Turtas, įgytas po santuokos sudarymo, yra bendroji jungtinė sutuoktinių nuosavybė, išskyrus asmenine nuosavybe esantį sutuoktinių turtą. Preziumuojama, kad sutuoktinių bendro turto dalys yra lygios, nepriklausomai nuo to, kurio sutuoktinio ar jų abiejų vardu turtas įgytas. Ši nuostata kyla iš sutuoktinių lygiateisiškumo principo, o tai reiškia, kad nei vienam iš sutuoktinių nėra suteikiama daugiau teisių į bendrą turtą nei turi kitas sutuoktinis. Sutuoktiniai turi teisę sudaryti vedybų sutartį ir bendru susitarimu nustatyti, koks teisinis režimas bus taikomas jų iki santuokos turėtam bei santuokos metu įgytam turtui. Išimtis – sutuoktiniai negali pakeisti šeimos turto teisinio režimo. Bendrąja jungtine sutuoktinių nuosavybe esantį turtą sutuoktiniai valdo, naudoja ir juo disponuoja bendru susitarimu. Preziumuojama, kad sandorį sudarantis sutuoktinis veikia kito sutuoktinio sutikimu, kiti sąžiningi asmenys, sudarantys sandorius su sutuoktiniais, turi teisę šio fakto netikrindami manyti, kad sandoris sudaromas abiejų sutuoktinių sutikimu. Bendrą turtą gali tvarkyti ir vienas iš sutuoktinių, tačiau jis tam turi turėti kito sutuoktinio išduotą įgaliojimą. Šeimos turtas - tai nuosavybės teise vienam arba aniems sutuoktiniams priklausanti šeimos gyvenamoji patalpa ir kilnojamieji daiktai, būtini šeimos poreikiams tenkinti. Turtui, šeimos turto teisinis režimas taikomas nuo santuokos įregistravimo momento. Disponuojant šeimos turtu keliami griežtesni reikalavimai nei disponuojant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Possession which was acquired after the marriage is a joint possession of a married couple, except possession which is a personal ownership. We should assume, that shared pieces of married couple‘s possession are equal, despite the name of a person, whose name was used to obtain the possession. This attitude comes from equality of rights principle of a married couple which means that neither from a married couple could be given more rights to a shared possession than other have. Married couple may make a contract of marriage and with collaborative covenant determine a type of juridical treatment, which should be applied for a possession, obtained before and after the marriage. There is an exception – married couple may not change their juridical treatment for their possession. Joint possession of a married couple is controlled, used and disposed with collaborative agreement. We should assume, that a spouse who is making a contract is behaving with other spouse‘s permission. Other conscientious people, who are making a contracts with a married couple, have a right to assume that a contract is being made with both of couple‘s agreement, without inspecting this fact. Shared possession may be managed with one of a married couple, however he must have another‘s authorization. Families possession – is one‘s or both‘s of married couple ownership of families living space and portable goods, essential for families needs. Juridical treatment for a family possession is applied from the... [to full text]

The research done in preparation for this study illustrated that – although a lot of research has been done in terms of the impact of intimacy on marriage, Biblical models for marriage, and the implications of intimacy prior to marriage – few studies have been done regarding researched Scriptural perspectives and pastoral guidelines related to sexual intimacy aimed at religious newlywed couples. The above situation resulted in the main research question: What pastoral guidelines can be given to a newlywed religious couple regarding sexual intimacy in the initial stage of their marriage? Further research questions arose from this research question. This study was aimed at compiling pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage. The method designed by Zerfass for Practical Theology was used during this study. During basic theoretical research, as designed in chapter 2, it became clear that relevant pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the Christian marriage can be identified from Scripture. Four guidelines, relevant to this study, were subsequently formulated. The practical theoretical research of the neighbouring sciences Psychology and Sociology in chapter 3 showed that humans are by nature sexual beings and that this is a need that attention should be given to. Sex inside the marriage is necessary, good and an important factor in marital happiness. Seeing as marriage is an intimate and loving relationship, the husband and wife should have each other’s interests and happiness as priority and not deny each other sex and sexual satisfaction. An empirical study to determine religious newlywed couples’ perceptions and attitudes regarding sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage was done in chapter 4. During this qualitative study, seven religious newlywed couples completed questionnaires, after which semi-structured interviews were conducted with each individual. In order to formulate specific practical theoretical pastoral guidelines, the researcher, in chapter 5, addressed the hermeneutical interaction within the context of religious newlywed couples. The basic theoretical perspectives arising from Scripture, practical theoretical perspectives as concluded from neighbouring Sciences, and the results from the empirical study were processed in order to compile possible guidelines for pastoral guidance. The aim of this pastoral guidance is the spiritual growth of both the husband and the wife, and to bring them to a better understanding of God’s will for sexual intimacy. The researcher’s final conclusion – as indicated by the central theoretical argument of this study – is that the compilation of pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage can indeed contribute to a deeper and more intimate marital relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

The research done in preparation for this study illustrated that – although a lot of research has been done in terms of the impact of intimacy on marriage, Biblical models for marriage, and the implications of intimacy prior to marriage – few studies have been done regarding researched Scriptural perspectives and pastoral guidelines related to sexual intimacy aimed at religious newlywed couples. The above situation resulted in the main research question: What pastoral guidelines can be given to a newlywed religious couple regarding sexual intimacy in the initial stage of their marriage? Further research questions arose from this research question. This study was aimed at compiling pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage. The method designed by Zerfass for Practical Theology was used during this study. During basic theoretical research, as designed in chapter 2, it became clear that relevant pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the Christian marriage can be identified from Scripture. Four guidelines, relevant to this study, were subsequently formulated. The practical theoretical research of the neighbouring sciences Psychology and Sociology in chapter 3 showed that humans are by nature sexual beings and that this is a need that attention should be given to. Sex inside the marriage is necessary, good and an important factor in marital happiness. Seeing as marriage is an intimate and loving relationship, the husband and wife should have each other’s interests and happiness as priority and not deny each other sex and sexual satisfaction. An empirical study to determine religious newlywed couples’ perceptions and attitudes regarding sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage was done in chapter 4. During this qualitative study, seven religious newlywed couples completed questionnaires, after which semi-structured interviews were conducted with each individual. In order to formulate specific practical theoretical pastoral guidelines, the researcher, in chapter 5, addressed the hermeneutical interaction within the context of religious newlywed couples. The basic theoretical perspectives arising from Scripture, practical theoretical perspectives as concluded from neighbouring Sciences, and the results from the empirical study were processed in order to compile possible guidelines for pastoral guidance. The aim of this pastoral guidance is the spiritual growth of both the husband and the wife, and to bring them to a better understanding of God’s will for sexual intimacy. The researcher’s final conclusion – as indicated by the central theoretical argument of this study – is that the compilation of pastoral guidelines regarding the establishment of sexual intimacy in the initial stage of the Christian marriage can indeed contribute to a deeper and more intimate marital relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

The main purpose of the practical section of this thesis is to publish a series of letters of national economist and politician Albín Bráf and his wife Libuše Bráfová, the daughter of František Ladislav Rieger and granddaughter of František Palacký, and to make them accessible in form of historical edition. This popular science edition is marked by years 1882-1888 and is intended for a wide spectrum of readers. The theoretical section of the thesis briefly describes the lives of both public figures starting from birth and continuing by their study years, professional career and to the last years of their lives. The subsequent chapter deals with the development of the couple's relationship since their first meeting to birth of their son Václav, mainly on basis of presented letters, as well as other archival sources, such as archival sources of their relatives and literature on this topic.

INTRODUÇÃO: A realização pela maternidade e paternidade freqüentemente é um dos mais importantes projetos de vida para o indivíduo/casal e um dos alicerces sobre o qual o casal constrói o seu relacionamento. O diagnóstico de infertilidade, por representar uma interrupção no projeto de vida do casal, pode gerar dificuldades de relacionamento social, familiar e conjugal, nem sempre facilmente superadas. A doação de óvulos Ovodoação - é a técnica de Reprodução Assistida no qual o gameta feminino é fornecido por uma mulher distinta da que receberá este, ou o embrião resultante. Essas técnicas podem ajudar casais inférteis nesse projeto de parentalidade. OBJETIVOS - Considerando a relativa recenticidade do processo em nosso meio bem como a carência de dados nacionais sistematizados sobre as questões psicológicas envolvidas no processo de Ovodoação, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral a investigação de vivências auto-referidas por potenciais doadores e receptores de óvulos em programa de Ovodoação, além de identificar os principais motivos referidos por mulheres para serem doadoras ou receptoras de óvulos; compreender fantasias referidas por essas mulheres em relação a esse processo; oferecer subsídios para a equipe trabalhar de maneira mais efetiva e integrada. MÉTODOS - O estudo foi realizado no Ambulatório de Reprodução Humana Assistida da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. Foram convidadas a participar deste estudo todas as mulheres inscritas no programa de Ovodoação entre maio de 2006 e maio de 2008. Nesse período, vinte e três mulheres com idade entre 21 a 35 anos, candidatas à doação de óvulos e 58 mulheres com idade até 53 anos candidatas a recepção de óvulos. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada entrevista semidirigida, com roteiro de questões previamente elaborado e prontuário para levantar diagnóstico médico. RESULTADOS - Pôde-se observar que o desejo de engravidar, a chance de ser mãe e constituir família foram os principais motivos alegados pelas receptoras, em contrapartida, foi reconhecido que essas mulheres teriam que tratar de um novo problema: lidar com a existência de uma quarta pessoa uma mulher mais potente e também com a situação do sigilo e manutenção do segredo do filho eventualmente assim concebido. Em relação às doadoras ajudar foi o motivo mais relatado por essas mulheres para participarem de tal programa. Efetivamente há disponibilidade de ajuda, porém, não com características exatamente de altruísmo, pois há uma expectativa de ganho em relação à forma que serão vistas e tratadas pela equipe por conseqüência da sua doação e do resultado positivo do próprio tratamento para engravidar. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS - A compreensão dessa complexa constelação parece essencial para que a proposta seja sucedida. Os dados obtidos sugerem a existência de um universo multifacetado de fantasias, receios e expectativas que permeiam a vivência de inclusão em programa de Ovodoação, mostrando a importância de que estudos prospectivos sejam realizados em situações de Ovodoação efetiva, sejam elas bem ou mal sucedidas / INTRODUCTION: Self accomplishment through maternity and paternity is often one of the most important life projects for an individual or couple and one of the basis over which the couple constructs their relationship. Because it represents an interruption in the couples life project, the infertility diagnosis may generate difficulties in the social, familiar and conjugal relationships not always easily overcome. The oocyte donation is an assisted reproduction technique in which the female gamete is provided by a different woman from the one which will receive the resulting embryo. These techniques may help infertile couples in their parenting project. OBJECTIVES: Considering the relatively recent quality of the process, as well as the lack of systematized national data concerning the psychological issues involved in the process of oocyte donation, the present study had as its general objective to investigate the self-referred experiences of potential oocyte donors and receptors enrolled in a oocyte donation program; it also aimed to identify the main reasons referred by women for being oocyte donors or receptors; comprehend the referred fantasies of these women towards the process; and offer the health team the support to work through the process in a more effective and integrated manner. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Human Assisted Reproduction Center of the Medical School of ABC. All women enrolled in the Oocyte Donation Program between May of 2006 and May of 2008 was invited to participate in the study. Within this period there were 23 women, ages between 21 and 35 years, candidates to the oocyte donation, and 58 women, ages up to 53 years, candidates to the oocyte reception. Data was collected through semi-direct interviews, following a previously elaborated interview guide; the medical records were also used for detecting the medical diagnosis. RESULTS: We were able to observe that the wish for pregnancy, the chance of becoming a mother and constructing a family were the main reasons given by women for being oocyte receptors; on the counterpart, a new problem would have to be dealt with by these women: the existence of a forth party, a more potent woman; besides that, there was the secrecy situation, as well as the keeping of the secret from the child conceived from the procedure. As to the donors, helping another woman was the main reason referred by them for participating in such a program. There is in fact disposition to help, however, not with altruistic characteristics, for there is an expectation of gains concerning the way they will be seen and treated by the medical team in consequence of their donation, as well as expectations of a positive result (pregnancy) for their own treatment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The comprehension of this complex constellation seems to be essential for the proposal to be well succeeded. The data obtained suggests the existence of a universe full of fantasies, fears, and expectations that permeate the experience of participating in a Oocyte Donation Program, showing also the importance of prospective studies concerning oocyte donation situations, no matter if they are successful or not

INTRODUÇÃO: A realização pela maternidade e paternidade freqüentemente é um dos mais importantes projetos de vida para o indivíduo/casal e um dos alicerces sobre o qual o casal constrói o seu relacionamento. O diagnóstico de infertilidade, por representar uma interrupção no projeto de vida do casal, pode gerar dificuldades de relacionamento social, familiar e conjugal, nem sempre facilmente superadas. A doação de óvulos Ovodoação - é a técnica de Reprodução Assistida no qual o gameta feminino é fornecido por uma mulher distinta da que receberá este, ou o embrião resultante. Essas técnicas podem ajudar casais inférteis nesse projeto de parentalidade. OBJETIVOS - Considerando a relativa recenticidade do processo em nosso meio bem como a carência de dados nacionais sistematizados sobre as questões psicológicas envolvidas no processo de Ovodoação, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral a investigação de vivências auto-referidas por potenciais doadores e receptores de óvulos em programa de Ovodoação, além de identificar os principais motivos referidos por mulheres para serem doadoras ou receptoras de óvulos; compreender fantasias referidas por essas mulheres em relação a esse processo; oferecer subsídios para a equipe trabalhar de maneira mais efetiva e integrada. MÉTODOS - O estudo foi realizado no Ambulatório de Reprodução Humana Assistida da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. Foram convidadas a participar deste estudo todas as mulheres inscritas no programa de Ovodoação entre maio de 2006 e maio de 2008. Nesse período, vinte e três mulheres com idade entre 21 a 35 anos, candidatas à doação de óvulos e 58 mulheres com idade até 53 anos candidatas a recepção de óvulos. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada entrevista semidirigida, com roteiro de questões previamente elaborado e prontuário para levantar diagnóstico médico. RESULTADOS - Pôde-se observar que o desejo de engravidar, a chance de ser mãe e constituir família foram os principais motivos alegados pelas receptoras, em contrapartida, foi reconhecido que essas mulheres teriam que tratar de um novo problema: lidar com a existência de uma quarta pessoa uma mulher mais potente e também com a situação do sigilo e manutenção do segredo do filho eventualmente assim concebido. Em relação às doadoras ajudar foi o motivo mais relatado por essas mulheres para participarem de tal programa. Efetivamente há disponibilidade de ajuda, porém, não com características exatamente de altruísmo, pois há uma expectativa de ganho em relação à forma que serão vistas e tratadas pela equipe por conseqüência da sua doação e do resultado positivo do próprio tratamento para engravidar. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS - A compreensão dessa complexa constelação parece essencial para que a proposta seja sucedida. Os dados obtidos sugerem a existência de um universo multifacetado de fantasias, receios e expectativas que permeiam a vivência de inclusão em programa de Ovodoação, mostrando a importância de que estudos prospectivos sejam realizados em situações de Ovodoação efetiva, sejam elas bem ou mal sucedidas / INTRODUCTION: Self accomplishment through maternity and paternity is often one of the most important life projects for an individual or couple and one of the basis over which the couple constructs their relationship. Because it represents an interruption in the couples life project, the infertility diagnosis may generate difficulties in the social, familiar and conjugal relationships not always easily overcome. The oocyte donation is an assisted reproduction technique in which the female gamete is provided by a different woman from the one which will receive the resulting embryo. These techniques may help infertile couples in their parenting project. OBJECTIVES: Considering the relatively recent quality of the process, as well as the lack of systematized national data concerning the psychological issues involved in the process of oocyte donation, the present study had as its general objective to investigate the self-referred experiences of potential oocyte donors and receptors enrolled in a oocyte donation program; it also aimed to identify the main reasons referred by women for being oocyte donors or receptors; comprehend the referred fantasies of these women towards the process; and offer the health team the support to work through the process in a more effective and integrated manner. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Human Assisted Reproduction Center of the Medical School of ABC. All women enrolled in the Oocyte Donation Program between May of 2006 and May of 2008 was invited to participate in the study. Within this period there were 23 women, ages between 21 and 35 years, candidates to the oocyte donation, and 58 women, ages up to 53 years, candidates to the oocyte reception. Data was collected through semi-direct interviews, following a previously elaborated interview guide; the medical records were also used for detecting the medical diagnosis. RESULTS: We were able to observe that the wish for pregnancy, the chance of becoming a mother and constructing a family were the main reasons given by women for being oocyte receptors; on the counterpart, a new problem would have to be dealt with by these women: the existence of a forth party, a more potent woman; besides that, there was the secrecy situation, as well as the keeping of the secret from the child conceived from the procedure. As to the donors, helping another woman was the main reason referred by them for participating in such a program. There is in fact disposition to help, however, not with altruistic characteristics, for there is an expectation of gains concerning the way they will be seen and treated by the medical team in consequence of their donation, as well as expectations of a positive result (pregnancy) for their own treatment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The comprehension of this complex constellation seems to be essential for the proposal to be well succeeded. The data obtained suggests the existence of a universe full of fantasies, fears, and expectations that permeate the experience of participating in a Oocyte Donation Program, showing also the importance of prospective studies concerning oocyte donation situations, no matter if they are successful or not

本文旨在探討休閒興趣相似程度與夫妻間的依附類型配對組合兩者對婚姻滿意度之影響。測量工具上採用問卷調查法的方式進行，依附類型的分類部分，參考ECR量表（Experiences in Close Relationships），自編依附關係量表，以群集分析方式分類夫妻雙方各別的依附類型；休閒興趣部分則使用自編之休閒興趣調查表，量測受試者夫妻在休閒興趣的四大向度，個人/群體*靜態/動態上之有興趣之休閒活動數量；最後以關係評估量表（Relationship Assessment Scale，RAS）作為婚姻滿意度之測量工具。樣本部分，本研究以卡培爾國際有限公司之「為愛啟程」團隊網路交友配對計畫所蒐集之夫妻樣本資料做二手資料分析，採取系統觀點以201對(共402人)完整夫妻配對資料，進行研究。 　　研究經由結果得知，夫妻雙方之休閒興趣的相似程度、各自依附類型、依附類型配對組合皆能部分解釋丈夫、妻子及雙方平均婚姻滿意度部分變異，而丈夫婚姻滿意度之解釋力以休閒興趣相似程度為最高，夫妻皆不安全依附之配對組合為次之。妻子婚姻滿意度之解釋力以夫妻皆安全依附之配對組合為最高，休閒興趣相似程度為次之，夫妻間一方為安全一方為不安全依附之配對組合則為第三高。平均婚姻滿意度之解釋力以夫妻皆不安全依附之配對組合為最高，休閒興趣相似程度為次之。 / This study aims to explore the relationships of married couple’s similarity in leisure interest, matches of attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Based on the data of “Capire International Company “collected from 201 pairs of married couples, and reconstructed this study’s model. In the study, we used attachment stype scale to test married couple’s attachment style. Cluster analysis was also used to sort out each spouse’s attachment type. As for leisure interest, we used self-edited questionnaire to measure married couple’s four dimensions of leisure interested. Finally, the RAS (Relationship Assessment Scale) was used to measure couple’s marital satisfaction. The result of the research indicated that, no matter the similarity in leisure interest of married couple, husband or wife’s individual attachment type and married couple’s matches of attachment styles all can explain part of the variation of the husband, wife and the mean of both marital satisfactions. And the similarity in leisure interest has the highest prediction for husband's marital satisfaction, with both spouses’ attachment type as insecure lying second. As for the explanation power for the wife’s marital satisfaction, both spouses’ attachment type as secure ranked the highest, with similarity in leisure interest second and one spouse attachment type as secure and another as insecure ranked the third. Last of all, for mean martial satisfaction, both spouses’ attachment type as insecure has the highest prediction, with similarity in leisure interest ranked second.