives were to assess the children's perception of their occlusal appearance, categorise the occlusal appearance using the AC scale, by both the children and researcher; and to compare the children's' perception and the AC of the IOTN. Satisfaction with appearance of teeth and occlusion as well as peer comparison was investigated. The treatment need and demand was assessed using the modified AC photographs of the IOTN. Altogether, 488 school children (249 girls and 239 boys) assessed their perception of the anterior teeth using a Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire. The researcher examined the anterior teeth of the participants and categorised them using the AC of the IOTN. The following results were reported: about two-thirds of the respondents were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth, with the gender difference being statistically significant. About 35% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied, but reasons for it varied. More than half of the respondents rated their teeth as better than those of their peers and three-quarters were satisfied with their occlusion, the two responses elicited no gender difference. Treatment need was assessed by use of the AC indicated that there was a moderate agreement between researcher and respondents’ in treatment need assessment. The researcher found 36.3% needed treatment against self-perceived need of 30.9%. One-third of the respondents determined by the researcher to 'need treatment', felt 'no need'. There was no statistical gender difference in perceived need for treatment. The selection of ranked photographs of the AC by both researcher and respondents demonstrated skewed distributions towards the 'low ranked' or attractive end of the ranking order irrespective of the state of occlusion. Statistical comparison of the two methods used, namely the VDS and VAS, indicated that the responses were significantly different. Therefore it is suggested that any treatment priority assessment should take perceptions of occlusal appearance. into consideration.

Orientador: Célia Marisa Rizzatti Barbosa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T16:04:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FariasNeto_Arcelino_D.pdf: 1895628 bytes, checksum: 3d9e789620307fdbeaffe939bf75437e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A cartilagem articular do côndilo mandibular é responsável pelo crescimento ósseo endocondral durante o desenvolvimento mandibular. Ela depende do funcionamento adequado da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) para sua diferenciação e maturação. Trabalhos demonstram que a manipulação funcional da mandíbula foi capaz de alterar a dinâmica fisiológica dessa cartilagem. Nesse sentido, a protrusão diminuiria a ação de cargas sobre o côndilo mandibular, estimulando o crescimento endocondral, e de forma inversa, a retrusão aumentaria a pressão sobre a cartilagem, inibindo o crescimento. Essas técnicas têm sido utilizadas com relativo sucesso na ortopedia facial com o intuito de corrigir discrepâncias maxilo-mandibulares. Entretanto, alguns quadros patológicos presentes nas ATMs podem alterar o seu desenvolvimento normal. Um dos fatores etiológicos que pode ser associado à presença de alterações no côndilo mandibular é a oclusão dental. A hipótese formulada é de que a presença de instabilidade ortopédica causada por um fator oclusal durante a fase de desenvolvimento pode levar à deficiência do crescimento mandibular e alterações intra-articulares. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar, em modelo animal, alterações da oclusão dental sobre o crescimento mandibular e tecidos intra-articulares. O estudo foi randomizado e cego. Foram utilizadas 40 ratas Wistar com 5 semanas de idade divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos com o mesmo número de animais: controle, com interferência oclusal, com ausência dos molares inferiores unilateral e com ausência dos molares inferiores bilateral. Os animais foram acompanhados por 8 semanas, período que correspondeu a sua fase de maturação óssea. Após esse período, os animais foram sacrificados e realizou-se tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (Cone beam) de suas cabeças para construção de protótipos de biomodelos, sobre os quais foram mensurados o comprimento da mandíbula, a altura do ramo mandibular e distância intercondilar. Em seguida, as articulações temporomandibulares foram cuidadosamente preparadas para análise imunohistoquímica dos níveis de colágeno tipo II, Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular, e Interleucina 1? na cartilagem condilar. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística através do Software SPSS versão 17.0. As médias entre os grupos foram comparadas através do One-way Anova, enquanto as diferenças entre os lados da mandíbula foram avaliadas através do teste t de Student (?=0.05). A partir da análise dos resultados, observou-se que alterações oclusais podem afetar o desenvolvimento do osso mandibular, bem como alterar a expressão de Colágeno tipo II, Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular e Interleucina 1? na cartilagem condilar. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que a oclusão dentária é capaz de interferir na dinâmica dos tecidos intra-articulares, sendo um fator importante durante o desenvolvimento craniofacial / Abstract: The condylar cartilage regulates the endochondral ossification during mandibular development. Mechanical stimulus in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation of mandibular condyle. Studies have shown that functional mandibular displacement can affect TMJ cartilage dynamics. Mandibular advancement induces profound metabolic changes in the condyle and enhances growth. In contrast, mandibular retraction reduces growth. The overall picture emerging from the data is that unloading of the condyle increases growth, while loading reduces it. Therefore, dental occlusion could be one of the factors associated with the alteration of the TMJ growth. The hypothesis is that orthopedic instability caused by occlusal factors present during TMJ development can affect mandibular growth and intra-articular tissue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of dental occlusion on mandibular growth and intra-articular tissue in Wistar rats. The study was randomized and blinded. Forty 5 weeks old female Wistar rats composed the sample. The animals were randomly allocated to four groups with the same number of rats: (1) control, (2) occlusal appliance for functional posterior displacement of the mandible, (3) unilateral mandibular tooth extraction, (4) bilateral mandibular tooth extraction. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks, when they had achieved skeletal maturity. Immediately after death, the heads were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde, and cone beam CT scan images were taken using the Classic I-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The 3-dimensional images of rats' skulls were exported in multifile Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, and acrylic rapid-prototyped templates of the mandibles were constructed for measurement of mandibular growth. Immunostaining was used for the detection of type II collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-1?. The data were processed with SPSS software (V 17.0 for Windows, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (Tukey test as post-hoc test), while differences between sides were analyzed by non-paired Student's t test. Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were used to observe normality and variance homogeneity, respectively. Confidence level was set at 5%. The results of this study showed that dental occlusion is an important factor for the integrity of intra-articular tissues and to the healthy craniofacial development, emphasizing the importance of early treatment to normalize occlusion and create appropriate conditions for normal craniofacial development / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / General dentists in practice (both public and private) are often reluctant to perform interceptive orthodontic procedures on patients that present to their practices. As interceptive orthodontic treatment (IOT) can be of great benefit to some patients, it validates the need to assess the factors that influence the implementation of such treatment.

It was the purpose of this research project to compare a combined program of speech and myofunctional therapy for correcting an anterior lisp with a traditional speech approach and a myofunctional only approach. The project sought to answer the following questions: 1) Which of the three methods will effect the greater change in articulatory patterns for the /s/ and /z/ phonemes? and 2) Will six weeks of intensive management cause any significant difference in a client's speech patterns?

No description available.

Masseter muscle is one of the major muscles of mastication, and is comprised of actin and myosin myofibrils organized into sarcomeric contractile units. Structurally, sarcomeres are repeating portions of myofibrils between neighboring Z-lines (a.k.a. Z-disc, Z-band). The Z-line or Z-disc is composed of non-contractile proteins that provide mechanical stability to the sarcomere. One of the proteins of Z-disc is alpha-B-crystallin, a protein product of the gene CRYAB. Together with several other proteins of the Z-disc, CRYAB gene has been found to be up-regulated in Actn3 knock-out mice. In addition, CRYAB is suspected to be a pain mediator gene, having similar structure and function to CRYAA (alpha,A-crystallin) identified as one of the candidate genes from the Pain Research Panel, previously investigated in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) Study. Finally, in a microarray of global gene expression CRYAB was increased in subjects with facial asymmetry. We have examined CRYAB expression in masseter muscle of 64 orthognathic surgery patients to determine associations with skeletal malocclusions. Salivary DNA was genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for ACTN3 (rs1815739) and masseter muscle RNA isolated from an orthognathic surgery patient population. These genotyping and expression data have been used to identify differences in CRYAB expression in sub-groups of our patient population with Class II and III, normal, open and deep bite malocclusions who are null for ACTN3. In addition, we evaluated expression levels of CRYAB in patients with TMD-related myalgia. We found that relative quantities of CRYAB expression differed very significantly between sexes (p=0.005). ANOVA comparison between all subjects with and without TMD-myalgia indicated that males with TMD-myalgia had significantly greater (p&lt;0.02) expression than other groups. An unpaired t-test showed that with TMD-related myalgia, CRYAB expression was significantly higher (p=0.03) in males than in females. ANOVA comparison between sexes with Class II and Class III malocclusions showed greater expression of CRYAB (p=0.005) in males with Class II. Expression was likewise greater in males with Class III malocclusion than in females with Class III (p&lt;0.01). Among different age groups, subjects 25 years of age or younger had significantly (p value=0.025) increased expression of CRYAB gene. There were no significant differences for genotypes or facial asymmetry. / Oral Biology