This study offers a narrative of literary responses to lost texts, ancient and modern, from the age of Petrarch to the age of Milton. Whether continental scholars or English poets, the authors whom I consider share an abiding belief that the imagination is the right vehicle to access the otherwise irretrievable past, and that absent texts can be put to practical uses. Bringing together the work of textual critics, bibliographers, and literary scholars, the introduction evaluates available methods of studying lost texts and proposes an integrated framework for further research. The four chapters that follow provide four distinct answers to the question, what did early modern scholars and poets make out of lost texts? The first chapter finds Petrarch in his De remediis utriusque fortunae inaugurating a long-lasting tradition, the lament for lost books and libraries. I argue that, with help from Petrarch, the Florentine circle of Leonardo Bruni developed what would become a conventional language for explaining these losses. A chapter on scholarly misbehavior examines fifteenth- and sixteenth-century narratives—i.e., legends, lies, and slanders—about lost texts alongside the emergence of the humanist supplements, the efforts of early modern editors (e.g., Erasmus, Ermolao Barbaro) to fill lacunae in partial classical texts with their original compositions, sometimes surreptitiously. This practice of imitation-as-emendation led English authors—Shakespeare, Chapman, Jonson, and Burton—to complete the partial texts of their recent and medieval predecessors and to apprehend with their imaginations the literary heritage that they could not hold in their hands. In the two latter chapters, I argue that this interest sometimes took the form of an imaginative supplement, as when Spenser completes Chaucer's fragmentary Squire's Tale in The Faerie Queene, and sometimes the form of a meditation, as when Milton in "Il Penseroso" envisions English literary history as a series of incomplete works. Likewise, earlier claims about lost texts could simply be revived (e.g., in the invective of Thomas Nashe), or they could be repurposed in self-conscious tropes, as when Ben Jonson and Edmund Spenser entice their readers with representations of lost, unpublished, and unwritten works. / 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z

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L’objet de notre recherche touche à la période la plus intéressante de toute l'histoire de l'art arménien, une période où le royaume arménien, créé à la fin du XIIe siècle, était au carrefour de très importants empires. La prospérité politique s’est alors accompagnée d’une prospérité économique, fondée sur l'abondance des ressources naturelles, et par un niveau élevé pour ce qui concerne l'artisanat pour lequel les Arméniens ont toujours été réputés. Ce fut un âge de renouveau complet de l'art du livre sur le plan de la qualité. La peinture, les miniatures sont devenues un symbole indissociable du royaume arménien de Cilicie.La situation géopolitique du royaume arménien de Cilicie nous permet de mettre en évidence les différentes influences artistiques que les miniatures ont reçues. C’est pour cette raison-là qu’elles doivent être discutées d’une manière complexe, comprenant des analyses théologiques historiques et artistiques.Dans mon travail j’ai étudié la majorité des manuscrits ciliciens du XIIIe siècle. J’ai décidé d’établir un corpus de manuscrits en les regroupant sous les noms de leurs commanditaires. Mon étude a commencé par les manuscrits peints par T‘oros Ṙoslin- le plus éminent des enlumineurs arméniens du Moyen Âge classique qui travaillait au scriptorium de Hṙomkla, principalement au service du Catholicos Constantin Ier et du roi Hét‘um Ier.Les manuscrits créés dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle se singularisent par leur style, avec une dramatisation des expressions, l’allongement des corps, les compositions un peu surchargées. Tout cela s’oppose à l’art tout en retenue de Ṙoslin. Les noms des peintres de ces manuscrits sont inconnus, mais nous sommes sûrs qu'il y avait au moins 4 artistes principaux par lesquels ces œuvres ont été créées. / He subject of my PHD is “The iconographic, historic andtheological analysis of the royal manuscripts of the first three kings of theHetoumid dynasty of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia” (13th century). I can saywith confidence that it’s the most interesting period in the whole Armenian arthistory, a period when Armenian Kingdom was on the crossroads of hugeempires. Political prosperity was accompanied by economic flourishing, based onthe abundance of natural resources, by high standards in handicrafts for whichthe Armenians have always been famous. This was an age of completely newquality in the book art. The miniature painting became inseparable symbol of theArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia. In flourishing of Cilician painting an important rolewas played by the commissioners, as it was usual for Middle Ages: kings andprinces, among which the most educated were especially distinguished HetumianPrinces who have commissioned the most magnificent Armenian manuscripts.King Levon II and his elder son Hetoum II were probably most educated Ciliciankings and delicate connoisseurs of art. They possessed a rich library where acollection of manuscripts, decorated with miniature paintings, existed. Three ofthem of high artistic quality now are in Mahstots Matenadaran: the MalatiaGospel of 1268, copied and adorned by Toros Roslin by the order of Kostandin I,who intended the manuscript as a gift for, at that time, four-year-old Hetoum II,the Lectionary of 1286 commissioned by future king Hetoum II, and the Bibleordered already by the king Hetoum II in 1295.One of the most elegant and dramatic illuminated manuscripts of that period isthe Gospel of Queen Keran; it was commissioned by the Queen at Sis, Cilicia, in1272 after the ascension of her husband, Levon II to the throne. The Queen isrepresented in one of the last leaves, together with her husband, King Levon IIand their three children - kneeling piously in front of a "Deisis".Cilicia had been on the crossroads of the merchant routes between the East andthe West and the artists who had worked on these manuscripts had travelledmuch and had seen the works of the Italian, Greek and even Persian artists andminiaturists. Perhaps this is the explaination of the stylistic diversity that we findin these manuscripts. We know that Hetoum II made his sister Rita marry theByzantine Emperor Michael Paleolog and may suppose that byzantinemanuscripts had been given as wedding gifts and so became known in the ciliciancourt.Being strongly influenced by Byzantine art and iconography and taking intoconsideration the style of representation of the features of the faces of characterswe may call the style of the manuscripts of this group Italo-Byzantine. AnyhowArmenian manuscripts of this period have always attracted scholars and arthistorians all over the world and the style in which these miniature paintings arerepresented has been called Armeno-Byzantine.The profound research on this subject reveals the most mysterious parts aboutthese manuscripts: I am speaking about the most unbelievable details that onecan find in their decorations. The majority of the elements integrated in thedecorations of the title pages are adopted from Romanesque, Italian, Mongol andeven Chinese art. We can see here three-headed creatures, human-headedplants, Chinese lions and dragons, phoenixes and many more fantastic elements.These manuscripts fascinate with their texts written in fine 'Bolorgir' script inblack ink with colored capitals and much more fascinating content which has asignificant meaning connected with the decorations of the pages on which theyare written. To understand the meaning of these texts we need to consult thewritings of medieval theologians, to understand the period the people creating itlived in and the believes they had.

Manuel Arenzana was the last chapel master of the Cathedral of Puebla from 1791 to 1821. Arenzana composed sacred music for the Cathedral of Mexico, as well as operas for the Coliseo Theater in Mexico City. Missa à 4 Compuesta a Grande Orquesta in D Major was composed for double choir and big orchestra, which included viola, clarinets and bassoon. This work is a scholarly edition of previously unedited manuscripts and it is collocated with two late copies located in Oaxaca. Also, the actas capitulares from the Cathedral of Puebla, during the period when Arenzana worked as chapel master (1791-1821), and the documents from the Archivo General de Indias revealed new biographic data, which is confronted with a review of the existing biography. Additionally, the music catalogue in New Spain is included with the repertoire of the archives of Cathedrals from Puebla, Morelia, and Oaxaca, two parishes, and the Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe.

In the 1930s, Oregon State University received an impressive oversized manuscript, now known as "The Gradual," as part of a large donation of books. Not much was known about this manuscript. It does not have documentation attached from the time of its acquisition, nor had any methodical study been undertaken regarding the manuscript. This thesis examines the OSU Gradual, aiming to provide research tools for the identification of musical manuscripts of unknown or unclear provenance that could be useful to conservators, archivists, and librarians, irrespective of musical training. It is conceived as a "rough guide" for working situations where there is no dedicated manuscript specialist, in particular, a fulltime Latin paleographer or a chant scholar overseeing a massive collection. Instead, its "how-to" nature addresses curators and catalogers managing smaller manuscript collections as generalists, offering an interdisciplinary approach both beneficial and suitable to the aims of this study.

The present thesis analyzes the special group of verbs occurring in the German liturgical text that was written down in the Dominican monastery in České Budějovice. The first part provides information on the Dominican monastery in České Budějovice and the manuscript itself. It is followed by the editorial process of the manuscript. The main part focuses on the analysis of these groups of verbs: Präteritopräsentien, Wurzelverben, kontrahierte Verben and a verb wollen and werden. Attention is also paid to the dialect features of the text since the manuscript was affected by the Bavarian dialect as demonstrated and proved by the analysis of the verb forms.

Clarice Lispector foi uma das maiores escritoras brasileiras e, por essa razão, uma das mais estudadas. Muitas relações se fizeram entre sua escrita e a de alguns dos principais ícones da literatura mundial. Entretanto, o mesmo não aconteceu com seus textos produzidos aproximadamente a partir da década de 1970, a ficção derradeira da autora. As obras produzidas principalmente durante essa década, com algumas consagradas exceções, foram um tanto negligenciadas pela crítica. As pesquisadoras Marta Peixoto e Sônia Roncador procuraram provar que a pouca atenção às obras da ficção tardia da autora se deve ao fato de que as mesmas apresentam tendências que vão contra as características do que Clarice produziu anteriormente, como se a escritora tivesse desejado criar um repertório de formas que contradiziam sua produção de antes de 1970. Para demonstrar tal intenção de Lispector, este trabalho procura analisar as características do manuscrito Objeto gritante nunca publicado , o qual, após uma série de alterações significativas, acabou por se transformar na obra Água viva. Caso o projeto do manuscrito não tivesse sofrido redirecionamentos substanciais, teria sido a primeira ocorrência, em livro, das novas formas da escrita clariciana que começavam a se manifestar naquela época, mas que vieram a se consolidar nas suas obras posteriores / Clarice Lispector was one of the greatest Brazilian writers and has been one of the most studied. Many comparisons were made between her writing and some of the major literary icons worldwide. However, this did not happen to her later fiction produced in the 70s. These pieces, with a few exceptions, were somewhat neglected by critics. Some researchers such as Marta Peixoto and Sonia Roncador sought to prove that the lack of attention to Clarice's later fiction is due to the fact that it shows trends that go against the characteristics of what this author previously produced, as if the writer had wished to create a repertoire of ways that contradicted her production before1970. To demonstrate this intention, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the Objeto gritante manuscript - never published - which, after a series of changes, turned out to become the book Água viva. If the manuscript had not suffered substantial redirections, it would have been the first formal occurrence of Clarice's new writing style, but that consolidation only occurred in her later work

The thesis contains transliteration of 32 moralizing exempla written in 1681 by lay monk Konstantin Fridrich Levý in monastery of Zlatá Koruna. This manuscript presents a material base for our analysis of its orthography together with another 50 already transliterated exempla. The aim of our thesis is to contribute to the research of scribal orthography used in a period after the Battle of White Mountain. Results of our iquiry were summed up in statistical charts and graphs.

abstract: Vivid illuminations of the aristocratic hunt decorate Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS. fr. 616, an early fifteenth-century illuminated manuscript of Le livre de chasse composed by Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn (1331-1391 C.E.), in 1389. Gilded miniatures visualize the medieval park, an artificial landscape designed to facilitate the ideal noble chase, depicting the various methods to pursue, capture, and kill the prey within as well as the ritual dismemberment of animals. Medieval nobles participated in the social performance of the hunt to demonstrate their inclusion in the collective identity of the aristocracy. The text and illuminations of Le livre de chasse contributed to the codification of the medieval noble hunt and became integral to the formation of cultural memory which served as the foundation for the establishment of the aristocracy as different from other parts of society in the Middle Ages. This study contributes new information through examination of previously ignored sources as well as new analysis through application of critical theoretical frameworks to interpret the manuscript as a meaning-making object within the visual culture of the Middle Ages and analysis of the illuminations reveals the complexities surrounding one of the most important acts of performance for the medieval elite. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation History and Theory Of Art 2017

Flann Mainistrech (active c. 1014 to 1056) is well-attested in medieval and post-medieval Gaelic manuscripts and in early printed works on Irish history as an authority on history and literary tradition. He appears to have been an ecclesiastical scholar, based at Monasterboice (modern Co. Louth, Ireland), but potentially operating within wider ecclesiastical and political networks. Almost fifty texts or fragments of texts, mostly poems, are at some point attributed to him. Their subject-matter includes the regnal history of early medieval Irish kingdoms, legendary material on Ireland and the Gaels’ more distant past, universal and classical history, hagiography, and genealogical traditions. In addition, various sources are extant that concern Flann Mainistrech as a character. Most imply that he was considered a pre-eminent authority; some go further and provide impressionistic sketches of his scholarship and locating him in certain social or political settings. The secondary literature on medieval Gaelic authors like Flann has been largely concerned with establishing what can be securely stated about their historical biographies and with delineating reliable corpora of their works. In addition, there has been much discussion around whether medieval Gaelic literature is to be fundamentally characterised as secular or ecclesiastical. Recently, however, studies have begun to focus less on the literal realities of medieval authorship and more on how authorship was conceived in the Middle Ages, how it functioned as a form of authority, and how it might have been used or constructed within texts’ or manuscripts’ overall argumentation. In response, in this thesis, I survey manuscript materials and early printed works relating to Flann Mainistrech and discuss how his status as an author-figure relates to his identity as an individual, considering how he was interpreted in different contexts, the extent to which later scribes or compilers used or manipulated his identity, and what made him useful or applicable to them. After analysing the textual material in light of these issues, I conclude that Flann was consistently placed in certain definable historiographical and biographical contexts and that his authority may thus have been tied to this specific characterisation. However, presentations of Flann can vary quite dramatically in emphasis, while close examination of material attributed to him and their contexts within compilations and manuscripts reveals appropriation of his perspective, pseudonymous use of his identity, and re-contextualisation of his purported work according to later compilers’ interests and priorities. Relatively consistent treatment of his persona is thus ostensibly juxtaposed with dynamic, creative reading practices. Yet such conclusions are overshadowed by evidence, also considered in this study, suggesting that what survives of the manuscript tradition may well fall short of being representative both of Flann’s actual biography and of his textual persona. As well as offering a case study into medieval Gaelic concepts of authorship, authority, and textuality, this thesis also necessarily presents more basic analyses of previously under-explored and, in a few cases, unedited texts that come to be of relevance. Several such texts are printed and translated in Appendices.