Denna studie argumenterar för att dagens mediesamhälle fungerar som en hybrid, där sociala medier och traditionella medier lever och verkar i symbios. Det som får tillräckligt stor spridning på sociala medier kan påverka nyhetsdagordningen och därmed vad allmänheten anser vara viktigt för tillfället. Detta är betydelsefullt för biståndsorganisationer som, för att kunna nå ut till många och öka chanserna till att samla in pengar, är i behov av att deras sak får plats på dagordningen. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av samtliga publicerade videoklipp av Sverige för UNHCR på Facebook under 2015. Variablerna baserades på teorier om viralitet, som ursprungligen har utvecklats inom marknadsföring. Där ingick teori om social delning av känslor, social nätverksteori, self-determination theory samt marknadsföringsmodellen ”the Dragonfly effect”. Studien visade hur teorierna kunde utnyttjas även i detta sammanhang, om de anpassades utifrån kontexten. Resultatet visade att the Dragonfly effect tycks vara en lämplig modell i denna kontext. Videon ”Search for Syria” utmärkte sig i detta urval, genom att ha högst antal visningar kombinerat med en förhållandevis hög andel användarresponser, som bidrar till spridningen. Alla fyra steg inom Dragonfly-modellen kunde identifieras i denna video, vilket indikerar att detta är en lämplig modell för att öka chansen till spridning i denna kontext. Studien fann också att urvalet av videoklipp generellt inte var konstruerade på ett sätt som uppmuntrar till spridning. Vidare noterades att starka känslomässiga inslag, så som provokativa och obehagliga scener, förekommer mer i videor som fått flest visningar. Samtidigt tycks videoklipp med en större andel positiva och hoppfulla inslag få större användarrespons i form av ”gillningar”, kommentarer och delningar.

This study uses individual media dependency (IMD) to examine student dependency on the media before and during the attacks of September 11. A content analysis of media journals kept by a group of university students during the week of September 11 confirmed the existence of the IMD relationship, a finding that adds to the methodological breadth of IMD research. Goal scope, which is composed of the understanding, orientation, and play goals narrowed to the goal of social understanding on September 11 only to expand outwards to pre-September 11 levels by the end of that week. The theory postulates goal scope to be comprehensive, but student-identified reasons for seeking out the media during the week of September 11 were not fully explained by goal scope. Dependence on news mediated sources followed the pattern of goal scope with students articulating a tremendous dependence during the attacks, only to be followed with a sharp decline in time spent with news media by the end of the week. Contrary to hypothesis 4, referent scope did not narrow at all during that week. However, the media diaries revealed television was the referent of choice among students for information about the attacks. Time spent with television followed the patterns of goal scope and dependence on news mediated sources—a sharp increase in time spent with television was followed by a comparable decline in time spent. Student reflection papers were analyzed to understand why students returned so quickly to former media consumption patterns. Weariness with the reports and images surrounding the attacks, disappointment with the lack of new information, and the obligations of being a student were among the reasons given in the reflection papers. Despite the quick return to pre-attack levels of media consumption, students wrote that the media presentations of the attacks had broad cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects.

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This master's thesis deals with the Greek media system and its specifics, describes the media landscape of Greece and its transformation influenced by the economic crisis. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the media system and to the description of the development of its research with special focus on the publication Four theories of the press written by Fred Siebert, Theodor Peterson and Wilbur Schram and the Comparing Media Systems written by Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini. In the practical part, the historical development of the Greek media market is described, followed by a description of the contemporary media landscape of Greece. The thesis focuses on print media, radio broadcasting, television broadcasting and digital media including social networks. The ownership structures of the Greek media are also characterized. The master's thesis also deals with the legislative framework of Greek media and self-regulation principles. In the thesis the impact of the economic crisis on the Greek media market is analyzed and the future development of the Greek media is aniticipated. The thesis is partly based on the criteria defined by D. C. Hallin and P. Mancinim in the above-mentioned publication Comparing Media Systems and compares the postulated theses of both authors with the...

In several modern countries, media have to operate in "disabling environments" with limited journalistic freedom and judicial independence. Central and Eastern European states represent such settings to various extent, as the takeover of media regulatory organisations and decreasing media pluralism have become characteristic for this region, indicating a systemic shift. Nevertheless, the high- profile cases of Poland and Hungary could have contributed to overgeneralised conclusions regarding the nature of such transformations, attributing them to, inter alia, the rise of right-wing populism. Using the method of paired comparison, this thesis examines Poland and the Czech Republic to determine the exact mechanisms of change behind media capture in these countries. I contend that different manifestations of neo-authoritarianism in the region are responsible for manifold attacks on media independence, including sophisticated strategies of using SLAPPs, strategic lawsuits against public participation, and increasing concentration of media ownership combined with potential conflicts of interest. I conclude by suggesting directions for further research and policy-making to address media freedom on both national and European levels.

This diploma thesis aims to describe and explain the phenomenon of the community radio broadcasting. Despite the fact, that this sector has not been implemented in the Czech media system to supplement the dual system of public and private stations, broadcasting of this type does exist. As a subject of my case study I chose the internet radio StreetCulture as I consider it to be a unique example within the Czech media market. StreetCulture proves its specificity with a very wide range of contents. It acts as a platform for a large number of different communities and it also interconnects the participants within the public space StreetBar. The analytical part of the thesis investigates how this radio station fulfils four basic dimensions of community media as defined by the media theorist Nico Carpentier: community aspect, alternative aspect, civil aspect and rhizomatic aspect. For each of these specifics I tried to demonstrate how it relates to the StreetCulture radio station concerning both the organization and content of the broadcast and how it is reflected in various non-broadcasting activities of StreetCulture. The aim of this study is not to draw general conclusions which could be applied to other community stations in the Czech Republic. It rather offers a detailed insight into the...

The thesis "Ownership Forms of News Agencies in Selected EU Countries" aims to analyze the forms of ownership and other characteristics of the three national news agencies: British agency Press Association, Swedish agency Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå and Spanish agency EFE. Differences and similarities of the news agencies and the three media landscapes of UK, Sweden and Spain are explored within the context of the three media systems (North Atlantic, North/Central European and Mediterranean), described by Hallin and Mancini in their book Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. The comparison is assessed on the basis of four parameters: development of media markets, political parallelism, professionalization and role of the state in media system. The thesis examines agencies from all possible angles. The conclusion summarizes the most important findings and evaluates the comparative analysis of the news agencies' ownership forms and media systems.

This thesis is focused on chosen attributes of a journalist profession in Mexico related to the topics of ethics, professionalism and security. This thesis considers various aspects that affect performance of this profession, such as current political and economic situation in the country or historical context. It also concentrates on a basic description of normative environment of Mexican media system. This thesis analyses regulations of Mexican journalism done by the state, also a degree of political parallelism, a situation of self-regulation of journalism and a status of journalists within the editorial office and the Mexican society. Furthermore, this study takes into account specific challenges of Mexico. Namely, problems of drug trafficking, high level of corruption and clientelism, which cause high crime not only among journalists but the whole society. These aspects are discussed in the presented study. Regarding the above- mentioned challenges in the country, the thesis also focuses on security and seeks reasons for limited security of Mexican journalists. The practical part presents views of Mexican journalists on the profession of journalism in Mexico. Since journalism is perceived as a mirror of society, this study also provides insights into Mexican society as such.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ester Amaral de Paula Minga.pdf: 1090179 bytes, checksum: e7df703adf585eb3a4791a5b8578d53e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-20 / The object of study of this research is the journalistic praxis historically situated. The analysis covers from the emergence of the first leaflets in the fifteenth century, through its gradual evolution in newspapers with defined periodicity in the seventeenth century and the consolidation, during the nineteenth century, of the journalism as an autonomous field of discursive production, until the scenario occurred today in which news are produced and transmitted by non-professionals through platforms available on the internet. The goal is to identify points of convergence between the practice of production and circulation of news existing at the beginning of their trade, when there was not the professionalization of the journalism and the media system, and the current practice, by the internet. As specific objectives, it analyzes the similarities between the two periods and how this return to the origins has generated discussion within the journalistic field; it identifies the actions taken by the media system to participate in this process and tries to understand how this dynamics, similar to the past, has revitalized concepts like the public sphere. For its development, a literature analysis is carried out of authors such as John Thompson, responsible for the work of historical conceptualization of the media until its massified form, and Jurgen Habermas and his theory of the bourgeois public sphere; as well as case studies involving news produced and disseminated over the internet and its impact on the media system in society and among journalism professionals / O objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa é a práxis jornalística situada historicamente. A análise abrange desde a emergência dos primeiros folhetos informativos no século XV, passando por sua evolução gradual em jornais com periodicidade definida, no século XVII, e pela consolidação, durante o século XIX, do jornalismo como um campo autônomo de produção discursiva, até o cenário verificado hoje, em que notícias são produzidas e transmitidas por não profissionais por meio de plataformas disponibilizadas pela internet. O objetivo é identificar pontos de convergência entre a prática de produção e circulação de notícias existente no início do seu comércio, quando não havia a profissionalização do jornalismo e o sistema midiático, e a prática atual, pela internet. Como objetivos específicos, analisam-se as similitudes entre os dois períodos e a forma como esse retorno às origens tem gerado discussões dentro do campo jornalístico, identificam-se as ações empreendidas pelo sistema midiático para se inserir nesse processo e busca-se compreender como essa dinâmica, similar ao passado, tem revitalizado conceitos como os de esfera pública. Para o seu desenvolvimento, uma análise bibliográfica de autores como John Thompson, responsável pelo trabalho de conceituação histórica das mídias, até a sua conformação massificada, e Jurgen Habermas e a sua teoria da esfera pública burguesa, soma-se aos estudos de caso envolvendo notícias produzidas e disseminadas pela internet e o seu impacto no sistema midiático, na sociedade e entre os profissionais de jornalismo

<p>This thesis covers design and implementation of a media system solution for home networks with personal computers and a set-top box. </p><p>In a home there are effectively two independent media systems with the same purpose: the personal computer and the digital set-top box, with the purpose of delivering digital media in form of audio and video to the consumer.</p><p>The goal of the thesis work was to implement a solution that bridges the gap between the two systems, so that the user, from the set-top box, can play back media that is actually stored on one or several personal computers. </p><p>Our solution is based on UPnP technology, which is used for service discovery and control. The choice of UPnP is motivated by an evaluation of discovery protocols, which concludes that UPnP is the most suitable technology in this particular system. Also, an evaluation of suitable transport protocols was done. Here,HTTP was used. </p><p>For the personal computer, a media server and a graphical user interface for configuring the media server were created. For the set-top box, a media client, and a graphical user interface for browsing the content of the media server, were created. In conclusion, the creation of the prototype was successful and the set-top box was able to playback media that had been shared by the PC on the network.</p>