The purpose of this study was to identify differences in attitudes of vocational teacher education majors based on age, sex, marital status, earner status, educational level, vocational program area, mother's work history, and familial attitudes. Data for the study were obtained from 1,182 vocational teacher education majors. The more contemporary attitudes were held by those who were female, aged 26 - 35, currently members of dual-income families, graduate students, identified as homemaking education majors, from families whose mothers had worked outside the home when they were growing up, and who were not brought up to believe that a woman's place is in the home.While females had more contemporary attitudes than males, both could be described as having moderate attitudes toward the dual-income financial support of the family. Both females and males felt that women should contribute financially to the support of the family, that it is just as important for a woman to be able to earn a living as it is for a man, and that women should expect to be permanent members of the labor force.

MSc (Statistics) / Department of Statistics / This study explores the use of exible link functions in discrete survival models through a simulation study and an application to the Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) data. The objective of the research study is to perform simulation exercises in order to compare the e ectiveness of di erent families of link functions and to construct a discrete multilevel survival model for age at rst marriage among women in Swaziland using a exible link function. The Pareto hazard model, Pregibon and Gosset families of link functions were considered in models with and without unobserved heterogeneity. The Pareto model where the family parameter is estimated from the data was found to outperform the other models, followed by the Pregibon and the Gosset family of link functions. The results from both simulation study and real data analysis of the SDHS data illustrated that, misspecication of the link function causes bias on the estimation of results. This demonstrates the importance of choosing the right link. The ndings of this study reveal that women who are highly educated, stay in the Manzini and Shiselweni region, those who reside in urban areas were more likely to marry later compared to their counterparts in Swaziland. The results also reveal that the proportion of early rst marriages is declining since the di erence among birth cohorts is found to be very high, with women of younger cohorts getting married later compared to older women. / NRF

Abstract Background: Although the maternal mortality ratio has dropped globally, the ratio is still unacceptably high in many low and lower-middle-income countries, like Bangladesh. Maternal deaths can occur from preventable complications due to pregnancy and childbirth. Delivery at a health institution was proven to be one of the key interventions to minimize maternal mortality. This study aimed at investigating the associations between the socio-demographic and healthcare-related factors, and the place of delivery among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.  Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 4487 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years. Data were extracted from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. To investigate the associations, multivariate logistic regression was performed.   Results: Of the 4487 ever-married women, 1794 (40%) gave birth by institutional delivery. Multivariate logistic regression showed that wealthier women, attending secondary or above education levels, and whose husbands had primary or above education were more likely to deliver at health institutions. Women who received counselling about danger signs and attended at least one or more ANC visits during pregnancy had higher odds of institutional delivery. Women living in rural areas, following Islam religion, and who were currently working were less likely to deliver at health institutions. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the socio-demographic and healthcare-related factors were associated with the place of delivery among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this research is to identify combinations of variables that most affect well-being among employed women. A hypothesized model of the stress and coping process examines the influence of situational demands on mediators, and mediators on well-being. Job and family strain, as well as coping resources such as spousal support, social support, and coping strategies were proposed to mediate between situational demands, represented by husband’s chore time, number of children, job flexibility, job hours, career stage, and job status and the outcome variable, well-being. Data from a national sample of 277 married, employed women representing dual-employed families were subjected to path analytic analyses using LISREL 7. Findings generally supported the proposed model. Results suggest that both role strain and coping resources mediated the stressor effects of situational demands on well-being. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether horizontal equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa improved after the legislative changes from 1984 to 1995 and the Katz Commission recommendations. After an extensive literature study, horizontal equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa was defined as the equivalent tax treatment in equivalent economic circumstances for the same economic units. The household as the economic unit, is the unit to be considered when evaluating horizontal equity. The study also reviewed the solutions found in other countries for the dilemma of the one-breadwinner versus the two-breadwinner married couple. It was found that the tax systems of most countries provide relief to the one-breadwinner couple while the working wife was taxed separately from her husband or had the option to be taxed separately. An important part of this study compared the tax of the unmarried taxpayer and the married couple as the units for horizontal equity. It was found that, although two-breadwinner married couples were discriminated against until the separate taxation of married couples was introduced, the one-breadwinner couple and single taxpayers with dependants now suffer more horizontal inequity than was previously the case. The research indicated that to attain greater horizontal equity provision should also be made for families and households with only one breadwinner (breadwinner being defined as the provider in a one-breadwinner couple or a ·taxpayer with dependents). Recommendations made to alleviate this inequity are transferable allowances for spouses, or, without ~ontravening the Constitution's demands for equality, a separate rate schedule for breadwinners, a fixed allowance or rebate for breadwinners, or a proportional allo~ance depending on the breadwinner's income. The study also addressed the financial and administrative implications and political acceptability of these recommendations and concluded that the proportional allowance, although expensive, would come the closest to providing the greatest horizontal equity. The research into the international tax measures to promote equity revealed that horizontal equity could be further promoted by providing tax relief for child-care and day-care facilities. This would benefit both the two-breadwinner married couple and the single parent with dependent children. / Financail accounting / D.Com. (Applied Accountancy)

The primary role of this report is to provide an in-depth analysis of all the instances of the word vidua, its meanings and uses in Latin literature from the last two centuries B.C. This close examination of the word vidua in the literary sources of this period has resulted in a number of important modifications to its definition. The word vidua, which is commonly translated by ancient scholars as widow, is not sustained by the contextual evidence of the majority of the passages that do no state explicitly the reason for the women's deprived status. Instead the word is most commonly used to mean a much broader social group of Roman women, all no longer married women, a category which includes various groups of women such as widows, divorcees, abandoned women and women whose husbands have been away for long periods of time. Furthermore the English word unmarried should not be used to translate the Latin word vidua since, as I demonstrate throughout my paper, there is a clear distinction in the Roman minds between women who are no longer married, vidua, and women who are not yet married, virgines an important distinction that gets lost with the more inclusive and broader social category meant by the word unmarried. / text

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

Thesis (M.A. (Population and Reproductive Health Research))--Mahidol University, 2003.