A research project was carried out to investigate several aspects of Mobil’s composition of matter #41 (MCM-41) pertaining to its potential application in water treatment technologies. The goal of the work was to lead to a recommendation of whether further work investigating this particular, potential application is warranted at the present time. A dissolution experiment indicated that Pd/MCM-41 is more stable in contact with deionized water at 25±0.1 degrees Celsius than purely siliceous MCM-41. Stability increases with increasing mass percent loading of Pd in the Pd/MCM-41 material. The increased stability was attributed to a reduction in Pd/MCM-41 surface areas relative to the parent MCM-41 material. The reduction in surface area is likely the result of partial or complete blocking of the MCM-41 mesopores by Pd centres. Ni/MCM-41 was less stable in contact with deionized water than MCM-41 and Pd/MCM-41. Both Ni and Pd impregnated MCM-41 exhibited enhanced stability relative to purely siliceous MCM-41 in 0.01 M NaCl solution. The stability enhancement was more pronounced for Pd/MCM-41. A long term dissolution experiment showed that MCM-41 retained its characteristic hexagonal mesopore structure and high surface area after 1,174 days of contact with deionized water. The ability of Pd/MCM-41 to absorb hydrogen was investigated in a series of experiments in pressure cells at 25±0.1 degrees Celsius and approximately 101.3 kPa. The Pd in Pd/MCM-41 was able to absorb 0.85±0.18 moles of hydrogen per mole of Pd present. This was a higher level of absorption than found in most other, published Pd-hydrogen investigations. It is proposed that enhanced uptake of hydrogen by Pd/MCM-41 may be the result of a higher proportion of surface and subsurface sites in the samples relative to other supported Pd materials. Batch and column trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation experiments indicated that Pd/MCM-41 has substantial longevity while degrading at least 91% of inflow TCE concentrations in hydrogen-saturated deionized water over 5,036 pore volumes. The average inflow TCE concentration was 4.94E-2 ± 4.87E-3 mmol/l with maximum and minimum concentrations of 7.24E-2 mmol/l and 2.63E-2 mmol/l, respectively. The dominant breakdown product of TCE degradation in the presence of Pd/MCM-41 was ethane. Minimal concentrations of intermediate degradation products were detected, if at all. This result suggests that TCE completely degrades to ethane before desorbing from the Pd/MCM-41 surface. It was shown that Pd/MCM-41 was more effective and had better longevity at treating inflow TCE compared to a lower cost substitute, Pd/sand. Unlike Pd/MCM-41, Ni/MCM-41 did not induce degradation of TCE. Column experiments using Ni-Pd/MCM-41 materials indicated that while the material does induce degradation of TCE, the Pd cannot be substituted for Ni on a 1:1 basis while still obtaining similar degradation results as Pd/MCM-41. Pd/MCM-41 was not able to substantially reduce initial concentrations of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) in a batch experiment. A small reduction in the initial HMPA concentration was attributed to adsorption onto the Pd/MCM-41 surfaces rather than degradation of the compound. Several of the above-mentioned results suggest that MCM-41 and Pd/MCM-41 show great potential for being incorporated into water treatment technologies. Both the long term stability of the material in contact with deionized water and the longevity of a Pd/MCM-41 column in treating inflow TCE are very promising results with respect to applications in water treatment technologies. It is recommended that future work be pursued with this goal in mind.

SANTOS, Evânia Carvalho dos. Síntese e caracterização de Al-MCM-41 a partir de caulim por rota hidrotérmica e avaliação de desempenho na adsorção de azul de metileno. 2015. 82 f. Dissertação (mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-04-01T20:08:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ecsantos.pdf: 3288362 bytes, checksum: 7cd0dc9b77f3e67dec527a51e78e5315 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-20T17:34:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ecsantos.pdf: 3288362 bytes, checksum: 7cd0dc9b77f3e67dec527a51e78e5315 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T17:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ecsantos.pdf: 3288362 bytes, checksum: 7cd0dc9b77f3e67dec527a51e78e5315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The mesoporous materials Al-MCM-41 produced from kaolin, low cost raw material, by means of hydrothermal acid treatment route, has shown potential for being used as adsorbent in removal process of methylene blue. The process of synthesis of Al-MCM-41 is based on calcination of kaolin, dealumination by acid treatment, hydrothermal synthesis and extraction of the surfactant. The characterization of de obtained mesoporous material was carried out by techniques such as: X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared, 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption. The X-ray diffraction at low angles allowed the determination of the cell parameter, which was 4.02 nm. The analyses of scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed important morphological properties of the synthesized material. N2 adsorption/desorption showed a BET specific surface area of 1,303 m2 g-1, pore volume of 1.23 cm3 g-1 and average diameter of 2.45 nm. PZC measurements showed a pHPZC of 2.69. The adsorption of methylene blue by Al-MCM-41 adsorbent showed high kinetic and high adsorption capacity, with values around 316 mg g-1. / O material mesoporoso Al-MCM-41 produzido a partir de caulim, matéria-prima de baixo custo, por meio de rota hidrotérmica com tratamento ácido, mostrou-se promissor para ser usado como adsorvente do corante azul de metileno. O processo de síntese da Al-MCM-41 é baseado na calcinação do caulim, desaluminização por tratamento ácido, síntese hidrotérmica e eliminação do surfactante. A caracterização do material mesoporoso foi realizada por meio de técnicas como: difração de raios-X, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido de 29Si e 27Al, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e adsorção de N2. A análise de difração de raios-X em baixo ângulo da Al-MCM-41 permitiu a determinação do parâmetro de célula que apresentou valor de 4,02 nm. As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão revelaram importantes propriedades morfológicas do material sintetizado. Utilizando as medidas de adsorção e desorção de gás N2 a área superficial específica BET da Al-MCM-41 apresentou valor 1.303 m2 g-1, com um volume de poros de 1,23 cm3 g-1 e diâmetro médio de 2,45 nm. O teste do PZC determinou um pHPZC de 2,69. Os testes de adsorção do azul de metileno pelo adsorvente Al-MCM-41 mostraram que o mesmo apresenta alta capacidade de adsorção com valores em torno de 316 mg g-1.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-30T15:03:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFPC.pdf: 5674142 bytes, checksum: 2b09e53e30f296122440ae7374003979 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:08:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFPC.pdf: 5674142 bytes, checksum: 2b09e53e30f296122440ae7374003979 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:08:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFPC.pdf: 5674142 bytes, checksum: 2b09e53e30f296122440ae7374003979 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFPC.pdf: 5674142 bytes, checksum: 2b09e53e30f296122440ae7374003979 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / The control of pore geometry and pore diameter of silica mesoporous materials is necessary for application of these materials, mainly in industrial process that depends on the shape selectivity. This way, considerable efforts have been devoted to control pore structure of these materials. In this study it has been found the influence of cetyltrialkylammonium and alkyltripropylammonium (CnPr3Br, n = 14-22) surfactants in the formation and properties of mesoporous silicas and subsequently microporous silicas. Regarding the mesoporous silicas synthesized through cetyltrialkylammonium surfactants, it was observed that the silicas pore size increased and the structural ordering decreased as the head group of surfactants increased. In contrast, the increase of lkyltripropylammonium tail resulted in silicas with larger porous diameter and structural ordering. The mesoporous silica with the largest pore diameter (3,60 nm), synthesized with C22Pr3Br surfactant exhibited narrow pore-diameter distribution and a hexagonal organization characteristic of MCM-41 silica. The performance of alkyltripropylammonium surfactant as zeolitic structure directing agents was also investigated. The results showed the formation of a physical mixture between MFI and magadiite structures under different hydrothermal treatment temperatures. Only after addition of tetrapropylammonium cations to reaction mixture containing alkyltripropylammonium cations it was possible to obtain pure MFI structure. However, the presence of alkyltripropylammonium cations had strong influence on the crystals growth and consequently in the form of zeolite crystals obtained. / O controle da geometria e do diâmetro dos poros dos materiais mesoporosos à base de sílica faz-se necessário para a maior aplicabilidade destes materiais, principalmente em processos dependentes da seletividade de forma. Neste sentido, diversos estudos têm dedicado esforços para o maior controle da estrutura destes materiais. Neste estudo verificou-se a influência de surfactantes com diferentes tamanhos de cabeça hidrofílica (cetiltrialquilamônio) e diferentes comprimentos de cauda hidrofóbica (alquiltripropilamônio, CnPr3Br, n = 14-22) na formação e propriedades de sílicas mesoporosas e posteriormente, sílicas microporosas. Em relação às sílicas mesoporosas sintetizadas com os surfactantes cetiltrialquilamônio, observou-se com o aumento do tamanho da cabeça desses surfactantes, o aumento do diâmetro de poros das sílicas apesar da diminuição do ordenamento estrutural dessas. Em contrapartida, o aumento do comprimento da cauda dos surfactantes alquiltripropilamônio resultou em sílicas com maior diâmetro de poros e ordenação estrutural. A sílica com maior diâmetro de poros (3,60 nm), sintetizada com o surfactante C22Pr3Br, apresentou uma estreita distribuição de diâmetro de poros e uma organização hexagonal dos poros, característica da sílica MCM-41. A capacidade de atuação dos surfactantes alquiltripropilamônio como agentes direcionadores de estrutura zeolíticos também foi investigada. Os resultados mostraram a formação de uma mistura física entre as estruturas MFI e magadiita sob diferentes temperaturas de tratamento hidrotérmico. Somente após a adição dos cátions tetrapropilamônio à mistura reacional contendo os cátions alquiltripropilamônio foi possível a obtenção da zeólita com estrutura MFI pura. Entretanto, a presença dos cátions alquiltripropilamônio teve grande influência no crescimento dos cristais e consequentemente no formato dos cristais zeolíticos obtidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4980.pdf: 7065089 bytes, checksum: cc04d2b559d352db6282feb57da9b92c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The present work shows a new technique applied to the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts MCM-41 containing basic alkylammonium cations and the study of stability in the transesterification reactions of monoesters. MCM-41 was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to demand for materials with pore diameters in the range of mesoporous and is characterized by the arrangement of hexagonally ordered channels. Its synthesis involves precursors such as silicon source, hydroxyl source and surfactant, this latter in aqueous solution assumes the provision more favorable to their bi-functional character, forming a structure called a micelle. Recent polls show MCM-41, containing alkylammonium cations as an excellent base catalyst in fine chemistry and applicability in the production of biodiesel possessing strong basic sites related to the presence of anions siloxy ≡SiO- from interacting with the surfactant alkylammonium cations. The potential for reuse of heterogeneous catalysts brings economic benefits to the chemical processes involved, but the stability is needed in the different uses and leaching of these cations to the reaction observed in the different uses of the catalysts MCM-41 CTA+ reconciled to the loss of catalytic activity observed in literature motivated the search for new methods of synthesis with the aim of setting alkylammonium cations (CTA+) in the catalyst micelles. With this objective the styrene was used in synthesizing and expanding agent micellar enabling it inside the micelles and subsequent polymerization. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy in the region, elementary chemical analysis (CHN) techniques were used for characterization of new materials poly (styrene)-MCM-41 CTA+. The new catalysts provide high conversions (82%) transesterification of monoester (ethyl acetate) and methanol (1:6) at 50 ° C and were more stable catalytic achieving the proposed objective. / O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo uma nova técnica aplicada à síntese dos catalisadores heterogêneos básicos MCM-41 contendo cátions alquilamônio e o estudo da estabilidade nas reações de transesterificação de monoésteres. A MCM-41 foi desenvolvida pela Mobil Oil Corporation em 1992 devido à demanda por materiais com diâmetros de poros na faixa dos mesoporos e se caracteriza pelo arranjo de canais ordenados hexagonalmente. Sua síntese envolve a utilização de precursores com fonte de silício, fonte de hidroxila e de surfactante, sendo que este último em solução aquosa assume a disposição mais favorável à sua característica bifuncional, formando uma estrutura denominada micela. Pesquisas recentes apresentam a MCM-41 contendo cátions alquilamônio, como um excelente catalisador básico com aplicabilidade na química fina e produção de biodiesel, devido à presença de sítios básicos fortes, relacionados à interação de ânions siloxi ≡SiO- provenientes da interação com cátions alquilamônio do surfactante. O potencial de reutilização dos catalisadores heterogêneos agrega vantagens econômicas aos processos químicos envolvidos, porém a lixiviação desses cátions para o meio reacional foi observada nos reusos dos catalisadores CTA-MCM-41. Consequentemente ocorre a perda de atividade catalítica o que tem motivado a busca de novas metodologias de síntese com o objetivo de fixar cátions alquilamônio CTA+ nas micelas do catalisador. Com este objetivo o estireno foi utilizado na síntese se alojando no interior das micelas e em seguida submetido a radiação ultravioleta para o processo de polimerização. Difratometria de raios X, espectroscopia na região de infravermelho, espalhamento de raios X a pequenos ângulos, análise química (C H N), fisissorção de nitrogênio, microscopias eletrônicas foram as técnicas utilizadas para caracterização dos novos materiais CTA-MCM-41 contendo poliestireno. Os novos catalisadores forneceram altas conversões (82 %) na transesterificação de monoéster (acetato de etila) com metanol (1:6) a 50 °C e mostraram-se mais estáveis alcançando o objetivo proposto.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2907.pdf: 1730602 bytes, checksum: 570de65e85efe48996d22b052773dfed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The hybrid [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 mesoporous material (where CTA+ is the cetyltrimethylammonium cation) was employed as synthesized in the transesterification reaction between ethyl acetate and methanol. This is a model reaction to test catalysts for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats. The basic sites of this catalyst were identified as the siloxy anions, generated by the presence of CTA+ cations (≡SiO-CTA+). As the MCM-41 pores are obstructed by these cations the catalytic reaction occurs probably at the pore mouth. The aim of this work was to evaluate different methods of synthesis, studying the effect of thermal parameters treatment (time and temperature) in the activity of as synthesized catalysts. It was observed that the catalytic activity performance is directly related with a better hexagonal structure organization of the samples, then the most organized mesoporous phase presents a larger amount of organized pores. Therefore, the catalytic sites (anions ≡SiO -) are more accessible to catalyze the reaction. / A peneira molecular mesoporosa [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 (onde CTA+ é o cátion cetiltrimetilamônio) foi empregada, tal como sintetizada, na transesterificação do acetato de etila com metanol. Está é uma reação modelo para testar catalisadores para a produção de biodiesel a partir de óleos vegetais e gorduras. Os sítios básicos do catalisador são identificados como sendo os ânions silóxi associados aos cátions CTA+ (≡SiO-CTA+). Como os poros da MCM-41 estão preenchidos pelo cátion orgânico, a reação ocorre provavelmente na boca dos poros. Este trabalho buscou avaliar diferentes procedimentos de síntese da [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 promovendo variações nos parâmetros de tratamento térmico (tempo e temperatura) e verificar as suas influências na atividade dos materiais tal como sintetizados. Observou-se que o desempenho catalítico está diretamente relacionado com o grau de organização da estrutura, uma vez que, a fase mesoporosa mais organizada provavelmente apresenta maior densidade de bocas de poro. Dessa forma, os sítios catalíticos (ânions ≡SiO-) encontram-se mais acessíveis para catalisar a reação.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / factor responsible for climate change worldwide. In recent years, several research are intended to developing new methods and technologies to capture and separation CO2. The use of the adsorption method for separating CO2 is a promising alternative in view of the potential to reduce energy costs by eliminating aqueous solutions and providing capture and regeneration rates adequate. In this context, this paper presents the synthesis of composite type materials ZSM-12 / MCM-41 and ZSM-12 / MCM-48, seeking to combining the properties of the zeolitic material to the structural advantages of mesoporous materials, resulting in obtaining materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity. For this, the materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method and mechanosynthesis. The materials were characterized by XRD, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared, thermal analysis, adsorption-desorption analysis of N2 A 77 K, SEM and TEM. The CO2 adsorption capacity of these materials were investigated by gravimetric analysis. The results obtained from the characterization techniques showed that the synthesis methodology, used for desilication phase of ZSM-12, was efficient in obtaining a composite material with integrated micro and mesoporous phases. On the other hand, the results showed that by mechanosynthesis was possible to obtain materials formed by mixing between the micro and mesoporous phases. Also, comparing the results of adsorption CO2 the obtained composite materials by hydrothermal method with those obtained by mechanosynthesis it was concluded that the adsorption capacity is influenced by crystallinity and amount of the phase ZSM-12. The results showed from adsorption, in general, ZM48-75 samples, ZM41 A/MH R3 and ZM41-50 showed higher adsorption capacity than pure zeolitic and mesoporous materials, respectively. Thus, the composite materials of the type ZSM-12/ZSM-41 and MCM-12/MCM-48 are promising adsorbents for CO2 separation. / O aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera é apontado como o principal fator responsável pelas mudanças climáticas em escala mundial. Nos últimos anos, várias pesquisas têm por finalidade o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e tecnologias para captura e separação de CO2. A utilização do método de adsorção para separação de CO2 é uma alternativa promissora, tendo em vista o potencial para reduzir os custos energéticos, eliminando soluções aquosas e proporcionando captura e taxa de regeneração adequadas. Nesse contexto, neste trabalho apresenta-se a síntese de materiais compósitos do tipo ZSM-12/MCM-41 e ZSM-12/MCM-48, visando combinar as propriedades do material zeolítico com as vantagens estruturais dos materiais mesoporosos, resultando na obtenção de materiais com elevadas capacidades de adsorção de CO2. Para isto, os materiais foram sintetizados pelo método hidrotérmico e por mecanosíntese. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho, análise térmica, analise de adsorção-desorção de N2 A 77 K, MEV e TEM. A capacidade de adsorção de CO2 destes materiais foi investigadas através da análise gravimétrica. As técnicas de caracterização mostraram que a metodologia de síntese adotada via dessilicalização da fase ZSM-12 foi satisfatória na obtenção de um material compósito com as fases micro e mesoporosas integradas. Por outro lado, os resultados evidenciaram que através da mecanosíntese foi possível obter materiais formados pela mistura entre as fases micro e mesoporosas. Além disso, comparando-se os resultados de adsorção de CO2 dos materiais compósitos obtidos via método hidrotérmico com os obtidos via mecanosíntese foi possível concluir que a capacidade de adsorção é influenciada pela cristalinidade ou teor da fase ZSM-12. Considerando-se os resultados de adsorção apresentados, de maneira geral, as amostras ZM48-75, ZM41-A/R3-MH e ZM41-50, apresentaram maior capacidade de adsorção que os materiais zeolíticos e mesoporosos puros, respectivamente. Sendo assim, os materiais compósitos do tipo ZSM-12/MCM-41e ZSM-12/MCM-48 são promissores adsorventes para separação de CO2.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / factor responsible for climate change worldwide. In recent years, several research are intended to developing new methods and technologies to capture and separation CO2. The use of the adsorption method for separating CO2 is a promising alternative in view of the potential to reduce energy costs by eliminating aqueous solutions and providing capture and regeneration rates adequate. In this context, this paper presents the synthesis of composite type materials ZSM-12 / MCM-41 and ZSM-12 / MCM-48, seeking to combining the properties of the zeolitic material to the structural advantages of mesoporous materials, resulting in obtaining materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity. For this, the materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method and mechanosynthesis. The materials were characterized by XRD, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared, thermal analysis, adsorption-desorption analysis of N2 A 77 K, SEM and TEM. The CO2 adsorption capacity of these materials were investigated by gravimetric analysis. The results obtained from the characterization techniques showed that the synthesis methodology, used for desilication phase of ZSM-12, was efficient in obtaining a composite material with integrated micro and mesoporous phases. On the other hand, the results showed that by mechanosynthesis was possible to obtain materials formed by mixing between the micro and mesoporous phases. Also, comparing the results of adsorption CO2 the obtained composite materials by hydrothermal method with those obtained by mechanosynthesis it was concluded that the adsorption capacity is influenced by crystallinity and amount of the phase ZSM-12. The results showed from adsorption, in general, ZM48-75 samples, ZM41 A/MH R3 and ZM41-50 showed higher adsorption capacity than pure zeolitic and mesoporous materials, respectively. Thus, the composite materials of the type ZSM-12/ZSM-41 and MCM-12/MCM-48 are promising adsorbents for CO2 separation. / O aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera é apontado como o principal fator responsável pelas mudanças climáticas em escala mundial. Nos últimos anos, várias pesquisas têm por finalidade o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e tecnologias para captura e separação de CO2. A utilização do método de adsorção para separação de CO2 é uma alternativa promissora, tendo em vista o potencial para reduzir os custos energéticos, eliminando soluções aquosas e proporcionando captura e taxa de regeneração adequadas. Nesse contexto, neste trabalho apresenta-se a síntese de materiais compósitos do tipo ZSM-12/MCM-41 e ZSM-12/MCM-48, visando combinar as propriedades do material zeolítico com as vantagens estruturais dos materiais mesoporosos, resultando na obtenção de materiais com elevadas capacidades de adsorção de CO2. Para isto, os materiais foram sintetizados pelo método hidrotérmico e por mecanosíntese. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho, análise térmica, analise de adsorção-desorção de N2 A 77 K, MEV e TEM. A capacidade de adsorção de CO2 destes materiais foi investigadas através da análise gravimétrica. As técnicas de caracterização mostraram que a metodologia de síntese adotada via dessilicalização da fase ZSM-12 foi satisfatória na obtenção de um material compósito com as fases micro e mesoporosas integradas. Por outro lado, os resultados evidenciaram que através da mecanosíntese foi possível obter materiais formados pela mistura entre as fases micro e mesoporosas. Além disso, comparando-se os resultados de adsorção de CO2 dos materiais compósitos obtidos via método hidrotérmico com os obtidos via mecanosíntese foi possível concluir que a capacidade de adsorção é influenciada pela cristalinidade ou teor da fase ZSM-12. Considerando-se os resultados de adsorção apresentados, de maneira geral, as amostras ZM48-75, ZM41-A/R3-MH e ZM41-50, apresentaram maior capacidade de adsorção que os materiais zeolíticos e mesoporosos puros, respectivamente. Sendo assim, os materiais compósitos do tipo ZSM-12/MCM-41e ZSM-12/MCM-48 são promissores adsorventes para separação de CO2.

The GINS complex (a heterotetramer of Sld5, Psf1, Psf2 and Psf3) is a highly conserved DNA replication factor required for the initiation and elongation of DNA replication. GINS is believed to associate with Cdc45 and MCM proteins on replicating DNA. The interaction between GINS and MCM is also conserved in archaea. In my thesis, I explore the subcellular localisation of the GINS complex in relation to the MCM proteins and sites of DNA replication by high-resolution confocal microscopy. For these studies, I generated and carefully validated purified rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies; these show a specific staining pattern by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. At high-resolution, all GINS antibodies produced a focal nuclear pattern, similar to that seen for the MCMs. However, confusingly, colocalisation between GINS and MCMs and between the GINS subunits themselves is poor. Investigations are continuing to understand this conundrum. Given the value of MCM proteins as specific and sensitive markers for cancer screening, I investigated whether GINS subunits also have potential diagnostic value. Sld5 and Psf3 expression is restricted to the proliferative compartment in normal tissue, but is found in the majority of cells in a wide range of dysplastic and malignant tissues, including cervix, colon and bladder. In vitro studies of tissue culture cells and cell lysates incubated in urine suggest that Sld5 protein is more stable than Mcm2 in harsh extracellular environments. In an ongoing pilot clinical study of Sld5 protein as a potential biomarker, Sld5 is readily and specifically detectable in the cellular fraction of the samples from prostate and bladder cancer patients. Work is ongoing to evaluate Sld5 protein levels in the supernatant portion of those same urine samples as an easy-to-screen diagnostic/prognostic marker for male urogenital cancers. Owing to their stability, GINS proteins hold promise as independent or complementary markers to the MCM proteins for cancer screening in harsh extracellular environments such as urine.

The removal of trace amounts of acetylene in ethylene streams is a high-volume industrial process that must possess high selectivity of alkyne hydrogenation over hydrogenation of alkenes. Current technology uses metallic nanoparticles, typically palladium or platinum, for acetylene removal. However, problems arise due to the deactivation of the catalysts at high temperatures as well as low selectivities at high conversions. Pore expanded MCM-41 is synthesized via a two-step strategy in which MCM-41 was prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) followed by the hydrothermal treatment with N,N-dimethyldecylamine (DMDA). This material was washed with ethanol to remove DMDA, or calcined to remove both surfactants. PE-MCM-41 based materials were impregnated with palladium, gold, and palladium-gold nanoparticles. The removal of DMDA had an effect on both the conversion and selectivity, in which they were found to drop significantly. However, by using the bimetallic PdAu catalysts, higher selectivity could be achieved due to increased electron density.

This diploma thesis focuses on G.fast and VDSL2 technologies and their comparison. G.fast has the prerequisites for replacing VDSL2 for short distances. This work describes in detail the modulation techniques of both DSL technologies - DMT modulation used by both technologies. The aim of this work is to create a software for comparing the transfer rates of all profiles of both technologies, including the effects of far-end crosstalk. This is performed in the Matlab environment. This work describes how the program works and how to run the simulations. The results of selected simulations and their charts are enclosed in this work.