The aim of this diploma thesis was to elaborate economic models for estimate the economic indicators and optimization of process for breeding of suckler cows herd in selected farm. The hypotesis of diploma thesis was the assumption that the determination of material and relevance of impact for production indicators of breed will allow to model economic effectiveness of the selected breed farm. Concurrently it can be assumed that is possible to model the influence and impact of market prices for the final profitability of farming, respectively the level of cost per kilogram of live weight gain of animals. Aplications of created models will help to determine the economic turning point and create different models of market situations. The practical part was solved in a company named Ptenínský mlýn, which is located in village Ptenín in district of Plzeň - jih. The company is family character and is involved in an ecological system of agriculture. The company produces cattle for subsequent breeding as well as for fattening and slaughtering. Informations about the company were collected by forms, which were based on 79 asking points. Identified informations were about basic data of the breed and of his expansion in the years. All metods of calculation were created in Program Microsoft Excell 2010. In diploma thesis were determinated the results of the profitability selected breed farm, model s of turning point of cost and revenues, the change of profitability of breed when the parametrs of entrance are changed. On the basis of the calculations was discover negative profitability of breed in the case of absence of subsidies. The margin of profitability confirms this fact. The turning point of sold calves rates actually situation without subsidies. It was discover that for profitability on the based of available documents of company for year 2014 of zero is necessary to sale the calves must to have weight about 1065 kg, which is not possible in real situation. The profit of zero is able to have from to sale of 33 cattles. Without subvences is necessary to reduce of total cost 332 400 CZK, for to have total cost amount 601 600 CZK for to have economy of profitability on level zero. From this situation is clear that subvence allow activity of business and other investments in expansions.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the standards of the hygiene and sanitation in the meat processing. The major objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of sanitation in terms of microbial contamination. In the first part of thesis there was processed information about European and Czech legislation dealing with food safety. Inspection authorities that supervise legislative requirements were described. Also, there were explained the systems that ensure hygiene good practice, where the work dealt with sanitation procedures and HACCP system. In the end, indicator microorganisms are characterized. The second part describes the procedure to determine the level of hygiene standards. According to the potential risk there were selected places, which were monitored by swabbing the incidence of total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae and molds and yeasts. On the basis of the obtained results the selected places were compared and afterwards the efficiency of the sanitation was evaluated. These results were compared with Government Decree No. 289/2007 Coll. It can be claimed that there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in the total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae and yeast and molds at individual locations or during sampling at different times after sanitation. From the average results (n = 3) there was detected only one place, where the maximum value stated in Government Decree No. 289/2007 was exceeded. However, this occurred only in the total viable count. Contamination places of yeasts and molds were not detected in every place (only in some of the places) and in terms of detected places the contamination did not reach critical values. Contamination of Enterobacteriaceae was found minimally. Effective sanitation, mainly cleaning and disinfection of machinery, equipment and working tools in the food processing, is one of the most important instruments in the ensuring hygiene and food safety.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The diploma thesis deals with the production of Špekáček, which belong to small meat products according to legislation. The theoretical part summarizes the distribution of meat products according to the valid legislation, the description of individual technological steps in the production of meat products, and also a detailed description of the individual raw materials in production. This is followed by a chapter on Špekáček, their requirements according to legislation, production and their possible defects. In the practical part are evaluated chemical parameters of 4 batches with different salt contents (1.4 %, 1.6 %, 1.8 %, 2.0 %), their texture and evaluation by sensory analysis. The results were very good for all groups and met our expectations.

The diploma thesis is focused on meat products and the contents of salt in these. The theoretical part contains definitions and classification of meat products followed by a general description of the principles and methods used in the production of meat products, including the particular phases of their processing and the evaluation of their quality. Another part is dedicated to the specific characteristics of the Debrecen sausages, the ingredients used, and the production process. Moreover, the thesis deals with the basic facts about salt as well as with the disputed issues regarding the excessive consumption of salt, its consequences on people's health, and the possibilities of its reduction. The practical part of the thesis contains the evaluation of the quality criteria differences between the Debrecen sausages with the reduced amount of salt and those with the usual composition. The evaluation is based on chemical and microbiological analysis followed by the instrumental measuring of colour and sensory evaluation of samples.

The aim of this thesis was to obtain and evaluate information from behavioural monitoring of beef cattle herd (cows, bull, calves) reared in the suckler system in the year-round grazing. The beef herd situated in the Pilsen region near Přeštice and is owned by private breeder was chosen for observation. Basic herd consisted of 20 cows with calves and one Charolais sire. There were three ethological observations, two observations in 2014 and one observation in 2015, duration of observations was 24 hours. The course of each category of behaviour was recorded by interval group method with interval length of 5 minutes. Activities as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. It was also reported comfort, sexual and maternal behaviour within the herd. The longest period of cows feed intake was recorded at the end of the grazing season (30.56% of the day, i.e. 7.33 hours). In contrast, feed intake took cattle in the winter months only 28.31% of the day (6.8 hours). Values in the standing category were not substantially different during the year. The longest standing time in the spring and autumn (5.97 hours respectively. 5.95 hours), standing time in the winter was shortened to 5.56 hours. Locomotion activity of animals in the spring reached 7.78%, i.e. 1.87 hour and due to the fact that cattle was still fed hay, but also first low vegetation started to grow in some areas and animals on its wintering actively sought it. In contrast, in the autumn the value was only 2.43%, i.e. 0.58 hours of the day due to sufficient suitable pasture. In the winter due to bad weather conditions, the value also decreased to 7.8%, i.e. 1.88 hours of the day. The longest representation of rest category in form of laying was recorded in the herd in autumn at level of 10.13 hours of the day (i.e. 40.22% of the day). In the spring rest category took 9.00 hours (i.e. 37.48%). The form of animal husbandry at the farm was in correspondence with the natural biorhythms of the animals and allowed them to freely demonstrate natural instincts and behaviour. Based on the findings it is possible to judge that the system of suckler beef herds is useful in terms of ensuring animal welfare and Charolais breed is exercisable under those conditions.

Main aim of the diploma thesis was the analysis of Highland cattle herd and presentation of possibilities of this breed usage in mountain and submoutain areas in the area of the Czech Republic with respect to production of breeding stock and beef. Secondary target was to evaluate the longevity and length of productive life phase of cows of this breed and to describe all management procedures of the studied herd. On the ecological farm with extensive breeding of Highland cattle where the research was done total number of 60 cows and 101 calfs was bred. The structure of cows was analysed according to the year of birth, number of calves, calving interval, age at the first calving and birth difficulty. The average age of cows in the herd was 5 years and maximum number of calves per cow was 11. Calving interval was up to 350 days in 20.4% of the breeding cows, however 14.8% of cows experienced calving interval even more than 710 days. The age at the time of first calving was up to 4 years and the birth difficulty was classified as 100% without any human help. The calves reached in the years 2014 and 2015 an average weight at the age of 120 days 120 kg and 129 kg respectively. At the age of 210 days the weights were 177 kg and 182 kg respectively. The average daily gains were 825 g and 735 g in case of 120 days and 884 g and 772 g in case of 210 days respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The average weight of steers at the age of 20 months was approx. 335 kg and slaughter weight at 46 months was 563 kg in average. It can be claimed that with appropriate herd management comparable results can be reached under average conditions in the Czech Republic. This also means that a satisfying economic profit is attainable