Fuzzy logic is based on the theory of fuzzy sets, where an object’s membership of a set is gradual rather than just member or not a member. Fuzzy logic uses the whole interval of real numbers between zero (False) and one (True) to develop a logic as a basis for rules of inference. Particularly the fuzzified version of the modus ponens rule of inference enables computers to make decisions using fuzzy reasoning rather than exact. We study decision making problem under uncertainty. we analyze Max-Min method and Minimization of regret method originally developed by Savage and further developed by Yager. We generalize The MMR method by creating the parameterized family of minimum regret methods by using the ordered weighted averaging OWA operators.

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A fair and optimal mechanism is required for allocating bandwidth to virtual machine migration in a WAN environment. In this thesis, we propose a dynamic resource allocation algorithm running in either centralized or distributed environments. The centralized version of our algorithm collects information from individual users and dynamically allocates bandwidth according to their demands. The distributed version of our algorithm is running on the internal nodes (e.g. routers) in the network. In the distributed case, we show that even when the routers and the users do not exchange allocation information, the allocation is still stable and optimal if the users are elastic users. Another interesting problem we solved is emergency handling, which is also critical in virtual machine live migration.

Un des problemes majeurs dans le domaine des telecommunications est de construire des réseaux robustes qui puissent faire face a l'incertitude de la demande. Ayant l'architecture d'un réseau et un budget donne pour le problème d'allocation de la capacité, le but est d'identifier une capacité faisable, qui minimise le pire cas de demande insatisfaite. Premièrement, nous formulons l'incertitude de la demande comme un polytope engendre par un nombre fini de scénarios de la demande. Nous montrons que le problème peut se ramener a la minimisation d'une fonction convexe sur un polyèdre. Nous calculons alors une solution optimale par trois méthodes de plans sécants : Kelley, Elzinga & Moore et faisceaux. Ensuite, nous formulons l'incertitude comme un polyèdre décrit par un nombre fini d'inégalités linéaires, ce qui résulte en un problème considérablement plus difficile. Par conséquent, nous cherchons uniquement des bornes supérieures et inférieures. Quelques idées novatrices sont présentées et l'algorithme de type \Branch & Bound" de Falk & Soland est utilise afin de calculer le maximum d'une fonction convexe additive ; de plus, nous défifinissons une variante de cet algorithme, adaptée a notre situation particulière. Après avoir défini la capacité d'un réseau, l'étape suivante est de calculer le routage optimal dans ce réseau. Nous minimisons la congestion en utilisant comme objectif la fonction moyenne de retard de Kleinrock. Le problème résultant est convexe mais non-linaire et la fonction duale est la somme d'un terme polyédral et d'un terme différentiable. Afin de résoudre ce problème, nous implémentons un algorithme hybride base sur la relaxation Lagrangienne.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been recognized as the most important transport-layer protocol for the Internet. It is distinguished by its reliable transmission, flow control, and congestion control. However, the issue of fair bandwidth-sharing among competing flows was not properly addressed in TCP. As web-based applications and interactive applications grow more popular, the number of short-lived flows conveyed on the Internet continues to rise. With conventional TCP, short-lived flows will be unable to obtain a fair share of available bandwidth. As a result, short-lived flows will suffer from longer delays and a lower service rate. It is essential for the Internet to come up with an effective solution to this problem in order to accommodate the new traffic patterns. With a more equitable sharing of bottleneck bandwidth as its goal, two cross-layer stateless queue management schemes featuring Drop Maximum (DM) and Early Drop Maximum (EDM) are developed and presented in this dissertation. The fundamental idea is to drop packets from those flows having more than an equal share of bandwidth and retain low level of queue occupancy. The congestion window size of a TCP sender is carried in the options field on each packet. These proposed schemes will be exercised on routers and make its decision on packet dropping according to the congestion windows. In case of link congestion, the queued packet with the largest congestion window will be dropped from the queue. This will lower the sending rate of its sender and release part of the occupied bandwidth for the use of other competing flows. By so doing, the entire system will approach an equilibrium point with a rapid and fair distribution of bandwidth. As a stateless approach, these proposed schemes inherit numerous advantages in implementation and scalability. Extensive simulations were conducted to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. For the simple proposed packet discard scheme, Drop Maximum outperforms the other two stateless buffer management schemes, i.e. Drop Tail and Random Early Drop, in the scenario of homogeneous flows. However, in heterogeneous flows, Random Early Drop gains superiority to packet discard schemes due to its additional buffer occupancy control mechanism. To overcome the lack of proper buffer occupancy control, Early Drop Maximum is thus proposed. As shown in the simulation results, this proposed scheme outperforms existing stateless techniques, including Drop Tail, Drop Maximum and Random Early Drop, in many respects, such as a fair sharing of available bandwidth and a short response time for short-lived flows.

abstract: Contention based IEEE 802.11MAC uses the binary exponential backoff algorithm (BEB) for the contention resolution. The protocol suffers poor performance in the heavily loaded networks and MANETs, high collision rate and packet drops, probabilistic delay guarantees, and unfairness. Many backoff strategies were proposed to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 but all ignore the network topology and demand. Persistence is defined as the fraction of time a node is allowed to transmit, when this allowance should take into account topology and load, it is topology and load aware persistence (TLA). We develop a relation between contention window size and the TLA-persistence. We implement a new backoff strategy where the TLA-persistence is defined as the lexicographic max-min channel allocation. We use a centralized algorithm to calculate each node's TLApersistence and then convert it into a contention window size. The new backoff strategy is evaluated in simulation, comparing with that of the IEEE 802.11 using BEB. In most of the static scenarios like exposed terminal, flow in the middle, star topology, and heavy loaded multi-hop networks and in MANETs, through the simulation study, we show that the new backoff strategy achieves higher overall average throughput as compared to that of the IEEE 802.11 using BEB. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2013

Le domaine de recherche de cette thèse est l'optimisation linéaire robuste en deux étapes. Nous sommes intéressés par des algorithmes d'exploration de sa structure et aussi pour ajouter des alternatives afin d'atténuer le conservatisme inhérent à une solution robuste. Nous développons des algorithmes qui incorporent ces alternatives et sont personnalisés pour fonctionner avec des exemples de problèmes à moyenne ou grande échelle. En faisant cela, nous expérimentons une approche holistique du conservatisme en optimisation linéaire robuste et nous rassemblons les dernières avancées dans des domaines tels que l'optimisation robuste basée sur les données, optimisation robuste par distribution et optimisation robuste adaptative. Nous appliquons ces algorithmes dans des applications définies du problème de conception / chargement du réseau, problème de planification, problème combinatoire min-max-min et problème d'affectation de la flotte aérienne. Nous montrons comment les algorithmes développés améliorent les performances par rapport aux implémentations précédentes. / The research scope of this thesis is two-stage robust linear optimization. We are interested in investigating algorithms that can explore its structure and also on adding alternatives to mitigate conservatism inherent to a robust solution. We develop algorithms that incorporate these alternatives and are customized to work with rather medium or large scale instances of problems. By doing this we experiment a holistic approach to conservatism in robust linear optimization and bring together the most recent advances in areas such as data-driven robust optimization, distributionally robust optimization and adaptive robust optimization. We apply these algorithms in defined applications of the network design/loading problem, the scheduling problem, a min-max-min combinatorial problem and the airline fleet assignment problem. We show how the algorithms developed improve performance when compared to previous implementations.

Cette thèse porte sur la théorie spectrale d’équations neutroniques partiellement élastiques introduites en 1974 par les physiciens E. W LARSEN et P. F. ZWEIFEL. L’opérateur de collision est alors la somme d’une partie inélastique (correspondant aux modèles neutroniques classiques) et d’une partie élastique qui induit des phénomènes spectraux nouveaux que l’on veut étudier. L’objectif de cette thèse est l’analyse fine de leur spectre asymptotique (la partie du spectre discret qui détermine le comportement asymptotique en temps des problèmes de Cauchy associés). L’étude spectrale de ces modèles partiellement élastiques met en jeu des propriétés spectrales d’opérateurs bornés non compacts et symétrisables. La première partie de la thèse est alors consacrée à la théorie spectrale des opérateurs symétrisables non compacts sur les espaces de Hilbert. Nous donnons une série de résultats d’analyse fonctionnelle sur ces opérateurs. En particulier nous donnons une méthode qui permet d’obtenir toutes les valeurs propres réelles situées à l’extérieur du disque spectral essentiel (i.e le plus petit disque fermé contenant le spectre essentiel) ainsi que des caractérisations variationnelles de ces valeurs propres. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur l’analyse spectrale des modèles cinétiques partiellement élastiques isotropes et homogène en espace (i.e les sections efficaces ne dépendent que du module des vitesses). Nous montrons entre autre que le spectre asymptotique est formé au plus de valeurs propres isolées de multiplicité algébrique finie. Nous montrons aussi que ce spectre ponctuel est réel. Nous démontrons que le nombre des valeurs propres réelles de l’opérateur de transport partiellement élastique augmente indéfiniment avec la taille du domaine spatial. Nous démontrons aussi que toutes ces valeurs propres tendent vers la borne spectrale de l’opérateur partiellement élastique homogène en espace quand la taille du domaine tend vers l’infini. Nous étudions aussi des modèles anisotropes pour lesquels nous étendons la plupart des résultats obtenus pour les modèles isotropes / This thesis is devoted to spectral theory of party elastic neutron transport equations introduced in 1974 by physicists E. LARSEN W and PF ZWEIFEL. The collision operator is then the sum of an inelastic part (corresponding to classical neutron transport models) and an elastic part that induces new spectral phenomena to be studied. The objective of this thesis is the analysis of their asymptotic spectrum (the part of the discrete spectrum that determines the time asymptotic behavior of the associated Cauchy problems). The spectral study of these partly elastic models involves spectral properties of bounded non-compact and symmetrizable operators. Thus the first part of the thesis deals with spectral theory of non compact symmetrizable operators on Hilbert spaces. We give a series of functional analytic results on these operators. In particular we give a method which provides us with all the real eigenvalues located outside the essential spectral disc and provide variational characterizations of these eigenvalues. The second part of the thesis focuses on spectral analysis of partly elastic isotropic and space homogeneous kinetic models (i.e. the cross sections depend only on speed modulus). Among other things, we show that the asymptotic spectrum consists at most of isolated eigenvalues with finite algebraic multiplicity. We also show that this point spectrum is real. Further we show that the number of real eigenvalues of the partly elastic transport operator increases indefinitely with the size of the spatial domain. We show also that all these eigenvalues tend to the spectral bound of the space homogeneous partly elastic operator when the size of domain tends to infinity. Most of these results are also extended to anisotropic models.

This diploma thesis deals with ant colony optimization for shortest path problems. In the theoretical part it describes Ant Colony Optimization. In the practical part ant colony optimization algorithms are selected for the design and implementation of shortest path problems in the Java.

This thesis considers the uplink of cell-free single input multiple output systems, in which the access points employ matched-filter reception. In this setting, our objectiveis to develop a scalable uplink power control scheme that relies only on large-scale channel gain estimates and is robust to changes in the environment. Specifically, we formulate the problem as max-min and max-product signal-to-interference ratio optimization tasks, which can be solved by geometric programming. Next, we study the performance of supervised and unsupervised learning approaches employing a feed-forward neural network. We find that both approaches perform close to the optimum achieved by geometric programming, while the unsupervised scheme avoids the pre-computation of training data that supervised learning would necessitate for every system or environment modification. / Den här avhandlingen tar hänsyn till upplänken till cellfria multipla utgångssystem med en enda ingång, där åtkomstpunkterna använder matchad filtermottagning. I den här inställningen är vårt mål att utveckla ett skalbart styrsystem för upplänkskraft som endast förlitar sig på storskaliga uppskattningar av kanalökningar och är robusta för förändringar i miljön. Specifikt formulerar vi problemet som maxmin och max-produkt signal-till-störningsförhållande optimeringsuppgifter, som kan lösas genom geometrisk programmering. Därefter studerar vi resultatet av övervakade och okontrollerade inlärningsmetoder som använder ett framåtriktat neuralt nätverk. Vi finner att båda metoderna fungerar nära det optimala som uppnås genom geometrisk programmering, medan det övervakade schemat undviker förberäkningen av träningsdata som övervakat inlärning skulle kräva för varje system- eller miljöändring.