Cette thèse s'intéresse aux mariages et aux couples franco-britanniques en France au cours d'un long XVIIIe siècle, s'étendant des années 1680 aux années 1820. Afin de caractériser ces mariages, et la nature de leur mixité, nous avons choisi de les étudier selon trois approches : juridique, communautaire et socioculturelle. La première approche a exposé les différences entre le droit matrimonial britannique et français et a déterminé comment se contractait un mariage unissant deux personnes de nationalité, et souvent de religion, différente, en notant comment la justice française a su construire des réponses aux problèmes spécifiques posés par de tels mariages. Un intérêt particulier a été porté à la question de ces mariages face à la norme étatique et canonique, ainsi qu'à l'enjeu de la nationalité dans le cadre d'un mariage bi-national. La deuxième approche a étudié les pratiques matrimoniales des Britanniques de Nantes et de Boulogne-sur-Mer, en distinguant entre mariages exogames et endogames. Nous avons montré comment le choix de contracter un mariage mixte varie selon la nature de la population britannique dans la ville, selon la génération des Britanniques présents, selon le genre du conjoint britannique, et selon le rang social. La troisième approche a dressé un tableau des couples franco-britanniques, en analysant leurs rencontres, leurs choix linguistiques, religieux et éducatifs, et leurs difficultés. Nous avons ainsi montré l'émergence d'une culture familiale franco-britannique. Notre travail témoigne comment, à l'échelle des autorités, de la ville et du couple, le mariage franco-britannique a pu se concevoir comme un vecteur privilégié d'intégration. / This thesis offers a study of Franco-British couples and marriages in France during a long eighteenth century, from the 1680s to the 1820s. In order to characterise and demonstrate the exact nature of their diversity, they have been studied from three angles : legal, social and cultural. The first highlights the differences between British and French marriage law, and defines how a marriage between people of different nationalities, and often different religions, was observed. It also establishes the solutions brought to the specific problems arising from such intermarriages by the French justice system. Particular emphasis has been put on how these marriages accommodated State and canonical conventions, as well as on the issue of nationality with regard to binational marriages. The second angle examines the marriage practices of the British population in the French towns of Nantes and Boulogne-sur-Mer, differentiating between endogamous and exogamous marriages. This thesis also shows the variables governing the choice to marry into the French community: the nature of the British presence; the generation the British migrants belonged to; the gender of the British spouse; social rank. The third angle paints a comprehensive picture of Franco-British couples by analysing how they met, their choices of language, religion and schooling. From this can be established the emergence of a Franco-British family culture. This work thus indicates that Franco-British marriages can be viewed, by officialdom, local populations and the couples themselves, as a privileged vector of integration into French society.

Au sein de la principauté de Morée, fondée à la suite de la quatrième croisade parquelques chevaliers francs dans les territoires de l’ancien empire byzantin, hommes et femmes de l’élite latine participent au maintien de la domination pendant près de deux siècles et demi. S’inspirant des nouvelles tendances de la recherche telles que l’étude des individus par la prosopographie, l’histoire des représentations et du pouvoir des femmes, cette monographie s’attache tout particulièrement à mettre en évidence la place, le rôle et le pouvoir des dames de la Morée franque, du XIIIe au XVe siècle. Au-delà des lieux communs fournis par la pensée médiévale, essentiellement masculine, il s’agira d’analyser l’implication des dames dans les alliances familiales, dans la transmission et la gestion dupatrimoine féodal ou encore dans la vie politique, économique et sociale de la principauté. Organisé en trois parties, ce travail examine d’abord la représentation du féminin dans les sources latines et byzantines, puis il considère la place des dames au sein des familles et des stratégies matrimoniales, enfin il étudie le rôle et le pouvoir de ces femmes dans la féodalité moréote et le gouvernement de la principauté. / Within the principality of Morea, founded after the Fourth Crusade by Frankishknights in the territories of the former Byzantine Empire, men and women of the Latin elite ruled for nearly two and a half centuries. Drawing on new research trends, such as the study of individuals in prosopography, the history of representations and of women's power, this monograph highlights the place, role and power of the ladies of Frankish Morea, from the 13th to the 15th century. Going beyond the commonplace, mostly male, perpectives reflected in medieval thinking, it will analyze the involvement of women in family alliances, in the transmission and management of feudal holdings, and in the political, economic and social life of the principality. Presented in three parts, this work first examines the representation of women in the Latin and Byzantine sources, thenconsiders the place of women in the family and marriage strategies, and concludes by studying the role and power of women in Moreote feudal and government structures.

<p>The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not? </p><p>In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books.</p><p>The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same.</p><p>However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently. </p>

The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not? In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books. The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same. However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently.