Individfokuserad forskning tyder på att Leader member exchange (LMX) är en prediktor för ökad self-efficacy medan gruppfokuserad forskning visar ett positivt samband mellan LMX och virtuell collective efficacy. Räddningstjänstpersonals unika arbetsform och relation mynnade ut i intresse att undersöka hur mycket av den totala variationen i  Collective efficacy (CE) som kan förklaras av LMX respektive sju bakgrundsvariabler. En enkät bestående av två skalor, LMX-7 och Collective Efficacy Belief Scale samt sju bakgrundsvariabler besvarades av 135 räddningstjänstpersonal. 129 svar analyserades. Urvalet bestod av 115 män och 14 kvinnor från 13 olika räddningstjänstregioner. Medelvärdet för ålder var 38.98 år (SD=9.62). En hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys visade att 15,1 % av variationen i CE förklarades av LMX tillsammans med bakgrundsvariablerna. Män tenderar att ha högre CE än kvinnor. Resultatet kan inspirera chefer att arbeta med ledarskap för att stärka arbetsgruppers tro på sin förmåga samt vara en grund för vidare forskning om andra yrkesgrupper.

Despite the relatively high availability of free or low-cost psychological care many service members and veterans choose not to seek services (Vogt et al., 2014). This paper aimed to investigate whether military culture moderates the relationship between stigma and help-seeking intentions among service members. Prior work has suggested that service member underutilization of services may be the result of military culture and its emphasis on placing the mission above personal needs but this finding has not been clearly demonstrated in the literature. The findings of this study revealed that high commitment to military values coupled with heightened perceptions of stigma may play an important role in a service member’s decision to seek out psychological treatment. These results lend support to the effects of commitment to core military values and perceived stigma on psychological help-seeking intentions and demonstrate the need to consider these factors when tailoring psychological interventions for military personnel.

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The stratigraphy within the Wittenoom Formation's Paraburdoo Member of the Hamersley Basin in Western Australia has lacked a significant and identifiable marker bed until the recent discovery of the Paraburdoo Spherule Layer (PSL). This 1.5-2 cm thick spherule layer, which was produced by a large bolide impact in the Neoarchean, records more depositional events than presented thus far within the literature. Furthermore, large bolide impacts in the Phanerozoic produced global change identifiable in the post-impact sediments. Aside from a few isolated examples, however, post-impact change associated with Precambrian impacts is sparse. In these studies, we (1) correlate this stratigraphy residing at the three known exposed locations of the PSL within the Hamersley Basin and use these correlations in conjunction with detailed observations and analyses to assess the type of sedimentation recorded by these alternating 'sand' and 'mud' beds. (2) We characterize in detail these same several meters of stratigraphy using the PSL as a distinctive marker bed and add to the existing depositional model of the Hamersley Basin. (3) We use the PSL as a case study to search for impact-induced change in the sediments above the spherule layer. (4) Finally, we investigate microbreccia features surrounding the PSL and outline a new depositional history for the PSL and impact-related strata. We find that the strata surrounding the PSL were not deposited by sediment gravity flows, but rather long-acting deep-marine bottom current(s), the rhythmicity recorded as alternating 'sand' and 'mud' beds is the result of increasing and decreasing current velocities, grain size decreases while mud content increases to the east within the basin, bed thinning occurs to the west within the basin, microbial activity may be recorded in laminations in the finer-grained mud beds present within these strata, and the diagenetic history changes across the Hamersley Basin. We also find possible minor sedimentary changes across the PSL that may be due either to a disturbance by bottom currents or changing diagenetic conditions. Contrary to the trends found with several post-Great Oxidation Event large bolide impacts, we find no evidence of shifts in tectonic regime, sediment deposition, paleoenvironment, or weathering induced by the PSL impact, for which the impactor has been estimated to be approximately three times larger than that of the K-Pg boundary layer. This lack of weathering may be due to one or both of the following hypotheses: either the PSL's deposition in several-hundred-meter-deep water within the Hamersley Basin of Western Australia caused the water to act as a buffer against such changes, or the Neoarchean's high-CO2 atmospheric composition acted as a threshold below which introducing more impact-produced gases would not have produced the expected climatic and weathering changes. We also report higher iron and arsenic concentrations in the sediments immediately above the PSL as well as distinctive layers of hematite nodules bracketing the spherule layer. These geochemical changes may record ocean overturn of the Neoarchean stratified water column, which brought slightly oxygenated waters to depth, and/or heating of the global oceans by tens to hundreds of degrees Celsius in the wake of the PSL impact. Either or both of these mechanisms in addition to impact-induced shallow-water ocean evaporation may have caused a massive die-off of microbes, also producing a post-impact increase in iron and arsenic concentrations. Finally, we find that the PSL is bracketed by thin layers of microbreccia. The microbreccia layer underlying the spherules contains K-phyllosilicate mud clasts, detrital quartz grains, iron oxide grains and nodules, mud aggregates, and muddy areas within carbonate interstitial material. This underlying layer formed via debris flow or possible bottom-current flow before the PSL spherules fell through the water column. Afterwards, meteoritic dust from the impact along with sediment suspended in the impact-mixed water column settled out on top of the spherules. The pressure of the spherules and overlying mud on top of the underlying microbreccia layer caused the microbreccia to pipe upwards, pooling out on top of the spherules, forming an overlying microbreccia layer. Additional impact-related microbreccia features occur at only one of the three PSL deposition sites, including microbreccia-filled dikes in the strata below the PSL and further water escape features upward through the strata above the PSL, suggesting differential diagenesis or local variability between the three exposed PSL sections. Carbonate, iron oxide, and silica precipitation within the microbreccia layers likely occurred during diagenesis. / Geoscience

Yes / Consultation is an important feature of research and, increasingly, researchers are required to work in partnership with stakeholders to increase the impact of their work. Our aim is to demonstrate what can be learned from the scholarship on, and practice of, member checking to facilitate productive knowledge exchange. Using dialogical analysis we explore three member check interactions from three different qualitative psychology projects focusing our analysis on difficult moments between researchers and participants conceptualised here as ‘sore spots’. We identify two major genres in these sequences: participant ambivalence and participant challenge. We then consider passages that allow us to explore a more theoretical understanding of these two genres in terms of the metaphor of portraits and mirrors. Overall, we outline how implicit epistemologies and theories of subjectivity (uncomplicated, blank, and complex) may be linked to the way in which stakeholders approach research. We also provide a map with regard to the theories within which member checks can be undertaken, associated research practices in terms of a range of researcher responses to stakeholder ambivalence and challenge, and implications of these moments for knowledge exchange for qualitative research but also for psychological science as a whole. We conclude that sore spots in knowledge exchange process can be productive opportunities of transformational validity.

Both leader-member exchange (LMX) and organizational justice have commanded a great deal of attention in organizational research. Despite this attention, these two research areas are seldom integrated for examination. This dissertation aimed at helping to integrate these two areas and extend them to a higher level of analysis. Two models were developed at the individual- and group-levels of analysis. In the individual-level model, LMX quality was hypothesized to interact with role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and two group characteristics — LMX differentiation and intra-group communication — to impact justice perceptions. It was further hypothesized that justice perceptions would mediate the association between LMX quality and various individual outcomes. In the group-level model, it was hypothesized that LMX differentiation would impact justice climate strength in groups which in turn would affect group-level outcomes. Moreover, justice climate strength was hypothesized to impact these group-level outcomes through two group processes — relationship conflict and team-member exchange (TMX). Data collected from 413 members constituting 87 groups in a corps of cadets revealed that LMX quality interacted with RBSE, LMX differentiation, and intra-group communication to affect procedural and interactional justice perceptions. In addition, distributive, procedural, and interactional justice perceptions partially mediated the impact of LMX quality on group members' commitment to the leader, satisfaction with the leader, job performance, and citizenship behaviors to different degrees. When extended to the group-level of analysis, LMX differentiation in groups was found to lower the strength of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice climates in the groups. These weak justice climates promoted more relationship conflict and hindered social exchange among group members. They also dampened group members' commitment to the group, satisfaction with the group, group performance, and citizenship behaviors in the group. Contributions, practical implications, and future directions for research on LMX and organizational justice are discussed. / Ph. D.