Bakgrund: Att vänta är en del av livet och även en oundviklig del av patienters upplevelse av slutenvård. Patienter väntar på provresultat och undersökningar, på läkarsamtal och omvårdnad. Att beskriva väntans innebörd för patienter i slutenvård ger sjuksköterskan ökad förståelse för patientens vårdupplevelse och insikt i hur omvårdnadshandlingar kan påverka patientens väntetid. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva väntans innebörd för patienter i slutenvård. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv innehållsanalys och litteratursökning gjordes i vårdvetenskapliga databaser. Resultat: Elva vetenskapliga artiklar låg till grund för resultatet. Resultatet visade att väntan innebar en känsla av overksamhet, ett behov av trygghet, en känsla av maktlöshet, ett behov av sociala relationer och en förhoppning om bättring. Slutsats:Väntan innebär en särskild utsatthet för patienter i slutenvård och skapar ett behov av trygghet och sociala relationer. Särskilt viktigt är att patienten delges adekvat information och att patienten ges möjlighet till en meningsfull och hoppfull väntetid. Fortsatt forskning fordras på väntans innebörd för patienter inom psykiatrin samt väntans innebörd för patientens närstående. Inom sjuksköterskeutbildningen krävs en större fördjupning i informatik för att ge sjuksköterskestudenter bättre kommunikativa verktyg för att tillgodose patienters behov av information under väntan. / Background: Waiting is a part of life and also an inevitable part of every inpatient’s experience of hospital care. Patients wait for test results and examinations, on medical consultation and nursing. Describing the significance of waiting, from the inpatient’s perspective, gives the nurse a better understanding of the inpatient’s care experience and insight into how nursing can affect the inpatient’s waiting time. Aim: The purpose was to describe the meaning of waiting from the hospitalized patient ́s perspective. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study with inductive content analysis. The search for scientific articles was done in health science databases. Result: Eleven scientific articles formed the basis for the result. The result showed that the wait meant a sense of inactivity, a need for security, a feeling of powerlessness, a need for social relations and a hope of improvement. Conclusion: The waiting involves a particular vulnerability for hospitalized patients and creates a need for security and social relations. It is of importance that the patient is given adequate information and that the patient is given the opportunity to experience a meaningful and hopeful waiting time. Further research is required on the patient’s experience of waiting when in psychiatric care and the experience of waiting from the perspective of the patient’s significant other. Nursing education should provide better training in informatics so that nursing students are better equipped with communicative tools and can meet the patient’s need for information during the waiting time.

This diploma thesis focuses on language cliché in contemporary TV news. The aim of the theoretical part is to define the term cliché, specify its key features and describe language of the TV news. The analytical part focuses on finding and describing language clichés in the analysed material, which consists of TV news texts from three different Czech TV stations. The analysed material is restricted on preselected period of time. The chosen material is acquired from Newton Media archive, and the descriptions of particular clichés are accompanied by frequency and collocation data from language corpus SYN2015. The core of this diploma thesis is systematic definition of the term cliché and the linguistic analysis of particular clichés that can be found in contemporary TV news.

The aim of this research entitled Narrative Strategies in Selected Amharic Novels from 2000 until 2010 was to shed light on the relationship among form, meaning (content) and social milieuin establishing the textual and contextual features of fictional narratives. It mainly contends that it is possible to unravel the textual and contextual qualities of fictional narratives by studying form as a narrative strategy. In this research, form, when understood as a narrative strategy, is not only considered as a textual construct which motivates textual meaning but also regarded as a product of the social milieu from which the text emerges. Having this conception, form as a narrative strategy is investigated in selected Amharic novels published from 2000 until 2010 in view of expounding the artistic and thematic features of contemporary Amharic novels, endeavouring to fill the knowledge gap in Amharic literary scholarship about their literary features. The present research applies narratological approaches that range from classical to post-classical narratology. However, it dominantly uses post-classical conceptions of narratology as guidelines for its discussion. The dissertation comprises six chapters. The first one is an introductory chapter in which the research problems, goals and assumptions are explicated. Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework where the theoretical insight the research utilizes as a guideline is outlined and methodological issues are specified. The following three chapters focus on the analysis. In the third chapter, story is investigated as a narrative strategy in Yeburqa Zemeta (Burka’s Silence) (2000); in the fourth one, focalization is treated as a narrative strategy in Gerač.a Qač.eloč (Grey Bells) (2005), and in the fifth chapter, characterization is studied as a narrative strategy in Dèrtogada (Dertogada) (2010). The dissertation concludes with a chapter in which independent findings in the three analysis chapters are summed up and generalizations on the textual and contextual features of the present day Amharic novels are made. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Theory of Literature)

The aim of this research entitled Narrative Strategies in Selected Amharic Novels from 2000 until 2010 was to shed light on the relationship among form, meaning (content) and social milieuin establishing the textual and contextual features of fictional narratives. It mainly contends that it is possible to unravel the textual and contextual qualities of fictional narratives by studying form as a narrative strategy. In this research, form, when understood as a narrative strategy, is not only considered as a textual construct which motivates textual meaning but also regarded as a product of the social milieu from which the text emerges. Having this conception, form as a narrative strategy is investigated in selected Amharic novels published from 2000 until 2010 in view of expounding the artistic and thematic features of contemporary Amharic novels, endeavouring to fill the knowledge gap in Amharic literary scholarship about their literary features. The present research applies narratological approaches that range from classical to post-classical narratology. However, it dominantly uses post-classical conceptions of narratology as guidelines for its discussion. The dissertation comprises six chapters. The first one is an introductory chapter in which the research problems, goals and assumptions are explicated. Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework where the theoretical insight the research utilizes as a guideline is outlined and methodological issues are specified. The following three chapters focus on the analysis. In the third chapter, story is investigated as a narrative strategy in Yeburqa Zemeta (Burka’s Silence) (2000); in the fourth one, focalization is treated as a narrative strategy in Gerač.a Qač.eloč (Grey Bells) (2005), and in the fifth chapter, characterization is studied as a narrative strategy in Dèrtogada (Dertogada) (2010). The dissertation concludes with a chapter in which independent findings in the three analysis chapters are summed up and generalizations on the textual and contextual features of the present day Amharic novels are made. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Theory of Literature)