Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / In military operations, covertness of operation is of paramount importance. The transmission power of the data link must be kept to the minimum to maintain a low probability of detection (LPD) from the adversary. However, a reduction in the transmitted power implies a reduction in the operating range, though the detection range by the enemy is also reduced. Therefore, to reduce the enemy’s detection range while maintaining operating distance, this thesis explores strategies to discriminate gain against an adversary’s sensor. The strategies involve using processing gain, directional antennas, polarization and the natural environment as a transmission shield. The processing gain strategy analyzed in this thesis uses a diversity technique called Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) applied to an IEEE 802.16a link. Sinclair D. Smith carried out a study on the possible processing gain derivable from this technique and this thesis will bring his results to practical applications via link analyses. In the event that the link is detected and the enemy decides to carry out jamming, the thesis explores a possible anti-jamming (AJ) strategy by using MRC and a directional antenna. Daniel P. Zastrow carried out a study on the AJ capability of MRC and this thesis brings his results to practical applications via link analyses. / Major, Republic of Singapore Airforce

Le but cette thèse était d’explorer l’influence du niveau d’activité physique et du niveau de performance physique sur la densité minérale osseuse, la géométrie osseuse de la hanche et le score de l’os trabéculaire chez de jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses. Trois principales études ont été menées. Une première étude a montré que la pratique d’activités physiques a un effet positif sur le CMO, la DMO et la section transversale du col fémoral chez les hommes en surcharge pondérale. Une deuxième étude a suggéré que le niveau d’activité physique influence positivement les paramètres osseux chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses et que l’optimisation de la masse maigre, de la VO2 max (L/min) et de la force maximale des membres inférieurs peut aider à prévenir l’ostéoporose chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses. Enfin, une dernière étude, a été la première à démontrer une relation positive entre la VO2 max (ml/mn/kg) et les indices de résistance osseuse du col fémoral (le CSI, le BSI et l’ISI) chez les jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses et a donc suggéré que l’augmentation de la VO2 max chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses pourrait aider à réduire les fractures stéoporotiques. Ces différents résultats suggèrent une adaptation ostéogénique significative des jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses en réponse à l’entrainement physique. / The aim of this thesis was to explore the influence of physical activity level and physical performance on bone mineral density, hip geometry and trabecular bone score in young overweight and obese men. Three main studies have been conducted. The first study has shown that physical activity practice has a positive effect on BMC, BMD and femoral neck crosssectional area in overweight men. The second study has shown that physical activity level positively affects bone variables in overweight/obese men and that increasing lean mass, VO2 max (L/min) and muscular strength of the lower limbs can help to prevent osteoporosis in overweight and obese men. Finally, the last study, was the first to show positive associations between maximal oxygen consumption (milliliter per minute per kilogram) and composite indices of FN strength (CSI, BSI and ISI) in young overweight and obese men and therefore suggested that enhancing VO2 max in overweight and obese men may help to reduce osteoporotic fractures. These different results suggest a significant osteogenic adaptation in young overweight and obese men in response to physical training.

This dissertation was the first in the field of Occupational Therapy to sub-classify and define Creativity under the headings Creative Ability, Creative Response, Creative Act and Creative Capacity, and the first to identify maximal response to challenge as the means by which Creative Growth occurs in therapy. Occupational Therapists have traditionally used the word 'Creativity' to describe a treatment medium. We seek to nurture the Creativity inherent in each individual allowing our clients to reach their full potential. While based on the philosophies of Existentialism and Phenomenology the study nevertheless suggests a psycho-analytical role utilizing Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. In defining the Philosophical-psychological, Physical, Social and Psychical Nature of Creativity the writings of early theorists including Martin Buber and H.J.V. du Toit are referenced. The 4 stages of the Creative Process (Wallas) are related to the key concepts of Awareness, Commitment and Intentionality. The final stage is presented dialectically as Verification of Existence, Meaning and Significance providing Occupational Therapists with therapeutic principles relating to values. An examination of Conformity and Creative Response presents guidelines for the grading of Human Occupations. Socially Valid and Existential Norms are defined and principles for applications are proposed. Suggestions for further work in Occupational Therapy are put forward. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 1970. / gm2013 / Occupational Therapy / unrestricted

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the lowest level of aerobic metabolism in a resting individual. By contrast, maximal metabolic rate (MMR) reflects the upper limit of aerobic metabolism achieved during intensive exercise. As RMR and MMR define the boundaries of the possible levels of metabolism expressed by a normothermic individual, a key question is whether RMR and MMR are correlated. To evaluate the relationship between RMR and MMR, I took repeated paired measurements of RMR and MMR on 165 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) during the summer of 2018. Repeatability (R±se) was significant for both RMR and MMR (RRMR=0.15±0.07 and RMMR=0.27±0.12). At the residual level (within-individual), RMR and MMR were significantly and positively correlated (re=0.20, 95% confidence intervals: 0.04, 0.34). Such a positive residual correlation could be result of correlated phenotypic plasticity. By contrast, RMR and MMR were significantly and negatively correlated at the among-individual level (rind=-0.87, 95% confidence intervals: -0.99, -0.28). The negative among-individual correlation suggests there are trade-offs between the maintenance and active components of the energy budget (allocation model). Future research should investigate the relationship between RMR and other energetically expensive behaviours and activities to understand how energy is allocated among individuals.

Maximal evenness was first introduced in the music theory domain by John Clough and Jack Douthett. Later, the concept was explored by others such as Dmitri Tymoczko and Richard Cohn. Although maximal evenness was first explored with respect to pitch-classes, the concept can be understood in the rhythmic domain. An explanation of voice-leading space can be found here to create a conceptual foundation before departing to the implications of maximal evenness on rhythm. This thesis will then explore the concept further by exploring music from Steve Reich and György Ligeti to demonstrate the applicability and deeper understanding of the concept.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21543号 / 理博第4450号 / 新制||理||1639(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 福島 竜輝, 教授 熊谷 隆, 教授 牧野 和久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Introduktion: Passningsförmåga är en av dom viktigaste förmågorna att utveckla hos unga fotbollsspelare. Forskning har även visat att passningsförmågan tenderar att försämras av trötthet, vilket kan uppstå under match. ICON är en ny digital utrustning för att mäta fotbollsspelares passningsförmåga på fältet som inte tidigare studerats i forskningen. Syfte: var att undersöka ICON passningstest test-retest reliabilitet samt validitet till passningsprocent i en fotbollsmatch hos unga manliga fotbollsspelare. Vidare jämfördes aerob intensitet (HRpeak) under ett kort testprotokoll (1 min) i ICON jämfört med ett längre testprotokoll (2 min). Metod: Tolv unga manliga pojkfotbollsspelare (ålder = 10.7 ± 0.5 år; längd = 143.5 ± 3.8 cm; och vikt = 34.2 ± 2.3 kg) rekryterades till studien och genomförde tre testprotokoll. ICON har till funktion att kunna spåra antal passningsträffar. Matcherna genomfördes inomhus och videokameror sattes upp för att kunna räkna ut passningsprocenten. Hjärtfrekvensen (HRpeak) undersöktes och Borg-CR10-skalan skattades från deltagarna som utförde ICON. Resultat: ICON passningstest test-retest reliabilitet visade hög relativ reliabilitet (ICC = 0.90– 0.93, p ≤ 0.05). Det fanns en stark positiv signifikant korrelation (r = 0.88, p ≤ 0.05) mellan maximalt antal poäng från ICON passningstest under 1 minut och passningsprocent under en fotbollsmatch. Dessutom var HRpeak signifikant (p ≤ 0.05) högre i det långa ICON testprotokoll jämfört med det korta testprotokollet. Dock fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad (p ≥ 0.05) i passningspoäng mellan det långa och korta ICON testet. Vidare fanns det ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad (p ≥ 0.05) i Borg-CR10-skalan. Slutsats: ICON passningstest är en valid och reliabel metod och kan rekommenderas för att mäta passningsförmågan hos unga manliga fotbollsspelare. Framtida forskning rekommenderas att validera och undersöka reliabiliteten på flera olika populationer. / Introduction: Passing is one of the most important abilities to develop in young male soccer players. Research has also shown that passing tends to be impaired by fatigue that can occur during a match. ICON is a new technological equipment for measuring soccer players passing ability in the field that has not previously been studied in research. Purposes: was to examine ICON passing tests test-retest reliability as well as validity to pass percentage in a soccer match among young male soccer players. Furthermore, aerobic intensity (HRpeak) was compared during a short test protocol (1 min) in ICON compared to a longer test protocol (2 min). Methods: Twelve young male soccer players (age = 10.7 ± 0.5 years; height = 143.5 ± 3.8 cm; and weight = 34.2 ± 2.3 kg) were recruited to the study and performed three test protocols. ICON has the function to track the number of passing hits. The matches were conducted indoors, and video cameras were setup to calculate the pass percentage. The heart rate (HR peak) was examined, and the Borg-CR10-scale was estimated from the participants. Results: ICON passing test test-retest reliability showed high relative reliability (ICC = 0.90- 0.93, p ≤ 0.05). There was a strong positive significant correlation (r = 0.88), p ≤ 0.05) between the maximum number of points from the ICON passing test for 1 minute and the pass percentage during a soccer match. In addition, HRpeak was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in the long ICON test protocol compared to the short test protocol. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in passing scores between the long and short ICON passing test. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the Borg-CR10-scale. Conclusions: ICON passing test is a valid and reliable method and can be recommended to measure the passing ability of young male soccer players. Future research is recommended to validate and investigate the reliability of several different populations.

Let R be a domain, V a left R-module, and L a composition series of direct summands of V. Our main results show that if U is a stabilizer group of L containing the McLain-group associated with L , then U determines the chain (L,⊆) uniquely up to isomorphism or anti-isomorphism.

Families of connected spaces Adam Bartoš Abstract We deal with two completely different kinds of connected spaces - maximal connected spaces and metrizable continua. A topologi- cal space is maximal connected if it is connected, but every strictly finer topology on the same base set is disconnected. Here, the name "Families of connected spaces" refers to the collection of all connected topologies on a given set, which is ordered by inclusion, and maximal connected topologies are its maximal elements. We study the con- struction of tree sums of topological spaces, and how this construc- tion preserves maximal connectedness. We also characterize finitely generated maximal connected spaces as T1 2 -compatible tree sums of copies of the Sierpiński space. On the other hand, we are interested in a general question when for a given class of continua there exists a metrizable compactum whose set of components is equivalent to the given class. (Two classes are equivalent if they contain the same spaces up to homeomorphic copies.) We introduce compactifiable, Polishable, strongly compactifiable, and strongly Polishable classes of compacta, and we investigate their properties. This is related to the descriptive complexity of equivalent realizations of the given class in the hyper- space of all compacta. We prove that...