O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o quadro concorrencial do mercado de microprocessadores no setor de informática no Brasil. A regulamentação mercadológica no país apresenta barreiras à entrada e concentração de poder de mercado. Foi aplicado a teoria da concorrência perfeita para explicar a prática do setor e verificou-se que mesmo uma empresa a qual possui o monopólio, não conseguiu prever a mudança no hábito de compra dos consumidores de computadores. A companhia apostou que os seus clientes iriam realizar o refresh das suas máquinas antigas, no entanto devido a entrada de novos produtos como tablets e smartphones, os mesmos optaram por adquirir-los. Tal alternância impactou o posicionamento da empresa a qual precisou reorganizar sua estrutura perante esse novo cenário, pois novos competidores capacitados se anteciparam e preparam-se para essa transformação, tornando-se assim líder no mercado de processadores de dispositivos móveis. / The objective of this study is to analyze the competitive environment of the microprocessor market in the computer industry in Brazil. The marketing regulations in the country presents barriers to entry and market power concentration. It applied the theory of perfect competition to explain the practice of the industry and it was found that even a company which has a monopoly, failed to predict the change in buying habits of computer users. The company bet that its customers would realize the refresh their old machines, however due to entry of new products such as tablets and smartphones, they chose to purchase them. Such fluctuations impacted the company's position which had to reorganize its structure before this new scenario, as new competitors capable anticipated and prepare for this transformation, thus becoming a leader in the mobile processor market.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o quadro concorrencial do mercado de microprocessadores no setor de informática no Brasil. A regulamentação mercadológica no país apresenta barreiras à entrada e concentração de poder de mercado. Foi aplicado a teoria da concorrência perfeita para explicar a prática do setor e verificou-se que mesmo uma empresa a qual possui o monopólio, não conseguiu prever a mudança no hábito de compra dos consumidores de computadores. A companhia apostou que os seus clientes iriam realizar o refresh das suas máquinas antigas, no entanto devido a entrada de novos produtos como tablets e smartphones, os mesmos optaram por adquirir-los. Tal alternância impactou o posicionamento da empresa a qual precisou reorganizar sua estrutura perante esse novo cenário, pois novos competidores capacitados se anteciparam e preparam-se para essa transformação, tornando-se assim líder no mercado de processadores de dispositivos móveis. / The objective of this study is to analyze the competitive environment of the microprocessor market in the computer industry in Brazil. The marketing regulations in the country presents barriers to entry and market power concentration. It applied the theory of perfect competition to explain the practice of the industry and it was found that even a company which has a monopoly, failed to predict the change in buying habits of computer users. The company bet that its customers would realize the refresh their old machines, however due to entry of new products such as tablets and smartphones, they chose to purchase them. Such fluctuations impacted the company's position which had to reorganize its structure before this new scenario, as new competitors capable anticipated and prepare for this transformation, thus becoming a leader in the mobile processor market.

Orientador: Jose Carlos de Souza Braga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_RodrigoLepski_M.pdf: 852987 bytes, checksum: 019f0e918ce82b9cb60d9726809217f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A crise de 29 evidenciou os riscos impostos por um regime financeiro predominantemente influenciado pelo comportamento especulativo. As mazelas da Grande Depressão impulsionaram o desenvolvimento de um arcabouço institucional, consagrado em Bretton Woods, que atenuou a instabilidade do sistema financeiro internacional. Entretanto o rompimento dessa ordem deflagraria o surgimento de um novo paradigma no modo de ser da riqueza, pautado pela lógica de financeirização. Tal perspectiva está no âmago das principais crises das últimas décadas, desafiando a capacidade das autoridades governamentais em estabelecer alguma ordem nos mercados financeiros mundo afora. Particularmente, a última crise sistêmica global, originada em 2007 a partir da inadimplência de hipotecas subprime nos Estados Unidos, exige que o tema seja retomado e debatido com mais afinco, sendo esta a proposta fundamental desta dissertação / Abstract: The crisis of 29 showed the risks posed by a financial arrangement predominantly influenced by speculative behavior. The ills of the Great Depression spurred the development of an institutional framework, as set out in Bretton Woods, which diminished the instability of the international financial system. However the disruption of that order had sparked the emergence of a new paradigm in the way of being of wealth, guided by the logic of financialization. This perspective is at the heart of the major crises in decades, challenging the ability of government authorities to establish some order in financial markets around the world. Particularly the last global systemic crisis, which originated in 2007 as defaults on subprime mortgages in the United States, requires that the issue be taken up and discussed more deeply, which is the fundamental proposition of this dissertation / Mestrado / Politica Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

The diploma thesis analyzes market in human reproductive cells - men's sperms and women's eggs for use in assisted reproduction. The topic of this diploma thesis arises from the increasing infertility and urgency of the assisted reproduction in the modern society. This paper is divided in two parts. The first part of this paper describes a historical development of assisted reproduction and than economic theory that is applicable to the human reproductive cells market namely the theory of the prohibition and the theory of the price regulation. Second part analyzes three different reproductive cells markets -- American, British and Czech market. Second part also discus arguments and criticism of the free human organ markets included human reproductive cells market. This paper brings integrated summary based on arguments evaluating free trade with human sperms and eggs.

This diploma thesis handles the issue of manipulation of prices of securities and other investment instruments. First part of the thesis is dedicated to legal and theoretical introduction into the topic. First, there comes the legal analysis of manipulation on the communitarian level, which is then followed by regulation in Czech legal order. Legal norms are interpreted within the aim, they are following. In addition, supervisory functions of Czech National Bank and Committee of European Securities Regulators are mentioned as well. As for the practical part, the description of different forms of manipulation is followed by the in-depth analysis of impact of investment recommendations to securities' prices. At the end of the thesis, there are some cases of market manipulation, which happened in the past, analysed within the context of actual legal regulation on the field of capital market protection.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic concerning regulation of launching medical devices onto the market with regard to the analysis of key regulatory framework. The aim of the thesis is to find out if the legal framework really fulfils its de lege ferenda objectives. The purpose of this thesis is to confirm or disprove a hypothesis that the regulation of launching medical devices onto the market is sufficient and effective from the point of view of consumer protection and interests of other stakeholders. Secondary aim of this diploma thesis is to confirm or disprove a hypothesis that the harmonization of legal framework in the EU is appropriate and effective. These hypothesis are to a certain extent following up the verification of four essential goals that should be reached by the regulation. One of the key aims is assuring the safety of the products, enabling them to move freely in terms of the internal market of the EU and assuring that the consumer isn't misled when deciding about his optimal situation. Besides that the regulation shouldn't unnecessarily slow down the activities of businesses and inappropriately limit their innovation potential. The diploma thesis has a critical point of view concerning some aspects of this regulation and in the end the author suggests some proposals in order to improve the current practice.

This thesis looks into the law and policy implications of law-making within the EU in pursuit of the internal market, while protecting other interests such as those of consumers. The discussion concentrates in the field of services addressed to consumers and more specifically in harmonising at EU level the national liability rules governing their defective supply. This case study is developed on the following strands. Firstly, the withdrawal of the European Commission’s ‘Proposal for a Council Directive on the liability of suppliers of services’ [COM (90) 482 final] is examined from the following aspects: a) the political reactions which have preceded its withdrawal, b) its compliance with the constitutional principles governing the legislative process at EU level and c) the assessment of the substantive regime which it purported to establish. Secondly, having regard to a) the aftermath of the Proposal’s failure, b) the evolution of the constitutional debate concerning the existence, the nature and the exercise of EU competence to set harmonised rules and c) the law-making standards which the Union’s Institutions have set to self-restrict their regulatory power, the perspective of harmonising the liability of suppliers of services to consumers is further explored. Drawing on this case-study, this thesis examines the limits to EU law- making activity which are imposed by primary European law and also considers the policy standards which the EU has set for itself in engaging in its law-making commitments. This examination allows in turn the pursuit of broader reflections I about the law and policy factors which become crucial and deserve particular attention by the EU lawmaker when harmonising national rules governing market transactions – such as the liability for the supply of defective services – with a view to attaining and managing the internal market along with protecting other interests recognised at EU level, such as those of consumers.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Právnická fakulta Disertační práce Právní úprava obezřetnostních pravidel v oblasti finančního trhu (Legal Regulation of Prudential Rules in Financial Market Area) JUDr. Bedřich Čížek Summary: The main objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive and systematic view of prudential rules in the selected area of financial market regulation with an emphasis on critical reflection of the various legal institutes and intersectional comparison of the relevant legal rules. Particular questions that this thesis attempts to answer within it's main goal are: (i) what is the essence of prudential rules in the financial market regulation (quid juris?) and (ii) whether current prudential rules in the Czech legal system meet the criteria required by legal theory on the form and the content of legislation and on the rational configuration of the legal system. The thesis also includes constructive criticism of examined issues, particularly in terms of the accuracy of the transposition of the relevant EU legislation, legal certainty of transposed provisions regarding its' recipients and the efficiency of the current legislation when designing prudential rules in question, and includes several recommendations de lege ferenda as well. The outcome of this thesis is a systematic,...

Financial Market Regulation in the Czech Republic with a Focus on the Securities Market ABSTRACT: The financial markets constitute a foundation of every market economy and in recent years their regulation is becoming increasingly relevant for political-legislative decision- making process (mainly as result of the last world financial and economic crisis). This Master's thesis focuses on the securities market regulation in Czech Republic and its main purpose is to evaluate this regulation, primarily its development and impacts on the market as a whole, on an individual issuer of a security or (as the case may be) on an investor as well. The thesis itself is divided into five parts. The first one represents a theoretical introduction to the financial markets and analyses basic terms, financial market functions and structure. The second, third and fourth chapters deal with crucial entities influencing the securities market - a regulated market organizer, an investment firm, investment intermediaries and a multi-sided trading system organizer. Chapters especially strive to compare contemporary legislation with legislation as amended by the Act No. 204/2017 Sb., which generally comes into force January 3rd 2018 and which transposes important European secondary legislation regulations, such as Directive...

Le marché de l’aide professionnelle à domicile pour les personnes âgées dépendantes en France est régulé. L’APA solvabilise une partie de la demande d’aide professionnelle à domicile tandis que certaines structures d’aide professionnelle sont tarifées et ont l’obligation de répondre à l’ensemble des demandes qu’elles reçoivent. Ces politiques de régulation sont décentralisées au niveau des Conseils départementaux et ont pour objectif de réduire les inégalités financières et géographiques d’accès à l’aide professionnelle à l’intérieur de chaque département. L’objectif de la thèse est de déterminer si ces politiques de réduction des inégalités intra-départementales conduisent à des inégalités interdépartementales. Le premier chapitre de la thèse utilise une enquête menée au niveau des Conseils départementaux afin de déterminer si la décentralisation des politiques de régulation conduit à une forte hétérogénéité de politiques entre départements. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse analyse l’impact de l’hétérogénéité constatée. Ce chapitre propose une estimation de l’élasticité au reste à charge de la demande d’aide à domicile des personnes âgées dépendantes, à l’aide d’une enquête nationale. Le troisième chapitre de la thèse analyse, à l’intérieur d’un département, la répartition des financements publics en fonction des revenus et son impact sur les écarts de consommation. Pour cela nous utilisons des données de facturation d’un service d’aide à domicile. Enfin le quatrième chapitre de la thèse propose un modèle théorique de marché mixte, étudiant les effets de l’obligation de service d’une partie des structures du marché sur la qualité de l’aide offerte. / The professional home-care market for the disabled elderly in France is regulated. The APA partially reimburses the professional home-care demand and the price of some home-care producers are fixed by the regulator. These producers must serve every area on the territory. The departmental councils set up these regulation policies. Their goal is to reduce financial and geographical inequalities in terms of access to home-care inside each department. Our thesis tries to determine if reductions of inequalities inside each department increase inequalities between department. The first chapter uses a departmental survey to check if the decentralization of regulation policies creates a heterogeneity between department. The second chapter aims to estimate the effects of the heterogeneity observed in the previous chapter on the home-care consumption. We use a national survey to estimate the price-elasticity of the professional home-care demand. The third chapter uses firm’s billing data to analyze the distribution function of the public support according to personal income and its impact on consumption. Finally, the fourth chapter presents a theoretical model of a mixed market where two firms compete on a market, one of which has a ubiquity constraint. The model studies the effect of this ubiquity constraint on the quality.