Na presente pesquisa é realizada a avaliação dos planos de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos (PGIRSU) em cidades amazônicas. Foram alvos das reflexões todas as dezoito experiência elaboradas e implantadas na região. Além de revisão bibliográfica, foram realizadas visitas de campo e entrevistas aos secretários responsáveis pelo serviço nos 18 lugares, onde aferiu-se que os resultados foram aquém do definido nos PGIRSU. Ao longo deste trabalho, pode-se perceber os motivos do insucesso da empreita: os conceitos e as estratégias que embasaram os planos não eram adequados a realidade dos municípios e a ausência de outros instrumentos de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos 3 níveis de Governo inviabiliza a gestão integrada. O trabalho é finalizado com a avaliação dos 18 PGIRSU, segundo o método de avaliação de Planos de GIRSU proposto nesta tese. Um novo conceito de PGIRSU foi formulado. Por fim, concluiu-se que a Amazônia imprescinde de formas específicas de intervenção decorrente de suas características físicas e de seu histórico de ocupação. / In the present study is performed to assess the plans for the integrated management of municipal solid waste (PGIRSU) in Amazonian cities. Reflections were targets of all eighteen experience designed and implemented in the region. In addition to literature review were conducted field visits and interviews with the secretaries responsible for the service in the 18 places where that has measured the results were below the set in PGIRSU. Throughout this paper, one can see the reasons for the failure of the enterprise: the concepts and strategies that have underpinned the plans were not adequate to the reality of the municipalities and the absence of other management tools of municipal solid waste in three levels of government undermines the integrated management. The job ends with an assessment of 18 PGIRSU, according to the method of evaluation of plans Girsu proposed in this thesis. A new concept of PGIRSU was formulated. Finally, it was concluded that Amazon lacks specific forms of interference, physical characteristics and its history of occupation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in terms of the existence and enforcement of risk management plans within high school athletic departments. Another purpose was to identify the common practices related to risk management currently utilized. The present study had a response rate of 16.7%. The results showed that 76.2 % of the respondents (N=816) conduct interscholastic activities with the support of risk management plans, but there are still 23.8% of those interscholastic athletic departments where risk management plans are nonexistent. In addition, from those who indicated having a risk management plan, 28% do not enforce it. A majority of respondents seem to be employing risk management best practices consistently, but there is an indication of a less than desired level of adoption of some practices (i.e., informed consent forms, pre-season sport specific meetings, ADA compliance, coach evaluation and written criteria, safety training, accessibility of AED’s, and warning signs). The results of our study showed a statistically significant relationship between the athletic directors’ years of experience and the adoption of certain risk management practices (i.e. coach evaluation, evaluation criteria, risk management enforcement, and hazard abatement), but (surprisingly) not to the adoption of other similarly important practices. This study provides high school athletic administrators and principals with relevant information that can be used to support their decision to adopt and enforce risk management plans for interscholastic athletic activities.

No description available.

This study discusses the monitoring requirements of an effluent credit trading system that allows point source discharges to purchase effluent reductions by financing agricultural nonpoint source best management practices. It describes the results of a national survey of existing trading programs that assessed how each program determines nonpoint source baseline pollutant discharges, pollutant reductions attributable to best management practices, verification of best management practice(s) installation and maintenance activities, and how often this verification is performed. This study surveyed the nonpoint source discharge monitoring programs of several of the successful effluent credit trading systems in the U.S. It documents and discusses specific characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant discharge monitoring strategies. Finally, this thesis compares trading program discharge monitoring characteristics to the current Virginia Cost-Share nonpoint source monitoring program. The goal of this study is to recommend elements of a nonpoint source discharge monitoring strategy to the Commonwealth of Virginia that can be used in a trading program of its own. The study shows that the majority of existing effluent credit trading programs use watershed models and land use evaluation algorithms to indirectly monitor nonpoint source pollutant discharges on a watershed basis rather than relying on empirical sampling and analysis activities for individual farms of fields. Monitoring takes a variety of forms to provide the diverse information necessary to indirectly determine nonpoint source discharges. Most trading programs monitoring strategies are no more comprehensive than agricultural cost-share programs even though many stakeholders believe that a trading program's monitoring activities should be exact enough to determine contributions from individual nonpoint sources to support the payments for individual activities. This objection is a barrier to the acceptance of trading programs by the public. A Virginia trading program must enhance its agricultural best management practice cost-share program monitoring practices to track nonpoint source discharges from individual farms or fields to be accepted and successful. / Master of Engineering

Purpose of Study. The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus torquatus Gmelin) is well enough known to need no introduction. It is at present undoubtedly the most abundant and most important gallinaceous game bird in northern Utah. Its abundance and its occurrence in agricultural areas has stimulated much general interest. Yet, aside from two food habits studies, both conducted in Utah County, no intensive research has been made into its ecological relationships or its general life history in Utah. In order to formulate sound management plans for the pheasant in Utah, the Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit has felt the need for basic information regarding its mortality phases, movements, food habits, habitat preferences, interspecific relationships, and its effect on cultivated crops and the effect of farm practices upon its numbers and distributions.

Because of the importance of Research Data Management (RDM) in the life sciences, where vast amounts of research data in different complex formats are being produced, this study aimed to assess the state of RDM readiness in the life sciences at Wits to ascertain what support is needed with regards to RDM. In order to achieve the aim, the current RDM practices and needs of researchers, as well as the challenges they face, were investigated. The Jisc Research Data Lifecycle (Jisc, 2021a) was used to guide the literature review, frame data collection, analyse data and advise on some of the main findings and recommendations. A mixed methods approach and an explanatory sequential design were used to achieve the research objectives. For the quantitative phase of research, an online questionnaire was used to collect data. As the total target population (282) was not big, a census was conducted. The questionnaire was administered using SurveyMonkey software. During the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured interviews were used to explain the quantitative results. Five participants were purposively sampled to take part in interviews. The statistical package, MS Excel, was used to analyse quantitative data whilst qualitative data were analysed by thematic analysis. The study showed that life sciences researchers at Wits have adopted many RDM practices, and researchers are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of the openness of data. However, they are dealing with similar RDM issues as their peers worldwide. Results highlighted challenges of, amongst others, the lack of an RDM policy as well as the lack of, or unawareness of, appropriate RDM training and support at Wits. As formal implementation of RDM still needs to take place at Wits, it is recommended that Wits puts an RDM policy in place, followed by suitable RDM infrastructure and awareness making of current services.

Na gestão da água, o planejamento é o processo que busca definir as melhores alternativas de utilização dos recursos, orientando a tomada de decisão no alcance dos melhores resultados ambientais, sociais e econômicos Assim, o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica (PBH), que desempenha o papel de planejamento, adquire relevância crescente em função da escassez dos recursos hídricos. Entretanto, no contexto brasileiro, uma série de condições têm limitado a efetiva implementação e adoção desses planos por parte dos diversos atores e setores usuários. Por outro lado, é cada vez mais frequente em âmbito internacional a utilização da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) no processo de formulação de PBHs, com ênfase no papel que a AAE pode desempenhar na coordenação e integração entre os diferentes níveis de planejamento. Assim, por meio de revisão em literatura específica e análise documental de relatórios de AAEs desenvolvidas no contexto francês de planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos, foram avaliadas as potenciais contribuições da AAE para os PBHs do Brasil. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, se utilizadas abordagens participativas, ajustadas à estrutura político-institucional existente, sem, contudo, negligenciar os procedimentos básicos que fundamentam esse instrumento de Avaliação Ambiental, a AAE pode agregar valor a todas as etapas do processo de elaboração de PBHs que, desta forma, terão seus resultados ampliados no sentido da efetiva Gestão Integrada dos Recursos Hídricos. / In water management, planning is the process that seeks to define the best alternatives use resources, guide decision-making in order to produce the best economic, social and environmental results. Therefore becomes relevant the role to be played by River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs), one of the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy (Law 9.433/1997). However, in the current context of water management of Brazil, these plans have run into a number of conditions that limit the results, imposing difficulties to the effective implementation and adoption of these plans by the various actors and user sectors. On the other hand, it is increasingly common internationally the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in RBMPs formulation, with emphasis on the role that SEA can play in the process of coordination and integration between the different levels of planning. Thus, through a review of the literature and document analysis of SEA reports, developed in the French context of planning and management of water resources, were evaluated the potentials SEA\'s contributions for RBMPs in Brazil. The results indicated that if used participatory approaches, adjusted to the existing political and institutional framework, without, however, neglecting the basic procedures underlying the instrument, SEA has potential contributions verified in all stages of the RBMPs formulation process that in this way, have expanded their results towards the effective Integrated Water Resources Management in the country.

Climate change will pose increasing challenges to forest managers working to achieve sustainable forest management in the boreal forest. A logical starting point for climate change adaptation is to proactively identify management practices and policies that have a higher likelihood of achieving management objectives across a wide range of potential climate futures. This research implemented an approach to identifying such measures by tapping into the experiential knowledge base of local forest practitioners. The assessment was organized according to a structured decision-making (SDM) approach. Northern forest practitioners consider the goals of climate change adaptation to be synonymous with those of sustainable forest management indicating that the criteria for the conservation and sustainable management of boreal forests as defined by the Montréal Process are suitable objectives against which the performance of alternative adaptation options can be assessed. The case study area for this research was the Champagne and Aishihik Traditional Territory of southwest Yukon where a climatically-driven, large-scale spruce bark beetle disturbance has been driving forest management planning yet climate change considerations have not been directly addressed in the planning process. Twenty-four adaptation options were identified as being important to implement in forest development areas to achieve regional goals and objectives of forest management across three scenarios of climate change. In addition, the performance of alternative strategies to re-establish forests was assessed. Results indicate that the applicability of alternative forest renewal adaptation strategies is strongly related to the objectives of forest management which differed across the forest management planning area. However, since none of the strategies were judged to perform highly across any of the scenarios of climate change, additional work is needed to explore whether a threshold of acceptability can be met even with the adoption of adjustments to forest management policies and practices. If not, management objectives themselves may need to be revised. An extensive list of research and monitoring needs were also identified, an indication that climate change is providing the imperative for a more comprehensive research and monitoring program to support the sustainable management of forest resources in this region. The next steps in a SDM approach are to implement adaptation options and strategies deemed appropriate and to monitor their performance in achieving management objectives within an adaptive management context.

Climate change will pose increasing challenges to forest managers working to achieve sustainable forest management in the boreal forest. A logical starting point for climate change adaptation is to proactively identify management practices and policies that have a higher likelihood of achieving management objectives across a wide range of potential climate futures. This research implemented an approach to identifying such measures by tapping into the experiential knowledge base of local forest practitioners. The assessment was organized according to a structured decision-making (SDM) approach. Northern forest practitioners consider the goals of climate change adaptation to be synonymous with those of sustainable forest management indicating that the criteria for the conservation and sustainable management of boreal forests as defined by the Montréal Process are suitable objectives against which the performance of alternative adaptation options can be assessed. The case study area for this research was the Champagne and Aishihik Traditional Territory of southwest Yukon where a climatically-driven, large-scale spruce bark beetle disturbance has been driving forest management planning yet climate change considerations have not been directly addressed in the planning process. Twenty-four adaptation options were identified as being important to implement in forest development areas to achieve regional goals and objectives of forest management across three scenarios of climate change. In addition, the performance of alternative strategies to re-establish forests was assessed. Results indicate that the applicability of alternative forest renewal adaptation strategies is strongly related to the objectives of forest management which differed across the forest management planning area. However, since none of the strategies were judged to perform highly across any of the scenarios of climate change, additional work is needed to explore whether a threshold of acceptability can be met even with the adoption of adjustments to forest management policies and practices. If not, management objectives themselves may need to be revised. An extensive list of research and monitoring needs were also identified, an indication that climate change is providing the imperative for a more comprehensive research and monitoring program to support the sustainable management of forest resources in this region. The next steps in a SDM approach are to implement adaptation options and strategies deemed appropriate and to monitor their performance in achieving management objectives within an adaptive management context.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4194129 bytes, checksum: 9934cc3d9789a358fa6ca650b0558200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The situation of the solid wastes in the Viçosa city, as well as in the majority of the Brazilian cities, alert to the necessity of the search of actions for the adequacy of its management to the environmental standards. With this project, used methodologies are intended to be developed and evaluated, aiming to the development of a systematic of action for the elaboration of a residential solid waste integrated management plan for the Viçosa city, and to search the possibility of its application in other small and medium cities in Minas Gerais. The stages to be contemplated in the present work are: generation, keeping, collect, transport, treatment and final destination of the residential solid wastes. In face of these conditions, and respecting the budgetary difficulties of the city, solutions had been studied aiming at the improvement of all parts of the urban cleaning system, minimizing in this way the environment and social impacts, the risks of accidents at work, reduction of the costs of waste management, increment of the selective collection, beyond the reduction of cases of hospital infections caused by solid waste disease. For, current data of the management municipal system was surveyed and, by interviews with the inhabitants of the city, it was evaluated the social involvement for diagnosis structuration and analysis of alternatives. The methodology used for the elaboration of the Management Plan of Domiciliary Solid Waste, considering socioeconomics criteria, revealed adequate in all the stages of the process, since one of the intervening factors in the waste generation is the socioeconomic criteria. Although the study was carried through in the Viçosa city, the methodology could be used in other small and medium cities. / A situação dos resíduos sólidos na cidade de Viçosa/MG, bem como na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, alerta à necessidade da busca de medidas para a adequação do seu gerenciamento aos padrões ambientais. Com este projeto, pretende-se desenvolver e avaliar metodologias usualmente empregadas visando ao desenvolvimento de uma sistemática de ação para a elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos domiciliares para Viçosa, e a sua possível aplicação em outros municípios de pequeno e médio porte de Minas Gerais. As etapas a serem contempladas no presente trabalho são: geração, acondicionamento, coleta, transporte, tratamento e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares. Diante dessas condições e respeitando as dificuldades orçamentárias do município, foram estudadas soluções com vistas a melhorias em todo o setor de limpeza urbana, minimizando, dessa forma, os impactos ambientais e sociais, os riscos de acidentes de trabalho, os custos de manejo dos resíduos, possibilitando a realização da coleta seletiva, além da redução de casos de infecções hospitalares ocasionadas pelas doenças relativas aos resíduos sólidos. Para tanto, foram levantados dados atuais do sistema municipal de gerenciamento e, por meio de entrevistas junto aos moradores da cidade, foi avaliado o denvolvimento social para estruturação de um diagnóstico e análise de alternativas. A metodologia empregada para a elaboração do Plano de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, considerando critérios socioeconômicos, mostrou- se adequada em todas as etapas do processo, visto que um dos fatores intervenientes na geração dos resíduos é o socioeconômico. Apesar de o estudo ter sido realizado na cidade de Viçosa, a metodologia poderia ser utilizada em outros municípios de pequeno e médio porte.