No description available.

Parks and protected areas are crucial for the health of the biosphere and long-term sustainability of the planet. However challenges these areas face include: there are simply not enough of them, the existing ones are often too small and fragmented, and there is not always public support for them. Regional parks are specific types of protected areas that can help contribute to conservation and sustainability. The effectiveness of protected areas for conservation can be enhanced through a variety of strategies such as “biosphere reserves”. This research looks at stakeholder perceptions regarding potential benefits of the Mount Arrowsmith Massif Regional Park and the importance of the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve Operating Framework. This study has contributed to the larger Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction (PAPR) research initiative as it discusses the flow of costs and benefits from protected areas and alternate forms of protected area governance.

Comprendre la complexité des relations entre nature et sociétés a toujours constitué un défi pour les recherches dans le domaine de l'environnement. A l'ère de la compilation de données dans de nombreuses disciplines, la modélisation constitue l'une des options les plus attractives pour comprendre et traduire les évolutions du milieu naturel. Les objectifs principaux de ce travail de recherche sont 1) de restituer la structure du couvert végétal régional et d'en retracer les évolutions au cours de l'Holocène au sein de deux régions du nord-ouest de la France, le Bassin parisien et le Massif armoricain, et 2) de les interpréter en termes de relations entre les sociétés pré- et protohistoriques et leur milieu naturel. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place une démarche méthodologique visant à 1) redéfinir le cadre chronologique des séquences polliniques rassemblées pour les deux régions, 2) tester, adapter puis appliquer un modèle de reconstitution quantitative du couvert végétal, 3) définir une histoire de la végétation estimée relative à chaque aire géographique modélisée, 4) comparer ces histoires régionales et 5) les confronter aux informations disponibles en matière de densités de sites archéologiques et de proximité de ces sites aux points de sondages polliniques. Des cadres structurant l'évolution du couvert végétal pour chacune des deux régions étudiées ressortent les grandes étapes de la mise en place des paysages au cours de l'Holocène. Des spécificités régionales ont cependant pu être identifiées, tant en matière de chronologie de l'évolution de la végétation estimée qu'en matière de proportions relatives des taxons présents. Une certaine singularité doit donc être reconnue à l'évolution des paysages holocènes de chacune de ces deux parties du nord-ouest de la France. On remarque notamment des dynamiques et des niveaux d'anthropisation tout à fait distincts entre Bassin parisien et Massif armoricain de la fin du Mésolithique à celle du Néolithique. A l'inverse, on retrouve de part et d'autre une certaine similarité entre les proportions estimées des taxons marqueurs d'anthropisation entre la fin du Néolithique et celle de l'âge du Bronze. Des liens évidents entre les variations de l'impact anthropique enregistré et celles de la densité des occupations reconnues ont par ailleurs pu être observés.

[néant]

title: Surface Wave Analysis and Inversion Application to the Bohemian Massif author: Mgr. Petr Kolínský, DiS. author's e-mail address: kolinsky@irsm.cas.cz departments: Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague V Holešovičkách 2, Praha 8 - 180 00, Czech Republic and Department of Seismology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V Holešovičkách 41, Praha 8 - 182 09, Czech Republic supervisor: RNDr. Johana Brokešová, CSc. supervisor's e-mail address: johana.brokesova@mff.cuni.cz consultant: RNDr. Jiří Málek, PhD. consultant's e-mail address: malek@irsm.cas.cz keywords: surface waves, group velocity, phase velocity, frequency-time analysis, multiple filtering, tomography, inversion problems, Earth crust structure, Bohemian Massif An overview of surface wave analysis methods as well as of inversion techniques is given. Special attention is paid to the multiple filtering method for dispersion curve estimation, which is described by two different ways in detail. The isometric method is used for dispersion curve inversion and its description and tests are presented. Described methods are further used in applications. The applications show examples of surface wave analysis and inversion for 1D and 2D...

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-12-18T14:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação realmente corrigida.pdf: 2600370 bytes, checksum: f6dfd5312d899b3cc7513282683ff5be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T14:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação realmente corrigida.pdf: 2600370 bytes, checksum: f6dfd5312d899b3cc7513282683ff5be (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / Pode-se considerar a química das águas naturais dividida em duas categorias de reações mais comuns: as reações ácido-base e as de oxidação-redução. Os fenômenos ácidobase e de solubilidade controlam o pH e as concentrações de íons inorgânicos, resultando em composição química variada de acordo com as condições bioclimáticas. A origem da acidez de uma água natural pode estar relacionada à geoquímica e ao aporte de matéria orgânica e nutrientes, fenômeno frequente em ambientes que apresentam drenagem sob turfeira. As turfeiras são ambientes especiais para estudos relacionados com a dinâmica da matéria orgânica, elas contribuem para o sequestro global de carbono, além de funcionarem como reservatórios de água. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a correlação da matéria orgânica e da interação água-rocha com a acidez observada na nascente do rio Campo Belo, situada à 2419 m de altitude, no Maciço do Itatiaia. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de água e solo, submetidas à analise dos parâmetros físico-químicos in situ e análise dos íons maiores e elementos traço em laboratório. Os resultados encontrados foram utilizados para a realização da modelagem para especiação de íons em água e tratamento estatístico multivariado, que mostraram que a disponibilidade do alumínio no solo está correlacionada com as variações do pH ao longo do perfil. A liberação do alumínio aumenta a acidez do sistema através da hidrólise ácida da água, o que por sua vez, favorece o aumento da desmineralização e lixiviação de bases, favorecendo a concentração e retenção do alumínio no solo. Embora a matéria orgânica não seja responsável pela acidez, a presença da turfa é fator imprescindível para a manutenção da acidez, pois atua como sequestrador de bases ao formar complexos com as substâncias húmicas, além de exercer papel tamponante no sistema. / The chemistry of natural waters can be divided in two more common reaction categories: acid-base reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Acid-base and solubility phenomena control the pH and the inorganic ions concentrations, which result in diverse chemical composition, according to bioclimatic conditions. Acidity origin of natural waters can be related to its geochemistry and to organic matter and nutrient supplies, which are frequent phenomena in environments that present drainage underneath turf. Turfs are special environments for studies related to organic matter dynamic, they contribute to carbon global sequestration, besides functioning as water reservoirs. In that context, the aim of this work was to analyse the correlation between organic matter and water-rock interaction with the acidity observed at the Campo Belo river spring, located at 2419 m of altitude, at the Itatiaia massif. For that, water and soil samples were collected, and analised in terms of their physical-chemical parameters, in situ, and also analysis of the major ions and trace elements in laboratory. The observed results were used in an ion speciation modeling in water, and multivariate statistical analysis, that showed that the availability of aluminum in the soil is correlated to the pH variations along the soil profile. The liberation of aluminum increases the system acidity through acidic hydrolysis of water, which, in turn, promotes the increase of the demineralization and leaching of basis, favoring the concentration and retention of the aluminum of the soil. Despite the organic matter is not responsible for the acidity, the presence of turf is an indispensable factor for the maintenance of the acidity, since it acts as basis sequestrant as it forms complexes with humic substances, besides playing a role in buffering the system.

O Domínio Macururé, localizado na porção norte da Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana, é caracterizado por apresentar um grande volume de granitos (s.l.) de idade Neoproterozóica. O Maciço Glória Norte (MGN), que ocorre na porção centronorte do Domínio Macururé, representa uma das mais importantes intrusões que se colocaram após o pico de deformação e metamorfismo no orógeno (630 Ma). Nesse estudo identificou-se a presença de duas fácies petrográficas nesse maciço: quartzomonzonítica porfirítica, quartzo-monzonítica, além de diques leucocráticos. Os enclaves de diversos tipos, são uma feição recorrente em toda a extensão do maciço, assim como texturas evidenciam a existência do processo de misturas entre magmas. Os estudos microscópicos permitiram a identificação de várias texturas de instabilidade, e uma sequência de cristalização marcada pelo aumento de fluídos ao longo da evolução do magma. Os dados geoquímicos revelam uma afinidade com as rochas da série shoshonítica e seus enclaves exibem afinidade ultrapotássica com conteúdos de MgO e K2O sempre maiores que 3%. Nos diagramas ETR percebeuse um enriquecimento de ETR leves em relação aos pesados, além de fortes anomalias negativas de Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr e Eu, principalmente nos enclaves. As temperaturas médias calculadas pelo geotermômetro de Zr revelam que o início da cristalização no MGN se deu entre 810°C e 784°C e teve seu fim entre 730°C e 700°C. A idade obtida através do método U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5,2 Ma) posiciona o magmatismo que deu origem ao MGN, no Período Ediacarano, marcando a ocorrência de um magmatismo a 588 Ma, que não foi afetado por eventos tectônicos. / The Domain Macururé located in the northern portion of Sergipano Fold Thrust Belt, is characterized by having a large volume of granites (s.l.) of Neoproterozoic age. The Gloria Norte Massif (GNM), which occurs in the north-central portion of the Domain Macururé, represents a major intrusion that arose after the peak of deformation and metamorphism in the orogen (+ 630 Ma). In this study we identified the presence of two petrographic facies in that massif: quartz-monzonitic porphyritic, quartz-monzonitic and leucocratic dykes. The enclaves, varied tipology, are a recurrent feature in the whole extent of the massif, as well as mixtures of texture of mixing and mingling. Microscopic studies allowed the identification of various textures of the mixing and a sequence of crystallization marked by increased fluids during the evolution of the magma. Geochemical data reveal an affinity with shoshonitic series rocks, and their enclaves exhibit ultrapotassic affinity, wich always show MgO and K2O contents greater than 3%. In the diagrams ETR perceives an enrichment of LREE relative to HREE, and strong negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr, and Eu, mostly in enclaves. The average temperature calculated by Zr geothermometer showed that the onset of MGN crystallization occurred between 810°C and 784°C, and its end was between 730°C and 700°C. The ages obtained by U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5.2 Ma) positions the magmatism that gave rise to the MGN, in the Ediacaran and this age mark the occurrence of a magmatism (588 Ma), which was not significantly affected by tectonic events.

The principal goal of this Ph.D. Thesis is to contribute to the research on formation of compo- sitional and textural zoning in shallow-level plutons. Processes responsible for emplacement of individual plutons/pulses and the origin of compositional zoning in are addressed in a great detail, from the pluton-scale down to the micro-scale. The main emphasis in the more focused part of this text is on a combination of various quanti- tative data sets from two well-selected plutons (the Říčany Pluton in the Central Bohemian Plu- tonic Complex and the Melechov Pluton in the Moldanubian Batholith). These detailed studies are supported by further research on the Štěnovice, Čistá and Ševětín plutons. In this way we cover the evolution of Variscan magmatism in the heart of Bohemian Massif in its entirety, from Late Devonian till Permian. The thesis is based on combining field and structural studies (including the anisotropy of mag- netic susceptibility, AMS), textural analysis, petrological, geochronological and geochemical methods with geophysical investigations. Mathematical approaches have been designed and applied to the interpretation of geochemical data, with potential applications to other igneous systems. I strongly believe that only such comprehensive studies on well-selected case examples have a...

L'analyse des transferts hydriques inter-bassins massifs a fait l'objet de très peu de travaux en économie. Pourtant ce type d'intervention hydraulique est amené à prendre une place croissante dans la gestion de l'eau au 21ème siècle, dans les pays en développement et émergents notamment. Nous proposons une analyse du point de vue de l'économie écologique d'un projet de transfert hydrique dans le Nordeste du Brésil, en nous penchant particulièrement sur les conflits socio-environnementaux qui ont lieu autour de ce mégaprojet. Dans un premier temps, nous caractérisons le style de développement économique adopté par le Brésil au tournant du siècle ainsi que la dynamique des réformes de la gestion de l'eau. Nous tirons de cette analyse une présentation stylisée du complexe eau-économie nécessaire à la compréhension du projet étudié. Nous discutons ensuite les apports et limites des approches économiques (économie du bien-être, économie de la soutenabilité) de l'évaluation des grands projets hydrauliques. Nous mettons en exergue la spécificité des transferts inter-bassins massifs et proposons une grille d'analyse économique adaptée. Dans une troisième partie, nous approfondissons les conflits socio-environnementaux qui ont eu lieu autour du projet de transfert. Nous proposons une analyse en termes de justice environnementale ainsi qu'une modélisation de type institutionnaliste du conflit et de ses répercussions. / The analysis of massive inter-basin water transfers has been scarcely developed within the discipline of economics. Though, this kind of hydraulic engineering is bound to be ever more widepsread in the 21st century, in particular in developing and emerging economies. We propose an analysis of a water transfer project in Norhteastern Brazil from an ecological economic point of view. We especially investigate the socio-environmental conflicts that take place around this megaproject. In the first place, we characterise Brazil's current style of economic development at the turn of the century, as well as the dynamics of water sector reforms. From such an analysis, we draw a stylised presentation of the water-economy nexus which we deem necessary for the understanding of the project. We then discuss the scope and limits of economic approaches (welfare economics, sustainability economics) to the assessment of large scale water projects. We put an emphasis on the specific features of massive inter-basin water transfers and we propose a suitable economic framework. In a third part, we analyse the socio-environmental conflicts that took place in relation with the transfer project. We propose an environmental justice analysis as well as an institutionalist modeling of the conflict and its impacts.

No description available.