In the design of new, more sophisticated missile systems, simulations need to be realistic and fast. Realistic target models are just as important as realistic models of the missile, but have often been overlooked in the past. Existing methods for creating realistic target models require considerable computational resources. This thesis addresses the problem of using limited resources to create realistic target models for simulating engagements with radar guided homing missiles. A multiple genetic algorithm approach is presented for converting inverse synthetic aperture radar images of targets into scatterer models. The models produced are high fidelity and fast to process. Results are given that demonstrate the generation of a model from real data using a desktop computer. Realistic models are used to investigate the effects of target fidelity on the missile performance. The results of the investigation allow the model complexity to be traded against the fidelity of the representation to optimise simulation speed. Finally, a realistic target model is used in a feasibility study to investigate the potential use of glint for target manoeuvre detection. Target glint is considered as noise in conventional missile systems and filtered to reduce its effects on the tracking performance- The use of glint for target manoeuvre detection would provide a cheap and novel alternative to the optical techniques currently being developed. The feasibility study has shown that target manoeuvre detection using glint may be as fast as optical techniques and very reliable.

The number of man-made space objects is dramatically growing nowadays. The continuous monitoring and studying of these objects are necessary to keep their number under control and ensure safe space operations. With respect thereto, international guidelines recommend decongesting the most populated space regions from satellites arriving at the end of their operational lifetime by performing post-mission disposal strategies. In general, a satellite is considered to be functional if it is still performing periodic manoeuvres to stay within the orbital operation configuration. This study presents a promising method to detect historical in-plane manoeuvrers of satellites on a geostationary orbit (GEO). Since a manoeuvrer changes the orbital state of the spacecraft, its effect can be detected by comparing the observed data to a reference evolution. In this case, the  model is represented by the dynamical model STELA  based on a semi-analytical theory. The observed data is provided by the public American space object catalogue. The Two-line element (TLE) database contains the orbital state of each tracked object, however, not all six orbital parameters are interesting to study in terms of in- plane manoeuvrers. The evolution of the longitude and of the eccentricity vector is immediately affected by a manoeuvre that changes the shape or the size of an orbit. Within the longitude analysis, the manoeuvre epoch is estimated by focusing on the manoeuvre strategy. An operational spacecraft usually performs a manoeuvre as soon as the longitude motion threatens to violate the operational deadband. Consequently, the longitude evolution follows a parabolic motion. Two polynomial curves of second degree are laid over the observation: the first curve is derived from a simplified dynamical model and the second curve is directly obtained through a Least Squares (LS) fitting method. The discrepancy between the LS and physical fitted parabolas gives an indication on the quality of the input data, that is to say, of the TLEs. The detected manoeuvre epoch must be companioned by a confidential parameter that denotes the time range around the estimated epoch in which the manoeuvre is expected to have happened. The manoeuvre interval is then forwarded to the eccentricity analysis where the manoeuvrer epoch is estimated more precisely by studying the divergence between the observed and expected eccentricity vector evolution. The latter is propagated with STELA after having estimated the area-to-mass ratio that is needed in order to model the perturbation effects accurately upon which the performance of the dynamical reference model strongly depends. As soon as the observed eccentricity vector deviates significantly from the expected evolution, the epoch and the velocity ΔV of the manoeuvre can be recovered, too.