To enhance the managerial competencies of an enterprise has become one of the most important factors to advance its competitive capacity in addition to the prices and quality of products. For an enterprise, the executives¡¦ managerial competencies are essential to its continuous development. There are two intentions of this research. First, to acquire the factors that will effect the managerial competencies of the executives and the required managerial competencies of an individual or organization. Second, to investigate the appropriate managerial competencies training needs according to the personal characters in order to shorten the training period and reduce the training cost in response to the competition of this electrical age. Through the researches of documents, cases, assessments of managerial abilities and questionnaires, I found that the assessment could illustrate the differences of executives¡¦ managerial competencies. An enterprise needs to train its personnel according to individual preferences and the firm¡¦s weakness to avoid wasting training resources. As to the training needs of executives¡¦ managerial competencies, the best methodology is to strengthen the weaknesses and adopt the training methods as ¡§Case Studies¡¨, ¡§Simulation and Practice of role-play¡¨, and ¡§Group Discussion¡¨. Regarding the abilities of administration, communication, supervisory, and cognition, the training would be better with ¡§Lessons-Giving Pedagogy¡¨. Besides, it is necessary to adopt appropriate methodology according to the training of a certain managerial competencies. ¡§Intranet Learning Methodology¡¨ is a trend of current times. It is revealed in the research that the younger executives usually more acknowledge its training effects. The best training methodology could not satisfy everyone. According to the analysis of training requirements, the effect of several well-evaluated training methods actually varies according to several personal characteristics such as their expertise, positions, seniority, education, or ages. The best training efficiency should be based on the consideration of these individual features when designing the training. ¡§The most important administrative policy is to use the right person for the right position.¡¨ This research possesses practical values on the education of enterprises¡¦ executives and the innovation of training modes. Its extensive application will be helpful to develop the executives¡¦ managerial competencies of the enterprises.

According to the survey of Multilevel Marketing (MLM) organizations report in the year 2009 conducted by Fair Trade Commission Executive Yuan, there were 4,442,000 people participated in the MLMs in Taiwan. Based on the data published by the Ministry of Interior, the population of Taiwan in the year of 2009 was 23,119,000; therefore, on average the participation rate in Multilevel Marketing Organizations in Taiwan is about 19.21%. Due to current economic uncertainty, Multilevel Marketing Organizations are especially attractive to people of all backgrounds. This is mainly because MLMs have low start-up costs, and require only basic entry level know-how to start. Although the participation rate of MLMs in Taiwan is 19.21%, the actual active number of IBOs (independent business owners) who run direct selling business is far less than the number shown on the statistics. This research is a qualitative study using the Behavioral Events Interview method to explore the managerial competency model of leaders in Multilevel Marketing organizations which further defines and includes managerial competencies clusters, managerial competencies, and managerial competencies indicators. There are six major managerial competencies clusters and sixteen sub-competencies included in this managerial competency model. The six managerial competencies clusters are ¡§Goal and Action cluster,¡¨ ¡§Cognitive cluster,¡¨ ¡§Organization Development cluster,¡¨ ¡§Leadership cluster,¡¨ ¡§Knowledge & Skill cluster,¡¨ and ¡§Personal Traits cluster.¡¨ As for the sub-competencies, they are ¡§Achievement,¡¨ ¡§Initiative,¡¨ ¡§Action,¡¨ ¡§Analytical Thinking,¡¨ ¡§Conceptual Thinking,¡¨ ¡§Information Seeking,¡¨ ¡§Organization Awareness,¡¨ ¡§Organization Development,¡¨ ¡§Developing Others,¡¨ ¡§Team and Cooperation,¡¨ ¡§Team Leadership,¡¨ ¡§Confidence,¡¨ ¡§Communication,¡¨ ¡§ Knowledge and Skill,¡¨ ¡§Dissemination of Knowledge,¡¨ and ¡§Personal Traits.¡¨ Among these, what distinguishes the managerial competency model of the leaders in MLMs from the general managerial competency model is the ¡§Organization Development cluster.¡¨ This cluster includes four competencies, which are ¡§Organization Awareness,¡¨ ¡§Organization Development,¡¨ ¡§Developing Others,¡¨ and ¡§Team and Cooperation.¡¨ In addition ¡§Action¡¨ and ¡§Dissemination of Knowledge¡¨ are also the core competencies/characteristics that leaders in MLMs possess. This managerial competencies model for leaders in Multilevel Marketing organizations can benefit three types of people. For IBOs who just join the MLMs, this model can be an educational reference for developing their managerial competencies. For leaders in MLMs, this model can be a checklist for their work performance. For people who are from the Multilevel Marketing organizations, this model can be a source for annual training programs or a reference for publications in MLM organizations.

According to the survey of Fair Trade Commission Executive Yuan, some people participate two or more than MLM organization. Excluding the number of participants, there were 4,570,000 people in the year of 2010 compared to 4,442,000 people in the year of 2008 which increased 128,000. Based on the data published by the Ministry of Interior, the population of Taiwan in the year of 2010 was 23,162,000; therefore, on average the participation rate in Multilevel Marketing Organizations in Taiwan is about 19.73% compared to the year of 2009 is about 19.21% which increased 0.52%. Then, MLM system has been many years, therefore, it to be considered that MLM system can provide service and selling successfully and effectively to consumers, and it helps salesmen or distributors can get profit. This research questionnaire is based on¡uThe Study of Managerial Competencies of Leaders in Multilevel Marketing Organizations¡vand through statistics analysis to find out the new managerial competencies. After research result, there are six major managerial competencies aspects and fifteen items included this managerial competency model. The six managerial competencies aspects are ¡§Goal and Action aspect,¡¨ ¡§Cognitive aspects,¡¨ ¡§Organization Development aspect,¡¨ ¡§Leadership aspect,¡¨ ¡§Knowledge & Skill aspect,¡¨ and ¡§Personal Traits aspect.¡¨ As for the sub-competencies items, they are ¡§Action,¡¨ ¡§Goal Setting,¡¨ ¡§Conceptual Thinking,¡¨ ¡§Information Seeking,¡¨ ¡§Team and Cooperation,¡¨ ¡§Organization Development,¡¨ ¡§Organization Communication,¡¨ ¡§Organization Awareness,¡¨ ¡§Team Leadership,¡¨ ¡§ Knowledge and Skill,¡¨ ¡§Dissemination of Knowledge,¡¨ ¡§Industries Knowledge,¡¨ and ¡§Personal Traits.¡¨ Through the statistics analysis, it can find out what kinds of the managerial competencies that the leaders should have. And the leaders can lead team members who come from other industries.

本研究以個案公司基層及中階幹部為研究對象，藉由自行發展之符合個案公司文化價值之「領導與管理行為量表」為研究工具，進一步驗證個案公司管理幹部「領導才能」與「工作績效」之關係。 本研究採用立意抽樣法回收有效問卷180份，其中包含：中階：48人（27%）、基層：132人（73%），回收樣本比例符合母體組成比例：中階：219人（26%）、基層：612人（74%）。經量表信、效度分析，結果顯示各分量表內部一致性係數（信度）介於0.74-0.82之間，總量表內部一致性係數（信度）則高達0.96，而效標關聯效度則介於0.32-0.42之間。 最後經由迴歸分析結果顯示：個案公司領導才能對工作績效有顯著正向影響。本研究將有助於個案公司藉由領導力養成，持續強化其組織競爭力。 / The purpose of this study is to develop a behavior scale of leadership and management which fits with the core values of the case company as a tool then try to investigate the relationship of managerial competency and job performance in the managers of entry and middle level of the case company. Based on the method of purposive sampling, the total numbers of valid samples are 180 which include 48 (27%) of middle managers and 132 (73%) of entry level managers. The sample fits with the population which is consisted by 219 (26%) of middle managers and 612 (74%) of entry level managers. After the scale reliability and validity analysis, we found that the Cronbach’s alpha of the subscales are 0.74 – 0.82, of the whole scale is 0.96 and the criterion-related validity is between 0.32 – 0.42 among the subscales. In the final, the regression analysis shows that managerial competency has a significant positive effect on managerial performance. This study would provide the case company with significant insights in strengthen the competitiveness by the leadership development.

Complex adaptive systems are usually difficult to design and control. There are several particular methods for coping with complexity, but there is no general approach to build complex adaptive systems. The challenges of designing complex adaptive systems in a highly dynamic world drive the need for anticipatory capacity within engineering organizations, with a goal of enabling the design of systems that can cope with an unpredictable environment. This thesis explores this question of enhancing anticipatory capacity through the study of a complex adaptive system design methodology and complexity management competencies. A general introduction to challenges and issues in complex adaptive systems design is given, since a good understanding of the industrial context is considered necessary in order to avoid oversimplification of the problem, neglecting certain important factors and being unaware of important influences and relationships. In addition, a general introduction to complex thinking is given, since designing complex adaptive systems requires a non-classical thought, while practical notions of complexity theory and design are put forward. Building on these, the research proposes a Complex Systems Life-Cycle Understanding and Design (CXLUD) methodology to aid system architects and engineers in the design and control of complex adaptive systems. Starting from a creative anticipation construct - a loosening mechanism to allow for more options to be considered, the methodology proposes a conceptual framework and a series of stages to follow to find proper mechanisms that will promote elements to desired solutions by actively interacting among themselves. To illustrate the methodology, a financial systemic risks infrastructure systems architecture development case study is presented. The final part of this thesis develops a conceptual model to analyse managerial complexity competency model from a qualitative phenomenological study perspective. The model developed in this research is called Understanding-Perception-Action (UPA) managerial complexity competency model. The results of this competency model can be used to help ease project manager’s transition into complex adaptive projects, as well as serve as a foundation to launch qualitative and quantitative research into this area of project complexity management.

Globalization is in highly competitive era, talents are company's most important assets, the especially fine one hits the managerial cadre of the steps and is managed with one of the key factors of growing up continuously continuously forever by the company even more, this research object restricts the trade (industry ) , restricts the department , the steps executive is research objects that direct against Chinese enterprise of areas of both sides of the Straits (Jiangsu and Taiwan ), collect and research and analyse samples. With the research of the management function, hope to find out the management function which the steps executive should possess in the company objectively, offer enterprises to recruit and select the just , reference foundation of fostering and forming talents, it set up select Human Resource Department , not educating, with, leave managerial talent the systems at, probe into the result tentatively , expect that can propose a nucleus administrator's function way for enterprise's firm name in most key key management functions needed. So study the steps executive's management function in enterprises , operate for improving enterprises with the theoretical foundation of having the essence of national competitiveness and discussion value. This research questionnaire investigation analysis result is found, in Taiwan in the steps administrator studies in the management function index , and ' mood control ability ' superior to continent managerial cadre of the steps among the district in innovate with learning ability , surmount ability oneself.

Since chain convenience store becomes the main trend in the retail industry, and the store managers play the important roles to run the business, therefore this research is trying to find out what the competences are necessary for the store managers. Furthermore, this research would like to find out if different characteristics of managers would affect their emphasis degree on the managerial competency. The results are as follows: 1. The 7 competences for the store managers are: (1) business improving ability; (2) daily work managing ability; (3) planning ability; (4) leadership; (5) selling field managing ability; (6) instructing ability; (7) goal approaching ability. 2. The relations between demographics valuables and managerial competences: (1) store managers from ¡§ the middle area¡¨ put the least emphasis on selling field managing ability, leadership and instructing ability; (2) store managers working in ¡§ Family¡¨ put the least emphasis on goal approaching ability; (3) store managers working in ¡§ regular chain¡¨ put more emphasis on planning ability, daily work managing ability and leadership than franchise chain; (4) store managers who work less than one year put the least emphasis on planning ability, goal approaching ability and business improving ability. 3. The moderate effect of individual performance: when individual performance interacting with education, it would affect the emphasis degree toward planning ability and daily work managing ability.

Service industries increase every year in global industry, more and more labors work in this industry, thus this research is aimed at understanding the current situation of management development of first-line manager in service industry. The population of our survey is confined to the first-line manager of service industry. The questionnaire survey was adopte for the study. Of totally 332 distributed questionnaires, there are 91 effective. Through statistics analysis, the main results of the study are concluded as follows: 1.About managerial competency demand, ¡§customer service-oriented¡¨ and ¡§relationship competencies¡¨ are most important in all service industries, ¡§joint venture¡¨ and ¡§balance life and work¡¨ are relative not important. As the scope of management becomes wider, ¡§nurturing¡¨ and ¡§problem solving¡¨ become important. 2.As regard to management development techniques, ¡§personal skills training¡¨ is most important, ¡§talent selection¡¨ is second. Different services industries may use some techniques upon industries characteristics. 3.Management development assessments are not popular in service industries, only ¡§group discussion¡¨ and ¡§simulation game¡¨ are used often, both of them could be related to work in practice. 4.In all service industries, ¡§on-the-job-experiences¡¨ and ¡§management skill training¡¨ are most used management development techniques, ¡§evaluate past experiences¡¨ and ¡§evaluate competencies¡¨ are most used management development assessments.

This research studies the impact of consultancy competency and consultation mode on the service quality of management consulting firms in the emerging market of Nigeria – the largest economy in Africa. It explains the consultant competency and the adopted consultation approach of the ‘Big Four’ (PwC, Akintola-Deloitte, Ernest and Young, and KPMG) management consultancy firms from the resource based-view (RBV) and institutional theory of the firm. The conceptual framework of management consulting directing this study is generated from earlier research (Canavan et al., 2013; Jang et al., 1997, 1998; Patterson, 2000; Parasuraman, 1988; Kisang et al., 2012; Pugh et al., 1968; Oliver, 1980). Previous research has examined factors that are important for management consulting success, however, one of the remaining challenges is to investigate the associations among these factors. Furthermore, there seems to be a relative disregard for the associations between these management consulting factors and service quality. This study aims to advance the RBV and make theoretical contributions in several ways. First, it identifies and proposes that the professional and managerial competencies of the consultants are the key assets of the management consultancy firms needed to sustain and further their competitiveness in emerging markets. Specifically, we argue that these competencies are particularly valuable and have direct impact on management consultancy firms’ service quality. Also, from an institutional perspective, this study proposes that multinational management consulting firms must have the capacity to deliver quality in a consultation mode suitable to their various clients in different countries for sustainability. Specifically, we argue that the particular consultation mode adopted by the consulting firm impacts the quality of consultation service rendered to its clients in the Nigerian market, determining its firms’ client satisfaction levels. This study utilized a mixed methods approach (Creswell, 2003), which entailed the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in assessing this research’s questions. 13 senior management consultants were interviewed, and survey data was collected from 311 business clients of these management consultancy firms situated in the three most industrious states in Nigeria, which are Abuja (North), Lagos (South-West), and Port Harcourt (South-South). The results of this study show that the service quality of well-established western management consulting firms is significantly influenced by their consultation mode, as well as both their professional and managerial capabilities, irrespective of their client’s organizational structure. This study also finds that client experience levels in dealing with management consultants considerably moderates the relationship between these firms’ service quality and their client satisfaction in this strategic context. Our study advances the RBV and institutional theories, highlighting that the consultation modes, professional competencies, managerial competencies and client experience levels are the key competitive factors of western management consulting firms in Nigeria.

My diploma thesis is focused on analysis of competency of a Czech manager working in a multicultural environment of company Tesco Stores CR, a.s. Essence of the work is comparison of environments and the proposal of what competencies a manager should have to create and maintain the efficiency of a company and a manager in a multicultural environment. Essence of the practical part is comparison of two cultures Czech and Indic and competency model proposal, which should contribute to better mutual cooperation and cultural barier overcome.