The study focused on the role of the local community in the management of wetland. The study was triggered by the lack of participation of the local community in the management of the wetland. It is important to note that wetlands perform a number of ecosystem services, some of which are well recognised, others less so, and are internationally recognised as being one of the most important ecosystems for the conservation of biodiversity. South Africa is a signatory to the international obligations, which makes it a legal responsibility to make sure that wetlands are managed appropriately. It is therefore important for these natural resources to be managed appropriately. Information for generating data was obtained through the assessment of the wetland health and from the investigation of the management of the local community. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, qualitative method was used to gather the necessary data. The findings indicate that the current state of the wetland is severely modified, which means large loss of natural habitat, biota and basic ecosystem functions has occurred. The results also indicate that the community is ill-equipped to manage the resource appropriately. The findings therefore imply that immediate management interventions must be developed to improve the health of the wetland. In improving the state of the wetland, the study recommends, amongst others, that mitigation measures aimed at improving the wetland health and participation of wetland users be promoted. An establishment of a community-driven and multi-stakeholder intervention mechanism to help the community manage and utilise the wetland properly is also recommended. The study concludes by indicating that the community must comply with the environmental legislation and takes a lead in the management of the wetland, for the aim of restoring the functionality and integrity of the wetland. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

This study explores the creation of the control system in a hi-tech corporation that seeks to be modern and efficient, to see how managers create a new managerial system by combining Western theories with the Chinese context. All social action is constituted by a multiplicity of discourses and meanings. Understanding this action requires knowledge of the ways in which people in specific circumstances connect these discourses and negotiate their complex meanings. Here the concept of organizational culture is seen as a process rather than a stable structure or system. This case study views corporate management as a complex and uneven historical process that entails heterogeneous cultural practices shaped by diverse meanings, sentiments, and representations. In the study I find the managerial practice is presented and constructed through the manipulation, interpretation, and discourse of socio-cultural meanings. Thus it concludes that the managerial practice in the hi-tech company actually involves the integration of a constructed cultural tradition with an idealized managerial modernity. / This study explores the socio-cultural meanings behind the managerial behavior of the hi-tech corporation and how it is presented and practiced in people's daily-life. As a kind of social phenomenon, managerial control and management's attempt to seek the commitment of employees towards the organizations is universal, but in daily practice, it takes on different forms and content due to the different cultural context. This study can help better understand how China's socio-cultural traditions influence the managerial practice and the cultural discourse in contemporary Chinese corporations. / This thesis is an ethnographic study of the organizational behavior and managerial culture in China's Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun Hi-Tech Park, located in northwestern Beijing. It focuses on one corporation to explore how a scientific, effective and standardized managerial system is being created, interpreted and practiced. The study is based upon nearly one year of fieldwork in two corporations that manufacture mobile communication equipment. / 田宏亮. / Adviser: Joseph Rosco. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-231). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Tian Hongliang.

The advent of democracy in the Republic of South Africa has brought about fundamental changes in the spheres of governance. One of these changes is the implementation of the employee performance management and development system in the public service. One of the Constitutional imperatives of the country requires all government institutions to cultivate good human resource management and career development practices to maximise human potential. The Gauteng Department of Social Development and in particular, Father Smangaliso Mkhatswa Centre, is also expected to implement the employee performance management and development system. The study seeks to examine to what extent performance management can enhance employee‟s performance. To achieve this, a semi-structured interview was conducted with employees of Father Smangaliso Mkhatswa Centre. The findings indicate that managers use performance management as a tool to control and discipline subordinates, whilst subordinates use performance management as a means of getting extra money through performance bonuses. This could be the reason that performance assessment period is viewed as a period of high tension between supervisors and subordinates. / Public Administration & Management / M.P.A.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1995, despite the consultative processes with regards to Rationalisation and Redeployment, many stakeholders did not accept, nor understand the rationale behind the government's drive to redistribute human resources. It is widely known that there existed immense tensions and conflicts between educators and bureaucrats on the issue, which played itself out in the Grove Primary School case, as well as the withdrawal of regulations because of a 'threatened strike', due to government's disregard for participatory democracy. Using a case study, within the Gauteng province, this research investigated the experiences and perceptions of key policy actors on the policy planning and implementation processes by tracking the development of social dialogue during this process. The conceptual framework for this study was provided in the work of Cheng and Cheung (1995), who provided a generic empirical education policy analysis model, which tracks the policy processes within linear phases. Fifty indicators were identified, which were used to measure the efficacy of the policy-making process, as well as the evolution of social dialogue in the policy discourse. This study argues that in an endeavour to implement redress and equity, the policy employed had its inherent weaknesses. The researcher used a structured questionnaire to measure key policy actors (formulators and implementers), experiences and perceptions of the process employed. The qualitative methodology, which was supported by the quantitative data analysis approach, exposed that bureaucratic attitude towards socio-political participation, a technocratic approach to educational imperatives, strong union organisation, empowered parents, and the lack of capacity at certain levels of administration to deal with resistance directly and indirectly, contributed to the ambiguous success of this policy intervention. The purpose of this research was to assist in improving the efficacy of the policy pathways, by proposing a modified strategy, which includes dialogue with all relevant role players. In focusing primarily on the analysis of the Rationalisation and Redeployment Policy process, the findings of this empirical research have therefore shown how opinions and perceptions about the efficacy of a policy process are directly linked to the experiences of policy actors with regards to social dialogue during the process. As any interventionist policy is a negotiated responsibility of all educational role players, in order to promote an enabling educative environment, the consultative, as well as the policy processes proposed in this study, are based on principles grounded in research which makes optimal use of existing structures. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert 1995, ten spyte van die konsultatiewe proses rakende rasionalisasie en her-ontplooing, het min van die rolspelers die proses aanvaar, of die rasionaal agter die regering se poging om menslike hulpbronne te herversprei verstaan. Dit is alombekend dat daar reuse spanning en konflik tussen opvoeders en burokrate, gesentreer rondom die Grove Primêre Skool saak, bestaan het. Dit het saamgegaan met die ontrekking van regulasies -as gevolg van 'n beoogde staking weens die regering se miskenning van deelnemende demokrasie. Hierdie studie maak gebruik van 'n gevalle studie in die Gauteng provinsie. Hiervolgens is daar 'n ondersoek na die ervarings en persepsies van sleutel beleidsrolspleers ten opsigte van beleidsbeplanning en implementeringsprosesse. Die hoofidee is om die ontwikkeling van die sosiale dialoog binne die provinsiale onderwys na te spoor. Die konsepsuele raamwerk word verskaf deur Cheng and Cheung (1995), wie se werk 'n generiese empiriese onderwysbeleidsontleding model voortgebring het. Hierdie model volg die beleidsproses binne liniêre fases. Vyftig aanwysers word geïdentifiseer, wat gebruik word om die effektiwiteit van die beleidsformuleringproses sowel as die evolusie van sosiale dialoog te meet. Hierdie studie voer aan dat in die poging om herverspreding en gelykberegtiging te implementeer, die rasionalisasie en her-ontplooing proses opsigself inherente swakhede gehad het. "n Gestruktueerde vraelys, om sleutel rolspelers se ervarings en persepsies van die beleidsproses te meet, is gebruik. Hierdie navorsing bring na vore die feit dat burokratiese houdings jeens sosiopolitiese deelname, "n tegnokratiese benadering tot opvoedkundige imperatiewe, sterk vakbondorganisasie, bemagtigde ouers, en bestuursvlak se onvermoë om weerstand te hanteer, bygedra het tot die dubbelsinnige sukses van hierdie beleidsintervensie. Die doel van die navorsing is om die effektiwiteit van die beleidsweë te verbeter. Dit word gedoen deur die voorstel van 'n gewysigde strategie, wat die dialoog van alle relevante rolsplers insluit. Deur primêr te fokus op die rasionalisasie en her-ontplooing proses, wys die navorsing dat opinies en persepsies rondom die effektiwiteit van 'n beleidsproses direk gekoppel is aan die ervarings van beleidsrolspelers met betrekking tot sosiale dialoog. Die konsultatiewe sowel as die beleidsprosesse wat voorgestel word in hierdie studie is gebaseer op beginsels wat opsigself gefundeer is in navorsing wat van die bestaande strukture optimaal gebruik maak.

Ip, Chung Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-153). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / CONTENTS --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzle and Theoretical Questions / Chapter 1.2 --- Casing a Case: The Life Insurance Industry as a Critical Case to Study the Labor Process in Interactive Service Work Organizations / Chapter 1.3 --- Literature Review and Theoretical Framework / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Marxist Labor Process Theories / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Labor Control in Interactive Service Work / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Emotional Labor in Interactive Service Work Context / Chapter 1.3.4 --- The Deterministic Description on the Negative Consequences of Emotional Labor / Chapter 1.3.5 --- The Missing Subject in Labor Process Theory / Chapter 1.3.6 --- "Gender, Work, and Identity" / Chapter 1.4 --- The Research / Chapter 1.5 --- Overview of the Thesis / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- An Overview of Life Insurance Industry in Hong Kong --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1 --- Life Insurance Market in Hong Kong / Chapter 2.2 --- Organizational Structure: Agency Management System / Chapter 2.3 --- The Commission System / Chapter 2.4 --- Nature of Services and Public Perception of the Industry / Chapter 2.5 --- My Cases: Mutual Trust and Synergy / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Ideological Control in Life Insurance Industry --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Comprehensive and Ail-Round Training: Teaching Practical Sales Techniques and Cultivating a Mind of Success / Chapter 3.2 --- Money and Motivation: Transforming Labor Power into Labor / Chapter 3.3 --- Dedicatory Ethics: Serving Your Clients and Contributing the Society / Chapter 3.4 --- Missionary Sales Personnel: Maximizing Exploitation and Minimizing Resistance / Chapter 3.5 --- Entrepreneurial Spirit and Partnership Metaphor: Securing Profits and Obscuring Control / Chapter 3.6 --- Altruistic Work Culture: Releasing Work Stress and Retaining Agents / Chapter 3.7 --- """Love, Care, and Concern"": Eliciting Cooperation and Generating Consent" / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Managing the Selves in Selling Life Insurance --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- Impression Management or Surface Acting: Doing Trust- and Relationship-Building Activities / Chapter 4.2 --- Deep Acting: Selling Life Insurance plus Selling One's Soul / Chapter 4.3 --- "Managed Feelings: Commercialization of Selves, Human Relations, and Interpersonal Trust" / Chapter 4.4 --- "Alienation, Burnout, and Emotional Exhaustion: Understanding the Negative Consequences of Emotional Labor" / Chapter 4.5 --- Emotions in Relational Service Exchanges: Refining the Concept of Emotional Labor / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Searching for the Subjectivities of Life Insurance Agents --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1 --- Bringing the Subject Back In: Workers as Victims versus Workers as Actors / Chapter 5.2 --- Shifting Alliances: The Three-Way Dynamics of Control / Chapter 5.3 --- Maintaining a Sense of Self: Gendered Strategies of Resistance / Chapter 5.4 --- Job Satisfaction: Gendering Consent and Autonomy / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Theorizing the Labor Process in Service Work Organizations --- p.134 / Chapter 6.1 --- Motivations in Work Organizations / Chapter 6.2 --- Three-Way Dynamics of Control / Chapter 6.3 --- A New Form of Emotional Labor / Chapter 6.4 --- Subjects in the Workplace / Chapter 6.5 --- Limitations of the Present Study / Appendix 1 List of Authorized Life Insurers in Hong Kong --- p.141 / Appendix 2 Career Path in Life Insurance Industry --- p.143 / Appendix 3 Personal Information of Informants --- p.144 / Bibliography --- p.146

在全球基金總部要求擴大公民社會參與度的背景下，2006年4月，非政府組織聯合發起運動，反對中國全球基金國家協調委員會秘書處組織的兩名民間社會代表的選舉，要求增加參與權和改善選舉程式。本研究採用質性研究方法，對這場由非政府組織發起的政策倡導運動的發生原因、運動發起方的構成與真實力量、運動參與方在期間的互動過程與策略運用以及運動所能達成的成果展開分析，為社會運動理論在中國的適用與變化提供實證研究基礎上的探索，對非政府組織在中國環境下謀求組織發展及拓寬政治參與空間提出建議。 / 本研究回顧了中國愛滋病問題的背景與現狀、西方社會運動研究理論體系與相關研究成果以及中國抗爭政治研究，採用動員結構與政治機會結構為核心的分析框架，發現： / （1）在西方社會運動理論研究中沒有重要地位的傘狀組織關係在在CCM選舉運動動員結構中扮演了關鍵角色，增加了運動發起方的整體力量與合法性來源，並呈現出多層級傘狀組織結構。 / （2）CCM選舉運動聯盟距離臨時性、適當制度化和去中心化的目標尚有距離，正在向理想的外部動員結構轉化，目前呈現出非政府組織聯盟與多層級傘狀組織相結合的動員結構。 / （3）中國目前宏觀政治環境中存在倡導型運動的生存空間。通過一系列的策略選擇與運用，運動發起方可以發掘、詮釋、擴大政治機會，不斷營造運動發展空間，尤其是對國際因素的敏銳把握與利用，成功將運動不斷推進。 / （4）政治機會結構四要素並不是平行發揮作用。在國家鎮壓能力基本穩定維持不變的情況下，政治體制內同盟者的存在對政治管道和政治精英體制穩定性發揮主導作用，進而對運動進程和結果帶來深遠影響。 / 本研究提出了目前CCM選舉運動的動員結構特徵，以及運動發起方在對政治機會把握、利用過程中的優點與缺陷，並提議加入跨界拓展作為考察外部動員結構的分析視角，在政治機會結構四要素的分析中整合國際因素的影響，最後提出對非政府組織發展，國際項目管理和相關政策的建議。 / Since Global Fund claimed for expanding public participation in civil society, in the April of 2006 NGOs made allies to launch a movement against the election organized by CCM Secretariat, requiring adding the right of participation and improving election procedures. With qualitative research method, this paper analyzes the reason, process and result including interactions and strategies among participants of this advocacy movement organized by NGOs, providing evidence-based study for employment and adaptation of the social movement theory in China; and makes suggestions for NGOs to expand organization development and political participation in the context of China. / This study adopts mobilization structure and political opportunity structure in the theory of social movement as core theoretical framework based on reviewing the background and status quo of AIDS issue in China, the theory and relevant studies of social movement as well as studies on China contentious politics. Findings are as follows: / 1.Umbrella organizations, which are of less emphasis in the western studies of social movement, play a key role in CCM election movement mobilization. It increases organizers’ overall strength and legitimacy and shows a multi-level structure. / 2.CCM election movement allies haven't yet achieved being temporary, proper institutionalized and decentralized, and are converting into ideal external mobilization structure, demonstrating integration among NGOs allies and multi-level umbrella organizations at present. / 3.There exists living space for advocacy movements in the context of political environment in China. Organizers are able to detect, interpret, extend political opportunity via exertion of strategies, especially taking advantage of international factor, and, consequently, push the movement forward successfully / 4.Four components of political opportunity structure are not equally important. Under the circumstance that the state remains its ability of repression, political elite allies play a more leading role than the access to participation and the stability of ruling alignments and influence profoundly on both process and result of the movement. / This paper delineates the mobilization structure of CCM election movement as well as the disadvantages and advantages of organizers, when they were holding political opportunities and taking advantages of them. Allies cross borders are added as a new angle of view to analyze external mobilization structure. International factor is integrated with four components of political opportunity structure to analyze the issue. Suggestions are made for organization development of NGOs, international projects management and policy reform in the end. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 王泳. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-258) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Wang Yong. / 致謝 --- p.5 / 研究摘要 --- p.6 / Chapter 第一部分 --- 研究問題與研究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.12 / Chapter 一 --- 緣起 --- p.12 / Chapter 二 --- 研究背景與簡介 --- p.13 / Chapter 三 --- 研究問題 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.18 / Chapter 一 --- 中國愛滋病問題回顧與現狀 --- p.18 / 問題的浮現 --- p.18 / 現有公共政策的缺陷 --- p.21 / 憤怒之源“血漿經濟 --- p.22 / 愛滋病領域內的先鋒，NGO介入與資訊披露 --- p.25 / 來自基層的普遍抗爭與草根小組的大量湧現 --- p.30 / 聯合抗爭的逐漸形成 --- p.36 / Chapter 二 --- 西方社會運動理論及其研究發展歷程 --- p.38 / 社會運動理論與研究在歐洲的發展 --- p.40 / 美國早期的社會運動研究與理論發展 --- p.41 / 二十世紀九十年代以來政治過程研究與理論的新發展 --- p.43 / 新社會運動 --- p.48 / Chapter 三 --- 中國社會運動與抗爭政治的研究與理論 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三章 --- 概念與理論框架 --- p.62 / Chapter 一 --- 本研究的概念體系 --- p.62 / 草根組織 --- p.62 / 非政府組織 --- p.63 / 以社區為基礎的組織 --- p.66 / 政府主導的非政府組織 --- p.66 / 民間組織 --- p.67 / 國際組織 --- p.67 / Chapter 二 --- 理論框架 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四章 --- 研究設計 --- p.76 / Chapter 一 --- 研究範式與方法 --- p.76 / Chapter 二 --- 研究者的角色 --- p.87 / Chapter 三 --- 訪談對象的抽樣方法 --- p.92 / Chapter 四 --- 資料收集、分析與研究質量 --- p.94 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 研究發現 --- p.100 / Chapter 第五章 --- 全球基金中國國家協調委員會2006年選舉事件始末 --- p.100 / Chapter 一 --- 全球基金中國項目背景與CCM改革 --- p.100 / Chapter 二 --- 第一階段：官方主導的選舉與衝突的產生 --- p.103 / Chapter 三 --- 第二階段 民間選舉與選舉結果合法性爭辯 --- p.107 / Chapter 四 --- 第三階段：獨立第三方調查 --- p.114 / Chapter 五 --- 第四階段：武漢大會與重新選舉 --- p.118 / Chapter 第六章 --- CM選舉事件中抗爭活動的動員結構 --- p.127 / Chapter 一 --- 草根組織與非政府組織的連接 --- p.127 / “愛知行的來龍去脈 --- p.128 / “愛知行與草根組織的關係 --- p.130 / 民間獨立選舉會議之前的動員措施 --- p.137 / 非政府組織參加選舉的動機 --- p.139 / 總結 --- p.143 / Chapter 二 --- 非政府組織聯盟 --- p.145 / 非政府組織間聯盟 --- p.146 / 跨界聯盟與社會關係網絡 --- p.149 / 總結 --- p.154 / Chapter 三 --- 結論 --- p.155 / Chapter 第七章 --- CCM選舉事件中的政治機會分析 --- p.164 / Chapter 一 --- 運動初始階段的政治機會 --- p.165 / CCM選舉抗爭前的政治機會結構 --- p.165 / 政治機會條件成熟與運動的發起 --- p.171 / Chapter 二 --- 運動發展階段的多方互動 --- p.175 / 獨立選舉方的抗爭策略 --- p.175 / 獨立選舉反對方的壓制策略 --- p.183 / 多元利益的角逐 --- p.187 / Chapter 三 --- 結論 --- p.191 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 總結與討論 --- p.195 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結 --- p.195 / CCM選舉運動的動員結構 --- p.196 / CCM選舉運動的政治機會空間 --- p.199 / 研究貢獻 --- p.204 / 研究局限 --- p.205 / 未來研究方向 --- p.206 / Chapter 第九章 --- 討論與建議 --- p.207 / Chapter 一 --- 非政府組織發展與運動策略 --- p.207 / Chapter 二 --- 國際愛滋病項目的運作與管理 --- p.209 / Chapter 三 --- 政策建議 --- p.211 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 訪談提綱 --- p.214 / 對NGO的訪談提綱 --- p.214 / 對草根小組的訪談提綱： --- p.215 / 對參與抗爭行動的HIV感染者的訪問提綱 --- p.216 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 訪談同意書 --- p.218 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 受訪者基本情況 --- p.221 / 參考文獻 --- p.223

Archival legislation is a crucial tool for the public sector to ensure the management, preservation and access of a country’s national documentary heritage. In Mozambique, archival legislation has been enacted which sets the scene for records appraisal and disposition, as well as classification schemes and retention schedules for administrative records of governmental bodies falling under the auspices of the Act. As a result, public agencies in Mozambique are required by the archival legislation to adopt a systematic and organized approach to the management of their records from creation to disposal. Despite this, the records management processes of many public entities in Mozambique have remained ineffective and inefficient. This study utilized the record life cycle concept as a framework to assess the state of implementation of the National Archives and Records Management Act at Eduardo Mondlane University (EMU) in Mozambique. The study applied a quantitative research approach with triangulation of data collection tools, namely, questionnaire and document analysis. The study revealed that EMU has only established one central records appraisal and disposal committee for its directorate units, which has not coped with the records management demands from other academic units such as faculties, schools and research centers. In most of the academic units the records management staff were not involved in the training, records appraisal and disposal processes, as well as in the destruction and/or transfer of records to the Mozambique Historical Archives (MHA), as required by legislation. The study concludes that most EMU units do not comply with archival legislation resulting in few provisions of the Act being implemented. The study therefore recommends that the records management function at EMU should put in place the basic procedures of control for records management systems with the leadership taking a proative role in the strategic planning, budgeting and monitoring. A further empirical study on the assessment of the state of implementation of the National Archives and Records Management Act throughout the entire public sector in Mozambique is recommended. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Archival Science)

This study investigated how institutional conditions and cultures enabled or impeded the development and implementation of academic professional development programmes in Zimbabwe State universities. The study was prompted by undervaluing of academic professional development in Zimbabwe State universities manifested by its absence in half of the institutions. Literature suggests that factors that enable or impede implementation of academic staff development programmes include irrelevant academic professional programmes and influence of departmental cultures. The critical theory paradigm guided this study because the intention was to change and transform teaching practices by gaining insights on academics‘ perspectives on conditions that influence implementation of academic staff development programmes. A qualitative study was employed where interviews, focus group discussions, documents and questionnaires were used. Two state universities were conveniently sampled from which sixteen academics, four deans, two Directors of the Teaching and Learning Centres and two Vice Chancellors were purposively selected to participate in the study. The research produced findings reflecting that disciplines have huge influence on the development and implementation of academic professional development in higher education institutions. The scholarship of research constrained the scholarship of teaching in higher education practice. It was realised that academics‘ research interests subordinate teaching interests and by implication academic professional development programmes. This influences academics to have negative attitudes towards academic professional development programmes resulting in poor uptake of the programmes. It also emerged from the findings that promotion policies favour research over teaching resulting in academics marginalising teaching in their academic roles. It also emerged clearly as well that good researchers are not necessarily good teachers and that holding a PhD does not translate an academic to be a good teacher. However, it also emerged that departmental cultures can be used to promote interdisciplinary research which academic professional development might embrace in its practice. The research experienced limitations in terms of time and threat to confidentiality but their effects were countered through control measures effected by the researcher. The study recommends that State universities should set up teaching and learning centres that will lead in the development of a culture that values teaching and learning in faculties in which academic professional development programmes will professionalize university teaching The study also recommends that academic professional development should address needs of academics for them to be relevant and that their approach should include formal courses such as Post Graduate Diploma in Higher Education in which teaching in higher education is valued / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

This study is about assessing security measures in the hotel industry in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The researcher divided Gauteng into five regions (Mogale City; Tshwane; Central Johannesburg; Ekurhuleni; and Sedibeng). The researcher adopted the qualitative approach where one-on-one interviews were conducted with the participants. There were 20 hotels that were selected to participate in the study. From the 20 hotels, where only one participant from each was involved, the researcher conducted one-on-one interviews with twenty (20) Security Managers or anybody who was responsible for the security functions at senior level at the hotels. A semi-structured interview schedule with probing questions was used as a guide to obtain comprehensive information about security measures from the participants. Random sampling approach was used in the study. From the population of 70 hotels in Gauteng, where the sample of twenty (20) was derived, was the group within which the researcher was interested in for obtaining data. Since Gauteng Province is huge, the researcher only conducted research within the four metropolitan areas consisting of Johannesburg, Mogale City, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni. The aims and objectives of the research study are as follows: • Outline the nature of business that hotels are engaged in; • Investigate if there are security policies and procedures as part of effective security component; • Examine what important assets need to be protected at hotel facilities; • Uncover the risks facing assets in the hotel facilities; • Determine what incidents of loss took place in the hotel facilities; • Examine what assets are mainly targeted by perpetrators at hotels; • Uncover the profile and modus operandi of hotel perpetrators; • Examine the effectiveness of security measures and systems that are put in place at hotels; • Explore if security systems are integrated at hotels; • Determine the frequency of conducting risk assessment at hotels; • Check if pre and post-employment screening is conducted for security officers at hotels; • Find out if the guests inquire about security measures when making reservations; and • Find out how guests feel about security at the hotel facilities. The study revealed the following: • Hotels are business entities which attract different types of guests, nationally and internationally. Different services that are offered at the hotels which make hotels the main choice of destination to the guests are: accommodation for sleeping, leisure, and work commitments such as workshops or conferences. The study also revealed that most of the clientele comes from the corporate sector. • There are basic security measures in place in the hotels. These range from security policies, security procedures, physical security (for example, technological security such as Close Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance system, adequate security lighting, security personnel (contract or in-house), alarm systems, armed response, access control systems and security fence or walls). The security measures were also appeared to be put in place in accordance with the location of the hotel. If the hotel was surrounded by other business areas, the level of security was more focused in the inner security layer. If the hotel was standing alone, the different security layers (the inner security layer, the outer and the middle security layers) were adequately protected. • Hotels are faced with different risks such as theft, prostitution, murder and assault, among others. Theft however was found to be across the board; for example, people were stealing the hoteliers’ property or the guests’ property. • Prostitution was found to be prevalent at hotels. Prominent people from political arena, corporate environment and other guests were interested in the prostitutes. Prostitutes were said to have their own modus operandi of using drugs to their prospective clients and then rob them of their money and belongings thereafter. • Most of the assets which are targeted by hotel perpetrators were found to be: guests/hotel money, hotel goods, guests’ cars, goods in guests’ cars, televisions, home music systems and mobile devices such as laptops and cell phones. • The profile and modus operandi of hotel perpetrators. • Security assessments are conducted at hotels so as to figure out what security risks are facing the hotels. • Hotels need to be protected at all times against criminality as it tarnishes their image. • Most of the guests do enquire about the safety of the hotel before making a booking. Some of the guests mainly from the corporate sector do send their security specialists to assess the level of security at the hotel prior to making a booking. As the findings on this study were based on aims and objectives, recommendations for crime combating, proactive protection and future research were identified. The recommendations will, hopefully, also improve any inadequate security measures that may have been revealed by the study. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminal Justice)

Rangers, as vanguards of wildlife conservation, are constantly fighting off armed poachers. That makes their work stressful and dangerous. In spite of this, their needs are neglected and are not considered as the focus is on saving wildlife. Undoubtedly, the African continent is not spared from the unrelenting poaching menace that threatens to drive the world’s wildlife spicies into extinction. In response to this scourge, countries, in their quest to safeguard these species from extermination, have signed various treaties, continuously come up with different strategies and pledged their support to fight illegal wildlife trading. This study was conducted at Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HIP) and Mkhuze Game Reserve, which are under the management of Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Wildlife Management. These parks have turned into a battlefield between poachers and rangers. The intrinsic case study approach which is explorative and interpretive in perspective was used to unravel and describe the experiences from the world view of rangers. A descriptive qualitative research design was used to gain insight from the rangers about their challenges and needs in the workplace. Furthermore, developmental research was used to design and develop a tailor- made technology – a ranger resilience-building model – to assist rangers to deal with their workplace challenges. Focus group discussions were conducted with a group of rangers, while individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers in order to solicit information from purposively selected sample of rangers and managers at HIP and Mkhuze game reserve, that assisted in the development of the model. Ethical considerations, which involve the informed consent of the participants, confidentiality and privacy, participants’ right to withdraw from the study and the management of information, were applied to ensure that the participants were protected from harm. The collected data was analysed by using codes and themes that best described the experiences of the rangers, and data verification was done before the process of model development. It was evident that rangers are faced with a variety of workplace challenges, such as poor quality of work life, unpleasant living conditions, coupled with poor amenities, inadequte wellness interventions, and the poor management and implementation of policies by the Human Resources (HR) Department. Nevertheless, teamwork and their cultural practices were positive aspects that promoted their coping capacities in dealing with their everyday challenges. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)