Spelling suggestions: "subject:"mean industry"" "subject:"meet industry""
111 |
Zur Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien und staatengerichteten EG-Entscheidungen in deutsches Recht : und Überprüfung der Umsetzung der Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG /Tuengerthal, Hansjürgen. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Potsdam, 2002.
|
112 |
Die rol van waardetoevoeging in die produksie, verwerking en verspreiding van rooivleis in die LangebergCloete, Johanna Cecilia 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates, primarily, value adding in the red meat value chain, and secondary, the scope of red meat consumption in the Langeberg on a formal level. The value chain is proposed as a value system, since the latter dispose of feedback capacity. This ability of a system means that the elements identified can change and influence each other, unlike a value chain, where information is traditionally sent linearly. Vanaf a systems approach, the production, processing and distribution of red meat are investigated by means of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of data. Critical points of change are identified to improve resource use within the value chain in order to decrease the price of meat.
Changes in the red meat industry over the past 80 years had a distinct influence on the current structure of the red meat value chain. It is therefore necessary to understand the history in order to predict the future. Vanaf this viewpoint the Red Meat Scheme is discussed, as well as the typical structure of the value chain, which serves as a benchmark for the analysis to follow. Red meat refers to beef, sheep/lamb and pork.
The analysis of data is done using Interactive Qualitative Analysis© and descriptive statistics. Open and close ended questions are included in questionnaires for the interviews. Respondents included are role players in the Langeberg red meat industry which are situated in the area as well as those who are directly involved, but not situated in the area. Role players in the Langeberg include producers, feedlots, agents, abattoirs, supermarkets and butcheries, while wholesalers vanaf outside who are involved in the area, are also contacted.
Some interesting finding vanaf the quantitative analysis include 1) supermarkets and butcheries in the Langeberg differ, on average, only 29c/kg on a selection of meat cuts, 2) labour is the single largest expense for the majority of respondents, and 3) the per capita consumption of red meat in the area is considerably lower that the national norm: 15.78kg versus 25.39kg. If is apparent that the role of the informal market cannot be ignored and questions arise about the validity of the national norm.
After analysing around 700 data cards the Red Meat Value System of the Langeberg were constructed. The most important characteristics of the system are that government regulations and supermarket standards seems to be the largest driver of change within the system, while price is the biggest receiver of influence (and therefore the largest “variable”). Recommendation that are supported by the analysis: Increase in genetic material of weaned animals leads to better quality meat; Direct supply by abattoirs to retailers increase both parties‟ ability to add value; Vertical integration in the value chain can increase the viability of enterprises; Availability of meat of different grading on retail level can increase the quality of carcasses within a given grading level; The regressive nature of VAT can decrease with the abolition of VAT on lower graded carcasses, while total abolition will benefit both the industry and consumers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek primêr die waardetoevoeging in die rooivleis waardeketting en sekondêr die omvang van verbruik in die Langeberg op 'n formele vlak. Die waardeketting word voorgestel as 'n waardestelsel, aangesien laasgenoemde oor wederkerende/terugvoer kapasiteit beskik. Hierdie vermoë van 'n stelsel beteken dat die elemente wat geïdentifiseer word mekaar kan verander en beïnvloed, terwyl 'n waardeketting, tradisioneel, inligting slegs lineêre aanstuur. Vanuit 'n stelselsbenadering word die produksie, verwerking en verspreiding van rooivleis ondersoek, deur gebruik te maak van beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe ontledings van data. Kritiese punte van verandering word geïdentifiseer om hulpbronne in die waardeketting beter te benut en sodoende vleis goedkoper aan die verbruiker beskikbaar te stel.
Oor die afgelope 80 jaar het veranderinge in die rooivleisbedryf bepaald 'n invloed gehad op die huidige struktuur van die rooivleis waardeketting. Dit is dus nodig om die geskiedenis te verstaan om die toekoms te voorspel. Met hierdie uitgangspunt is die Rooivleisskema bespreek asook die tipiese struktuur van die waardeketting, as maatstaf vir die ontleding van data wat volg. Rooivleis verwys na bees-, skaap- en varkvleis.
Die ontleding van data is gedoen m.b.v. Interactive Qualitative Analysis© en beskrywende statistiek. Vraelyste met ope en geslote vrae is gebruik tydens onderhoude. Respondente wat ingesluit is, is rolspelers in die bedryf in die Langeberg wat binne die area gesetel is, sowel as diegene wat direk betrokke is, maar nie in die area gesetel is nie. Rolspelers in die Langeberg sluit in produsente, voerkrale, agente, abattoirs, supermarkte en slaghuise, terwyl groothandelaars van buite die area wat in die area betrokke is, ook genader is.
Verskeie interessanthede is gevind met die kwantitatiewe data ontleding; onder andere dat 1) supermarkte en slaghuise in die Langeberg, vir 'n mandjie van vleissnitte, met gemiddeld slegs 29c/kg verskil, 2) arbeid die grootste enkele uitgawe is vir die meerderheid van respondente en 3) die per kapita verbruik van rooivleis in die area heelwat laer is as wat die nasionale norm is, naamlik 15.78kg teenoor 25.39kg. Dit is dus duidelik dat die rol van die informele mark nie geïgnoreer kan word nie en vrae ontstaan oor die geldigheid van die nasionale norm.
Na 'n ontleding van ongeveer 700 data kaarte is die Rooivleis-waardestelsel vir die Langeberg gekonstrueer. Die belangrikste kenmerke van die stelsel is dat dit wil voorkom asof regering regulasies en kettingwinkel standaarde die grootste drywer van verandering in die stelsel is, terwyl prys die grootste ontvanger van invloed (en dus die grootste “veranderlike”) is.
Aanbevelings wat deur die ontleding ondersteun word: Verbetering in die genetiese materiaal van gespeende diere lei tot beter kwaliteit vleis; Direkte verskaffing deur abattoirs aan kleinhandelaars verbeter beide partye se vermoë om waarde toe te voeg; Vertikale integrasie in die waardeketting die lewensvatbaarheid van ondernemings kan verhoog; Beskikbaarstelling van verskillende graderings vleis op kleinhandelvlak die kwaliteit van die karkasse binne 'n gegewe graderingsvlak kan verbeter; Die regressiewe aard van BTW kan verminder word deur die afskaffing van BTW op laer gradering karkasse, alhoewel totale afskaffing tot groter voordeel van die bedryf en verbruikers sal wees.
|
113 |
Informal red meat marketing : a case study in the Western Cape townshipsKaraan, Abolus Salam Mohammad 08 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1993. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Informal red meat trade was investigated as it occurs in the townships of
the Cape Town metropole. To achieve this, an interactive research
approach was followed, initially involving months of observation before
scientific and empirical analysis was conducted.
The informal marketing activities were described and analysed with the
purpose of establishing its strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats. Criteria of efficiency and effectiveness were constantly
employed. ln this regard, the prevailing system was tested against
consumer needs and preferences. A large degree of consistency was
found between the nature of supply by the informal sector and the nature
of demand from its target consumer base. On this basis, it was deduced
that the informal red meat marketing system has the potential to further
contribute to development and township food security.
The informal marketing system, how~ver, operates under specific
constraints. These were identified and subsequently recommendations
were made to alleviate these constraints, in order to maximise the
contribution of informal red meat trade to local development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die informele bemarking van rooivleis, soos dit in die stadswyke
(townships) van die Kaapstadse metropolis voorkom, is ondersoek. Deur
middel van 'n interaktiewe navorsingsbenadering is daar aanvanklik
maande lank net waargeneem voordat 'n wetenskaplike en empiriese
analise gedoen kon word.
Die werksaamhede van die informele rooivleismark is omskryf en
ontleed met die oog op vasstelling van die sterk punte en swakhede,
geleenthede en bedreigings van die bedryf. Kriteria van doeltreffendheid
en effektiwiteit is deurgaans aangewend. In hierdie opsig is die huidige
stelsel getoets aan verbruikersbehoeftes en voorkeure. Die wyse van
aanbieding van die informele sektor het in 'n ruim mate ooreengestem
met die aanvraag van die teikenverbruiker. Op grond hiervan word
afgelei dat die stelsel van informele bemarking van rooivleis die
potensiaal het om nog 'n groter bydrae te lewer tot die ontwikkeling van
voedselsekuriteit in die 'townships'.
Sekere faktore werk egter beperkend m op die informele
bemarkingstelsel. Hierdie faktore is gei'dentifiseer en aanbevelings is
gemaak ter opheffing van die beperkinge om sodoende die stelsel se
bydrae tot plaaslike ontwikkeling·te maksimeer.
|
114 |
Studies on the hatching, growth and energy metabolism of ostrich chicks : Struthio Camelus var. DomesticusSwart, Derick 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD(Agric) Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 1988. / Farming with ostriches became established as a new stock-farming activity in South Africa around 1863. Ostrich feathers were then the only commercial product of that activity and fifty years later still held fourth place on the list of exports from South Africa - after gold, diamonds and wool (Smit, 1963). However during the world depression of 1914 - 1945 the appeal of ostrich feathers vanished and the industry collapsed.
Today commercial farming with domesticated ostriches (Struthi0 camelus var. domesticus), originating from a cross (Duerden, 1910; Smit, 1963, 1984) between the South African (Struthio camelus australis) and the North African ostriches (Struthio camelus camel us), is again a rapidly expanding activity in South Africa's Little Karoo. This is the only region in the world where farming with ostriches is still encountered at a commercial scale, and although relatively small in the general stock-farming scenario, it provides a livelihood for about 400 farmers who run some 150 000 ostriches. Feathers, together with ostrich leather and meat are all prominent export products that account for foreign exchange earnings of more than R30 million.
In terms of monetary value the ostrich industry has grown by more than 300% over the past decade and by al most 100% in the 1ast 5 years. This high growth rate is primarily due to the steady development of the slaughter bird industry in which leather, meat and feathers account for more than 80% of the entire industry's turnover. Ostrich products, however, are primarily exclusive fashion products, of which more than 90% is exported. Because the world market is relatively small, expansion prospects for the industry are limited and sensitive to supply and demand.
To ensure the industry's continued economic well-being, ostrich research pays particular attention to production techniques that will help to improve efficiency and result in better product quality and profitability.
For the purpose of increased ostrich chick production, ostrich eggs are presently being incubated in large quantities (ca 200 000 eggs per annum). However, hatching success of ostrich eggs in incubators is considerably below that of natural nests, and Burger & Bertram (1981) suggested that it may be due to high humidities (63% relative humidity) commonly used in ostrich incubators.
Investigations were undertaken to measure incubation temperatures and humidities during the complete course of 41 days of natural incubation in 6 ostrich nests. In addition, the water vapor conductance of the eggs was measured, as well as the incubation water loss which in other species averages 15% of the initial egg mass and has been proposed as an optimal condition for hatching success (Ar & Rahn, 1978; Rahn 1984).
The natural incubation parameters measured during these experiments were adapted and applied to conditions of artificial incubation. This improved the realized hatchability from 50 to 75%.
Furthermore the intensive production and finishing of slaughter birds on complete dry meal diets under feedlot conditions is a new development which contains exceptional possibilities for the industry (Swart & Kemm, 1985). Economically and biologically, efficient diet formulation has accordingly become essential for profitable slaughter bird production. The nutritional value of feed constituents for ostriches is, however, still unknown and without it effective least cost diet formulation and programming is not possible. Present growth and finishing diets for ostriches are based on energy values of the dietary components which have been derived from poultry (Blair, Daghir, Morimoto, Peter & Taylor, 1983; Du Preez, Duckitt & Paulse, 1986) and pig values (Kemm & Ras, 1981; NRC, 1973; IAFMM, 1985). This approach may, however, result in unreal estimation of the actual nutritional value of feed constituents for ostriches, so that quantification of their nutritional value has consequently become necessary.
During 1985 a multi-disciplinary research programme on ostriches was initiated, the objective being to investigate the energy metabolism and the efficiency of energy utilization in growing farm ostriches. For the purpose of these experiments all ostrich chicks were incubated in an ostrich egg incubator, maintained at a dry bulb temperature of 36°C and a wet bulb temperature of 24,0 ± 1,0°C. These temperature settings were extrapolated from the natural incubation parameters measured in the six naturally incubated nests (Swart, Rahn & De Kock, 1987; Swart & Rahn, 1987).
An important aspect of the studies on energy metabolism was to determine the extent to which plant fibre is digested in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract of growing ostriches and whether these birds utilize the end products of fibre digestion, namely volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, efficiently.
The possible use of metabolizable energy to evaluate feedstuffs for ostriches was an initial aim of this study. Subsequently the effect of crude fibre or energy concentration on the digestibility of gross energy, energy loss as methane, heat expenditure, and the effect on the efficiency of ME utilization were investigated. Finally accretion patterns and the partition of metabolizable energy during growth were studied in the young ostrich chick.
The findings of the studies on incubation aspects (Section 1) are presented in Chapter 2 and 3 and that of the metabolism studies (Section 2) are presented in Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this dissertation.
|
115 |
A internacionalização das empresas brasileiras: o BNDES e o incentivo aos grupos JBS e MARFRIG / The internationalization of brazilian companies: BNDES and the incentive to JBS and MARFRIG groupsOliveira, Alessandro Francisco Trindade de 20 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao_Alessandro_Oliveira.pdf: 2368243 bytes, checksum: d997bc9cd7960c4c255bffe22e718e4b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the 2000s we observed that Brazilian investments abroad had a substantial increase in relation to other periods, and happen by several reasons that allowed a favorable condition both internally and externally. The Geograph in its genesis is concerned to analyze some of the spaces transformation factors, so our concern was also focused on the discussion of how Brazilian companies established abroad would be part of a change in the economic o and political order in the period. Seeking to preliminary information respecting national companies investing abroad, we find that the meat industry was highlighted with two large multinationals in the industry: JBS and Marfrig Group. From this we understand what strategies these groups looking for international expansion. We found that in addition to entrepreneurship, both had broad access to public funding from the BNDES and internal and external conditions favorable. Thus we see that the formation of large Brazilian multinationals is still an ongoing process, but already
represents a small change to the national business dynamics, acting similarly to other countries, especially when we analyze the current processes in other emerging and developed nations. / Nos anos 2000 observamos que os Investimentos Brasileiros no Exterior tiveram um aumento substancial em relação à outros períodos, e isso se deu por vários motivos que permitiram uma condição favorável tanto internamente quanto externamente. A
Geografia desde sua gênese tem a preocupação de analisar alguns fatores de transformação dos espaços, logo, nossa preocupação também está centrada na discussão de como as empresas brasileiras instaladas no exterior fariam parte de uma alteração da ordem econômica e política vigente no período. Buscando informações preliminares à respeito das empresas nacionais que investem no exterior, verificamos que o setor
frigorífico tinha destaque com duas grandes multinacionais no ramo: o grupo JBS e o Marfrig. A partir disso buscamos compreender quais estratégias esses grupos buscavam para a expansão internacional. Verificamos que além da capacidade empreendedora, ambos tiveram amplo acesso à financiamentos públicos, junto ao BNDES e condições internas e externas favoráveis. Assim percebemos que a formação de grandes multinacionais brasileiras ainda é um processo em curso, mas que já representa uma pequena alteração em relação à dinâmica empresarial nacional, atuando de forma semelhante à outros países, principalmente quando analisamos os processos correntes nas demais nações emergentes e desenvolvidas.
|
116 |
Moving from meat : vegetarianism, beliefs and information sourcesLea, Emma J. January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). A random population survey and a survey of vegetarians were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured.
|
117 |
Moving from meat: vegetarianism, beliefs and information sourcesLea, Emma J. January 2001 (has links)
A random population survey (n=601) and a survey of vegetarians (n=106) were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured via a written questionnaire. There were differences in the responses of vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and non-vegetarians. For example, vegetarians were more likely than non-vegetarians to use and trust unorthodox information sources and to hold universal values (e.g. 'equality'). The factors associated with meat consumption and four sets of health-related beliefs about meat and vegetarianism (Meat is Necessary, Vegetarianism Health Concerns and Appreciates Meat, Meat is Unhealthy, Health Benefits of Vegetarianism) were examined. Other (health and non-health) beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism were the most important factors overall to be associated with these beliefs and with meat consumption. Information sources were also associated (particularly orthodox, unorthodox, mass media, advertising, and social sources). Together, these results provided insight into how consumption of meat and plant foods might be influenced. Finally, the proportion of prospective vegetarians was gauged. Approximately 15% of non-vegetarians were found to hold similar beliefs about vegetarianism as vegetarians. Prospective vegetarians were distinct from vegetarians and the remaining omnivores. For example, they were less likely than the remaining omnivores to eat red meat as frequently or to be Anglo-Australian. The research suggested that a significant portion of the population is interested in vegetarian diets, but that certain barriers need to be overcome if this is to increase and lead to dietary change; in particular, the beliefs that vegetarian diets are nutritionally inadequate and that meat is essential for health. Tailored communications about how to prepare healthy, tasty vegetarian meals may also be useful. The results indicated the sources of food/nutrition/health information that may be most appropriate to disseminate such messages. Additionally, it was found that ethical (e.g. environmental, animal welfare) issues were linked to health and dietary behaviour. They may need to be more fully addressed by health professionals if the public is to obtain maximum benefit from plant-based diets, with minimum risk. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Public Health, 2001.
|
118 |
Investigation into selected parameters required to develop a sustainable Namibian game meat industryVan Schalkwyk, Diana Louisa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Food Sc))--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wildlife industry in Namibia has shown tremendous growth over the past
decades and is currently the only extensive production system in Namibia that is
expanding. Harvesting game for the purpose of meat production is a viable option
since there is a worldwide demand for healthy and high quality proteins.
The main objective of the dissertation was to investigate selected parameters
required to develop a sustainable Namibian game meat industry. The major species
suitable for commercial harvesting operations are springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis
– Zimmerman, 1780), gemsbok (Oryx gazella – Linnaeus, 1785), kudu (Tragelaphus
strepsiceros – Pallas, 1766), mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae – Linnaeus,
1758) and red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama – Pallas, 1766). Eland
(Tragelaphus oryx – Pallas, 1766) could be considered as a suitable species,
although the numbers of animals that can be harvested during an operation are
limited.
This study demonstrated that gender influenced live weight of springbok, kudu
and red hartebeest. Gender also influenced carcass weights for springbok,
gemsbok, kudu and red hartebeest, but not for eland, while dressing percentage did
not differ between gender for springbok, gemsbok, kudu and red hartebeest.
Although there were some statistical differences in the chemical composition
of the various muscles from the different species (Mm. biceps femoris, infraspinatus,
longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, semitendinosus and supraspinatus), it is
doubtful whether consumers would be able to distinguish between these.
Discriminant analysis could not differentiate among the different muscle
groups for springbok and gemsbok. A differentiation was, however, revealed among
the various muscles for red hartebeest.
During the investigation on the influence of season and gender on the carcass
yields and meat quality characteristics of kudu and red hartebeest, dressing
percentage was affected by season, but not by gender. Muscle colour differed
significantly between seasons.
Results from this study showed that male eland contained more saturated
fatty acids than females, but no gender differences were observed for polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Hides of gemsbok, kudu and red hartebeest contributed 6 – 7% of live weight,
while the skin of springbok contributed 4 – 5% of live weight. Comparisons of offal
items among species showed significant differences for all offal items, except for
intestines.
Retail cuts showed significant species difference for rump, topside, silverside
and sinews. No significant species differences were observed for thick flank and
bolo. Significant gender differences were observed for silverside. No interactions
between species and gender were found for the different retail cuts from gemsbok
and kudu.
Microbiological counts of game meat, chilled for 6 weeks and frozen for 12
months, respectively, were found to be within acceptable limits as prescribed by the
South African retail market.
Differences in physico-chemical and microbiological properties were observed
among salami from different game species. The springbok salami was found to be
microbiologically unstable. The main characteristics observed while tasting the
salami from springbok, gemsbok, kudu and zebra were a distinctive smoky, salty,
pepper and salami flavour combined with a smoky, salami aroma. Game flavour did
not feature as strong during the sensory analyses.
Sustainable utilization of game for commercial meat production has the
potential to increase earnings to beneficiaries in the wildlife sector. Results from this
study contributed knowledge which can be utilized to develop the Namibian game
meat industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wildsbedryf in Namibië het die afgelope dekades buitengewone groei getoon en
is huidiglik die enigste ekstensiewe produksie-sisteem wat in Namibië uitbrei. Die
oes van wild is ʼn voordelige opsie, aangesien daar wêreldwyd ʼn aanvraag is na
gesonde en hoë kwaliteit proteïene.
Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie dissertasie was die loods van ʼn ondersoek na
geselekteerde aspekte wat benodig word om die Namibiese wildsvleisbedryf te
ontwikkel. Die belangrikste spesies geïdentifiseer as geskik vir kommersiële oes, is
springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis – Zimmerman, 1780), gemsbok (Oryx gazella –
Linnaeus, 1785), koedoe (Tragelaphus strepsiceros – Pallas, 1766), berg sebra
(Equus zebra hartmannae – Linnaeus, 1758) en rooihartbees (Alcelaphus
buselaphus caama – Pallas, 1766). Eland (Tragelaphus oryx – Pallas, 1766) is ook
ʼn geskikte spesies, maar die hoeveelhede wat op een slag geoes kan word, is
beperk.
Hierdie studie het gedemonstreer dat geslag ʼn invloed op die lewendige
gewig van springbok, koedoe en rooihartbees het. Geslag het ook ʼn invloed gehad
op karkasgewigte van springbok, gemsbok, koedoe en rooihartbees, maar geen
invloed op die karkasgewig van eland nie, terwyl uitslagpersentasie geensins
geslagsverskille getoon het vir springbok, gemsbok, koedoe of rooihartbees nie.
Nieteenstaande statistiese verskille in die chemiese samestelling van die
verskillende spiere van die onderskeie spesies (Mm. biceps femoris, infraspinatus,
longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, semitendinosus en supraspinatus), is dit te
betwyfel of verbruikers ʼn onderskeid sal kan tref tussen die spiere.
Diskriminant-analise kon nie verskille uitwys tussen die verskillende groepe
spiere van springbok en gemsbok nie. Verskille was egter te bespeur tussen
verskillende spiere van die rooihartbees.
Gedurende hierdie ondersoek is die invloed van seisoen en geslag op die
karkasopbrengs en vleiskwaliteit van koedoe en rooihartbees ondersoek.
Uitslagpersentasie is beïnvloed deur seisoen, maar nie deur geslag nie. Kleur het
betekenisvol verskil tussen seisoene.
Resultate van die studie het getoon dat elandbulle meer versadigde vetsure
het as koeie, maar dat geen verskille vir geslag gevind is vir poli-onversadigde
vetsure nie. Gemsbok-, koedoe - en rooihartbeesvelle het 6 – 7% bygedra tot die
lewendige gewig, terwyl die vel van die springbok 4 – 5% bygedra het. Vergelykings
van afvalopbrengs tussen spesies het verskille uitgewys ten opsigte van al die items,
behalwe die ingewande.
Kleinhandelsnitte het betekenisvolle verskille getoon vir die kruis, binneboud,
dy en senings. Geen betekenisvolle spesies verskille is opgemerk vir die diklies en
bolo nie. Die dy het betekenisvolle verskille tussen geslagte getoon. Geen
interaksie tussen spesies en geslag is opgemerk vir die verskillende
kleinhandelsnitte van gemsbok en koedoe nie.
Mikrobiologiese tellings vir wildsvleis, verkoel vir 6 weke en gevries vir 12
maande, onderskeidelik, het voldoen aan die aanvaarbare vlakke soos voorgeskryf
deur die Suid-Afrikaanse kleinhandelsmark.
Verskille in fisiese, chemiese en mikrobiologiese kwaliteite was opgemerk vir
die salami van die verskillende spesies. Springbok salami was mikrobiologies
onstabiel. Die belangrikste karaktereienskappe bemerk tydens die proe van die
salami vervaardig van springbok-, gemsbok- , koedoe - en sebravleis, was ʼn
oorheersende rook-, sout-, peper- en salamigeur, gekombineer met ʼn rook- en
salami aroma. Wildsvleisgeur het nie sterk na vore gekom tydens die sensoriese
analise, nie.
Die volhoubare gebruik van wild vir kommersiële vleisproduksie het die
potensiaal om inkomste vir belangegroepe in die wildsektor te verhoog. Resultate
van hierdie studie het kennis uitgebrei wat gebruik kan word om die
wildsvleisindustrie in Namibië te ontwikkel.
|
119 |
Moving from meat: vegetarianism, beliefs and information sourcesLea, Emma J. January 2001 (has links)
A random population survey (n=601) and a survey of vegetarians (n=106) were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured via a written questionnaire. There were differences in the responses of vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and non-vegetarians. For example, vegetarians were more likely than non-vegetarians to use and trust unorthodox information sources and to hold universal values (e.g. 'equality'). The factors associated with meat consumption and four sets of health-related beliefs about meat and vegetarianism (Meat is Necessary, Vegetarianism Health Concerns and Appreciates Meat, Meat is Unhealthy, Health Benefits of Vegetarianism) were examined. Other (health and non-health) beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism were the most important factors overall to be associated with these beliefs and with meat consumption. Information sources were also associated (particularly orthodox, unorthodox, mass media, advertising, and social sources). Together, these results provided insight into how consumption of meat and plant foods might be influenced. Finally, the proportion of prospective vegetarians was gauged. Approximately 15% of non-vegetarians were found to hold similar beliefs about vegetarianism as vegetarians. Prospective vegetarians were distinct from vegetarians and the remaining omnivores. For example, they were less likely than the remaining omnivores to eat red meat as frequently or to be Anglo-Australian. The research suggested that a significant portion of the population is interested in vegetarian diets, but that certain barriers need to be overcome if this is to increase and lead to dietary change; in particular, the beliefs that vegetarian diets are nutritionally inadequate and that meat is essential for health. Tailored communications about how to prepare healthy, tasty vegetarian meals may also be useful. The results indicated the sources of food/nutrition/health information that may be most appropriate to disseminate such messages. Additionally, it was found that ethical (e.g. environmental, animal welfare) issues were linked to health and dietary behaviour. They may need to be more fully addressed by health professionals if the public is to obtain maximum benefit from plant-based diets, with minimum risk. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Public Health, 2001.
|
120 |
The quality attributes of South African rabbit meat and consumer attitudes towards itNkhabutlane, Pulane 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Meat processing industries in South Africa are faced with the challenge to produce a variety of white
meats. This is due to the fact that consumers tend to consume less red meat and more chicken and
pork that are perceived to be healthier due to the negative publicity surrounding red meat and health.
The nutritional emphasis is on leaner carcasses and an increase in the consumption of
polyunsaturated fatty acids while reducing the ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fats in the diet. Another
way in which this can be achieved is through introducing rabbit meat which has low fat, low cholesterol
content and high protein content, while displaying a positive fatty acid profile. Carcass quality and
meat quality in rabbits may to a large extent be affected by age of slaughter and type of breed.
This study had a dual purpose. Firstly it aimed at quantifying the effects of breed and age on
parameters pertaining to carcass quality and meat quality of commercial rabbits, namely California
breed and hybrid (California x Dutch red). Secondly, to determine the differences between ethnic
groups on their perceptions towards rabbit meat, thereby providing information on its marketing
potential.
To accomplish the first objective 50 rabbits from the two breeds were housed in individual cages,
weighed on weekly basis and fed ad libitum. The rabbits were slaughtered at 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17
weeks of age (n=5 from each breed). For the second objective the perceptions of three ethnic groups
on factors affecting consumers' choice of rabbit meat were determined through a structured
questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested for validity beforehand.
There was no significant difference between the two breeds regarding body weight, feed intake,
carcass weight and drip loss. The California breed had a higher dressing percentage (53.7%) and
meat yield (29.2%) compared to the hybrid (52.5% and 27.5% respectively). Age treatments showed a
highly significant difference on all parameters investigated. Increasing the age proportionately
increased the amount of fat, while the moisture content decreased. The California breed exhibited
higher percentages of fat compared to the hybrid at all ages of treatment. California breed contained
more phosphorus, magnesium and zinc as opposed to the hybrid, the only exception being copper,
where the hybrid had higher concentrations.
The total fatty acid (169.2 mg/100 g) of the California breed was higher than that of the hybrid (133.5
mg/100 g). As a result there were more saturated fatty acids (55.4 mg/100 g) and monounsaturated
fatty acids (62.3 mg/100 g) in the California breed than in the hybrid (44.2 and 45.6 mg/100 g
respectively). Both breeds had 67% unsaturated fatty acids. Although there was no significant
difference between the P:S ratio of the two rabbit breeds, the values obtained were higher (+0.9) than
the value of 0.7. This is an indication that the rabbit meat contains a P:S ratio that could be considered
very desirable. The n-6:n-3 ratio for both breeds were high (11.6 for California and 12.7 for hybrid).
The cholesterol and amino acid profile of the two breeds were not affected by the type of breed.
The consumer survey indicated that 52% (n=158) of respondents had never eaten rabbit meat before
due to reasons such as scarcity, lack of knowledge about the meat, associating rabbits with pets and cultural constraints. Nevertheless, 57% of these people were optimistic about eating rabbit meat. In
addition, having eaten rabbit meat before seemed to contribute positively towards acceptance of rabbit
meat.
Generally, respondents preferred purchasing rabbit meat in portions as opposed to live or whole
carcasses. Their decision to purchase rabbit meat was firstly driven by price, thereafter freshness,
leanness and tenderness of meat. The respondents expect to buy rabbit meat at a price lower than
that of chicken.
Rabbit meat contained low sodium and high proportion polyunsaturated fatty acids-some of the most
important food attributes required to maintain and improve health. However, most of the respondents
in this study were not familiar with the positive attributes of rabbit meat and need to be taught the
benefits of this product. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid Afrika is daar 'n uitdaging vir die vleisproduserende voedselindustrieë om 'n verskeidenheid
witvleis te bemark. Dit word toegeskryf aan die feit dat verbruikers minder rooi vleis as hoender en
vark eet wat as meer gesond beskou word weens die negatiewe publisiteit wat geassosieer word met
rooivleis en gesondheid. Die voedingsfokus is op maerder karkasse, groter inname van polionversadigde
vetsure, en 'n vermindering in die verhouding n-6:n-3 poli-onversadigde vetsure in die
dieet. Een van die maniere waarop dit gedoen kan word, is die bekendstelling van konynvleis wat
gekenmerk word deur lae vetinhoud, lae cholesterolinhoud en 'n hoë proteïninhoud, en 'n positiewe
vetsuurprofiel. Karkas- en vleiskwaliteit van konyne word tot 'n groot mate geaffekteer deur ouderdom
van slagting en die ras.
Hierdie studie het 'n tweeledige doel. Eerstens mik dit na die kwantifisering van die effek van ras en
ouderdom op die parameters wat met karkas- en vleiskwaliteit van die Kaliforniese ras en die
kruisgeteëlde ras (Kaliforniese X Hollandse rooi) verband hou. Tweedens, om die verskille in etniese
groepe vas te stel met betrekking tot hulle persepsies van die faktore wat hulle keuse van konynvleis
beïnvloed, en op dié wyse inligting te verkry t.o.v die bemarkingspotensiaal daarvan.
Om in die eerste doelwit te slaag is 50 konyne van die twee rasse in individuele hokke gehuisves, op
'n weeklikse basis geweeg en ad libitum gevoer. Die konyne was geslag op 9, 11, 13, 15 en 17 weke
(n=5 vir elke ras). Vir die tweede doelwit, is die persepsies van drie etniese groepe oor die faktore wat
die verbruikerskeuse van konynvleis kan bepaal, m.b.v. 'n gestruktureerde vraelys bepaal. Die vraelys is
vooraf vir geldigheid evalueer.
Daar was geen beduidende verskil tussen die twee rasse wat betref liggaamsmassa, voedselinname,
karkasgewig en dripverlies nie. Die Kaliforniese ras het 'n hoër uitslag-persentasie (53.7%) en
vleisopbrengs (29,2%) in vergelyking met die kruisgeteëlde ras (52.5% en 27.5% respektiewelik)
gehad. Ouderdom het hoogsbeduidende verskille op al die parameters wat ondersoek was, getoon.
Die toename in ouderdom was gepaardgaande met proporsionele toename in karkasvet en afname in
vog. Die Kaliforniese ras het, by alle ouderdomsbehandelings, in vergelyking met die kruisgeteëlde
ras, 'n hoër persentasie vet opgelewer. Die Kaliforniese ras het teenoor die kruisgeteëlde ras hoër
fosfor, magnesium en sink bevat. Die uitsondering was koper waar die kruisgeteëlde ras 'n hoër
waarde gehad het.
Die totale vetsure vir die Kaliforniese ras (169.2 mg/100 g) was hoër as vir die kruisgeteëlde ras
(133.5 mg/100 g). Om dié rede was daar in die Kaliforniese ras meer versadigde vetsure (55.4 mg/100
g) en monoonversadigde vetsure (62.3 mg/100 g) as vir die kruisgeteëlde ras (44.2 mg/100 g en 45.6
mg/100g onderskeidelik). Beide rasse het 67% onversadigde vetsure gehad. Hoewel daar geen
beduidende verskille was in die polionversadigde:versadigde (P:V) verhouding nie, was die waardes
hoër (+0.9) as die 0.7 wat aanbeveel word. Die n-6:n-3 verhouding vir beide rasse was hoog (11.6 vir
die Kaliforniese ras en 12.7 vir die kruisgeteëlde ras). Die cholesterol- en die aminosuurprofiel was nie
deur die ras beïnvloed nie. Die verbruikersnavorsing het getoon dat 52% (n=158) van die respondente om verskeie redes nog nie
konynvleis geëet het nie, weens redes soos onverkrygbaarheid, gebrekkige kennis van die vleis, die
assosiasie van konyne met troeteldiere en kulturele beperkinge. Desnieteenstaande is daar 57% van
die respondente wat optimisties is oor die eet van konynvleis. Die eet van konynvleis by vorige
geleenthede het bygedra tot die positiewe aanvaarding van konynvleis.
Oor die algemeen het die respondente verkies om konynvleis in porsies te koop, in plaas van
lewendig of heel karkasse. Die besluit om konynvleis te koop, is hoofsaaklik gedryf deur prys, daarna
deur varsheid, maerheid en sagtheid van die vleis. Die respondente verwag dat die prys vir
konynvleis laer sal wees as vir hoender.
Konynvleis bevat lae natrium en 'n hoë verhouding poli-onversadigde vetsure - van die mees
belangrike voedingeienskappe om gesondheid te handhaaf en te verbeter. Ongelukkig was meeste
van die respondente in hierdie studie nie vertroud met die positiewe eienskappe van konynvleis nie,
en moet hulle geleer word deur middel van omvattende bemarkingsaksies van die voordele van
hierdie produk.
|
Page generated in 0.4393 seconds