Research in this diploma thesis was focused on monitoring of the beef cattle parasites and periodically was done from April 2015 to November 2015 on three different farms in two different regions (Vysočina and Středočeský region) in the Czech Republic. 20 samples of fresh faeces were collected every month from each farm during morning. Processing and consequent evaluation of samples took place in parasitology laboratory at State Veterinary Institute in Jihlava. Samples were evaluated using a relatively new coprological technique FLOTAC, developed in Italy and recommended for parasitological qualitative and quantitative analysis of large farm animal eggs and oocysts. For each farm two pooled samples (10 g each) by subtracting 1 g of faeces from individual samples were used. Results were evaluated and statistically analysed by statistical software Statistica 13. There was occurrence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes (family Trichostrongylidae), tapeworms (Moniezia spp.) and oocysts of coccidia (Eimeria spp.) on all of the farms. Only on the farm 3 there was also occurrence of fluke eggs (Paramphistomum spp.). From the results it was evident, that farms that administered anthelmintic to livestock had significantly lower amounts of EPG/OPG in animal faeces. Despite of using pooled samples, method proved to be reliable and sensitive for monitoring of developing stages of livestock parasites. Even low amount of eggs or oocysts in animal faeces were detected by coprological technique FLOTAC.

The goal of the thesis was an evaluation of the growth rate of calfs since their birth up until to the 365th day of their life, and reproductive performance in a selected group of the Charolais cattle. Data was gathered from the results of a utility-control carried out by a selected farm (UFARM spol. s.r.o.) from 2009 to 2014. This farm has been operating in an ecological system since 2007. A total of 806 calves has been evaluated. Several factors were selected (sex, lifespan, breed frequency, order of fertilizations, development of delivery, breeding technique, year and month of birth of the calves) that were supposed to prove the influence on the calves' growth rate. From the reproductive factors the meantime, during which was the year's development observed and breeding technique were selected. Statistical programme SAS 9.3, procedures MEANS, UNIVARIATE, REG, CORR, STEPWISE and MIXED were used to obtain results. From the results of statistical evaluation, it was possible to prove, that delivery development is affected by weight on the level of significance P < 0,001. The insignificant influence on the growth until the age of 120 days (P < 0,05), weight in 210 days (P < 0,05) and growth until the age of 210 days (P < 0,05) was interesting as well. After observing the influence of the fertilization order on the calf's growth developement, it is fair to state that the order of fertilization has a strong influence only on the calf's weight during delivery (P < 0,001). Birth weight varied strongly in all of the listed fertilization orders (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and higher) on the level of significance. Calfs born to a heifers weighed the least on average (43, 03 kg). On the contrary, the highest average weight of a newborn calves was observed by mothers that gave fourth (45, 68 kg), eighth and higher fertilization (45,69 kg). The influence of sexual dimorphism on the development of all growth factors of calves is apparent from the results (weight and growth since birth to the 365th day of life) and benefits the males (bulls) with the level of sigficance P < 0,001. One year's influece has been proven on almost all of the calves' growth factors (weight and growth since birth to the age of 365 days) on the significance level P < 0,001. Further observation showed that year 2009 had no influence on weight in 120 days and growth up until 120 days. Years 2012 and 2013 had no influence on calves' weight at 365 days, as well as on growth at 365 days. In 2014, on average highest, statistically proven values in all the monitored parameters. Furthermore, influence of the month, in which the calf was born, has been proven to have influence on weight at 210 days, growth at 210 days, growth (up to day 365) and weight at 365 days (P < 0,05). During further observation, statistically relevant differences depending on the month of birth have been recorded only in growth up to 210 days and in weight on day 365 (P < 0,05). The heaviest calves at the age of 365 were those born in March and, on the other hand, those born in April weighed the least. The chosen breeding technique influeced particularly the growth since birth (P < 0,01), weight at 210 days (P < 0,01) and growth until 210 days (P < 0,05). Less influenced is the weight at 120 days and growth up to 120 days of age. Except for the birth weight, the values of growth coefficients were higher in natural breeding. Analysis of results proved multiparity to be influetial on the calves' growth rate. Litter size influenced foremost the birth weight, weight at 120 and 210 days, and growth up to 120 days of age and 210 days of age on the significance level P < 0,01. A statistically less significant influence of the (litter size / breeding frequency) on the growth since birth and weight at 365 days was observed. All of the growth coefficients were higher in one offspring (only child/calf). The selected factors (calf's year of birth and fertilization method) had a statistically significant influence on the postpartum anestrus (P < 0,001). The duration of postpartum interval varied in all monitored years (2009/2014) on the significance level P < 0,01. On average, the highest number of days had the postpartum interval in 2012 (379,60) and the least number of days had the 2009 postpartum interval (282,50). postpartum inverval duration is proven to be influenced by the breeding technique on the significance level P < 0,01. Only in 2009 and in inseminated cows did the average length of the postpartum interval not meet the requirements set by breeding objective of the charoalais cattle.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the influence and mutual relation between the body condition of cow and the weight of calfs at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age. Next, the influence of the breeding cows body condition on the conception rate was examined. As hypothesis served the assumption that cows with optimal body condition (assesed via the BCS systém, levels 5 and 6) would have the highest conception rate and that their calfs would achieve the expected level of results at the inspection weighting. By contrast, at cows classified by the BCS system as a lower levels e.g. 4 or higher levels e.g. 7 and higher, the conception rate would decrease and the calfs would achieve worse levels at the inspection weighting. For the evaluation, 81 cows with their calves were observed. The beginning of evaluation of the mothers condition began always approximately a week after the calving and further evaluations continued in monthly intervals. In total, six body condition assessments were made with every specimen. For the processing of data, the SAS 9.3 programme was used, namely MEANS, UNIVARIATE, CORR, REG and MIXED procedures. The influence of BCS levels on the weight of calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age was not statistically significant (P > 0,05). But if we compare the occuring BCS levels in this work with the stated required range (BCS 5 to 7), the conclusion can be made that the results confirm the hypothesis. Also, a positive correlation occured between the occuring BCS level in the second assesment (P < 0,05) and the weight of calves at 120 days of age, as well as in levels of BCS in first (P < 0,01), second (P < 0,001), third (P < 0,05) assesment and the weight of the calves at 210 days of age. The influence of individual BCS levels on the conception rate was also studied. Here, the influence was also not statistically confirmed (P > 0,05), but the comparison between the occurring BCS levels and the stated optimal range (BCS 5 to 7), the conclusion that the results confirm the hypothesis can be stated. The order of cows calving has statistically important influence on the weight of the calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age. The best results were achieved by dams on the 6th and subsequent calving (P < 0,01 and P < 0,05). A positive correlation on the level of importance P = 0,05 was detected, between the order of the calving and pregnancy, but the statistically important influence was not confirmed (P > 0,05). The influence of the calving month on the weight of the calves was confirmed only at weights at 210 days of age. The highest values were achieved by calves born in April (P < 0,01). The influence of sex on the weight of the calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age was also studied. Higher values were achieved by bulls (P < 0,05). The weight of the calves at birth affects the calving difficulty. Mothers with calves of lesser weight had demonstrably easier calving (P < 0,01). In the case of difficult calvings, the influence of calves weight on calving was not proven (P > 0,05).

Summary In this thesis I dealt with verification of performance of beef cattle Charolais Breed on farm: Chov Charolais spol. s r. o. Slabce. The main objective of my diploma work was to assess the growth abilities of calves Charolais breed from birth till weaning in relation to various factors, for instance: gender, order of calving, number of born calves during one calving, month and year of the birth on the respective farm. The relevant data was assessed for the period of years 2012 - 2015. In this period there was born 324 calves of which 162 bulls, 153 heifers and 9 still born calves. The assessment of calf's growth characteristics was related to the average birthweight, average gain from birth to 120 days, and average weight at the age of 120 and 210 days. For the evaluation of calf's growth characteristics was used data gained from the database of performance testing of beef cattle (KUMP) for the given period. Growth parameters related to selected factors were processed with the use of statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS 9.3, 2011). The average weight of young bulls at birth was 33,58 kg and average weight of heifers was 32,99 kg. The average weight of bulls at the age of 120 days was 183,66 kg and the average weight of heifers was 175,58 kg which was demonstrated to be statistically significant (P < 0,01). The average weight of bulls at the age of 210 days was 288,28 kg which is again higher than heifers with average weight of 264,21 kg (P < 0,05). To summarize, there was identified statistically significant difference of the gender influence in behalf of bulls. After comparison of average weight at birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days separately for twins and an only child, there is obvious and also statistically significant finding (P < 0,01) that the observed twins are usually smaller at birth and their growth abilities are worse than that of only child. The average weight at birth for an only child is about 4,48 kg higher compared to twins. Then the average weight at the age of 120 days for an only child is about 38,68 kg higher than average weight of twings. Finally the average weight at the age of 210 days is about 58,26 kg higher for an only child. Regarding to the influence of order of calving there was identified no significant effect to both average birth weight and weight at the age of 210 days. The only statistical significance was identified between order of calving and the average weight at the age of 120 days in 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving (P < 0,05). Further I found out that calves in the 1st order of calving have significantly lower average weight from the 1st calving mothers at the age of 120 days than the calves in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving. The average weight of calves at the age of 120 days is about 9,29 kg lower than weight of calves in the 2nd order of calving. On the other hand the average weight of calves at the age of 120 days in the 5th order of calving is about 18,37 kg higher than weight of calves in the 1st order of calving. Similarly, calves in the 7th order of calving have about 13,63 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. And also calves at the age of 120 days in the 10th order of calving have about 15,78 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. In respect of influence of year of birth was identified statistically significant different level (P < 0,01) of the average birthweight in year 2013 compared to other years. Similarly there was demonstrated the statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) regarding to the average gain from birth in year 2013 compared to other years. The average birthweight in 2013 was 34,91 kg. The lowest average birthweight of 31,65 kg was observed in 2015. And for instance in 2012 the average birthweight was 32,48 kg which is still about 2,43 kg lower than in 2013. Regarding the evaluation of the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days there was only reported value of 1046,78 g in 2013. The best year regarding the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days was year 2014 which represented value of 1214,37 g. In the observed breed there took place births predominantly from January till June. Regarding the month of birth there was demonstrated statistically significant difference (P < 0,05) in respect of average birthweight of calves born in May 31,98 kg compared calves born in February 32,55 kg and in March 33,07 kg. Further was identified statistically significant difference regarding the average gain from birth for calves born in June 995,28 g compared to calves born in February 1197,87 g (P < 0,01). Similarly in March was reported value of 1181,18 g (P < 0,05). The last statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) was identified in respect of average weight at the age of 210 days of calves born in May 199,55 kg and in June 201 kg in comparison to calves born in January 282,05 kg, in February 284,65 kg, in March 277,21 kg and in April 277,76 kg. To conclude, based on the statistical analysis, conclusive results and literary sources there had been confirmed hypothesis that internal factors positively affect the growth abilities of calves.

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The diploma thesis is focused on issue of quality of gently comminuted meat products. The main topic is quality of gently comminuted meat products in relationship to consumption and technology development. There is a clear comparison of original and contemporary recipes of three selected meat products. The questionnaire survey has found out the opinion on comminuted meat products traded on Czech market.

This diploma thesis is focused on meat products and salt content. The theoretical part defines and divides meat products according to the legislation and the technology of preparation. Single steps of meat production are also described. There are also mentioned methods of meat products evaluation in this part. Furthermore, the basic facts of salt and health complications related to its excessive intake are here also described. In the practical part are evaluated quality differences in mortadella sausage of two different recipes. The results of analysis show that it is possible to produce mortadella sausage with reduced salt content 1,4 % (instead of 2%) and without significant influence on quality. The questionnare survey shows that men consume meat product more often than women. And the most of the respondents buy meat products in supermarkets. Salt content on the food label is monitored only by a small amount of respondents. For this reason, further education needs to be done.

Abstract This diploma thesis aims to evaluate the natural breeding of cattle that excludes cattle bred for the market production of milk, and the birthing complicatedness in one specific company. The thesis includes short descriptions of the male and female cattle reproductive systems, the pregnancy cycle, and the birth. The most common complications during and after giving birth will be introduced along with a short summary of how to take care of the mother and the calf during the most critical period of their lives. This information is then applied to the circumstances in the chosen company where each birth was recorded with focus on its complicatedness, the size of the calf in relation to the size of the mother, and postnatal complications. The weight gain of selected calves was recorded during two separate weight checks while the data for cows include the age of their first calving and the period of time they have spent in the breeding cycle before the research.

The diploma thesis is focused on meat products quality assessment and assessment according to fat and salt. The theoretical part describes traditional and legislative division of meat products, raw materials used in meat production, processing technology operations and risks of fat and salt intake. The practical part included Debrecen sausages and Vienna sausages production. These sausages were made in two variants, one with 2% salt content (control sample) and the other with lower - 1.6% salt content (experimental sample). Sensory analysis of the Debrecen sausages didn´t prove statistical significant differences, Sensory analysis of the Vienna sausages proved differences in color, juiciness and saltiness. The results of the analysis may be related with saltiness but also different fat content. The questionnare survey of sausages popularity and salt consumption shows that men consume meat products more often than women and the important factor that influence buying decisions is mainly meat products quality and meat content in case of sausages. Respondents´ salt consumption exceeds the recommended daily dose.

Beef Simental is a beef breed that is bred almost all over the world. In the Czech Republic there is the third most widespread of meat breeds in the number of cows. Most breeding bulls of this breed act in natural breeding, which confirms its popularity in commercial crosses. This diploma thesis was focused on growth ability and evaluation of reproductive indicators in five breeds dealing with breeding of this breed in performance control. The influence of breeding conditions, sex, breeding method, calving on weight of calf at birth, at 120, 210 and 365 days was monitored. Furthermore, the length of the interim period, the age at the first calving and the order of calving of the cows in the herd of individual breeders were determined. The influence of breeding conditions, breeding method, sex and calving rank was statistically highly significant (p ˂ 0.01). Difference between calves born after insemination bulls and after natural breeding was 25 kg. Bulls had higher weights in all reference periods (120, 210 and 365 days). The difference between the average weight of a bull and a heifer was 146 kg. There was a statistically significant difference (p ˂ 0,01) between the calves from the first calvers and the cows on the second calf and the other calves in weight. The average age at first calving in the evaluated farms is 954 days which confirms the current trend but is in conflict with the breeding goal of this breed.