Os estudos foram realizados em cultura de células HEK-293 (human embrionic kidney cells). Por microscopia de fluorescência, avaliou-se a velocidade de recuperação do pHi (dpHi/dt). Por Western blot, avaliou-se a expressão de SGLTs e NHEs e a translocação dos SGLTs foi avaliada por imunofluorescência. Resultados: No controle, a dpHi/dt foi de 0,169 ± 0,020 unid pH/min (n=6). A glicose modula dose e tempo dependentemente a dpHi/dt. O tratamento crônico aumentou esse parâmetro e somente Florizina (inibidor dos SGLTs), H-89 (inibidor da PKA) e BAPTA (quelante de Ca2+intracelular Ca2+i) reduziram esse efeito. O tratamento crônico induziu a internalização do SGLT1, manteve o SGLT2 no citosol e aumentou sua expressão. Conclusões: No tratamento crônico, a internalização do SGLT1 depende da PKA, independe de Ca2+i e a permanência do SGLT2 no citosol depende tanto da PKA quanto do Ca2+i. Assim, a distribuição celular do SGLT2 altera a atividade dos NHEs. / In this work we used human embryonic kidney (HEK-293 cells). The pHi recovery rate (dpHi/dt) was evaluated through fluorescence microscopy. The expression of SGLT´s and NHEs was analysed through Western blot and translocation of SGLTs was evaluated through Imunofluorescence. Results: In the control situation, the dpHi/dt was 0,169 ± 0,020 units pH/min (n=6). This parameter was modulated by glucose in a concentration and time dependent manner. Chronic treatment increased the dpHi/dt and this stimulatory effect was inhibited by Phlorizin (SGLTs inhibitor), H-89 (PKA inhibitor) and BAPTA (intracellular Ca2+ cheleator - Ca2+i). The chronic treatment induced internalization of SGLT1, increased the expression of SGLT2 and kept it in the cytosol. Conclusions: In chronic treatment, the internalization of SGLT1 involves a PKA-dependent and Ca2+i- independent mechanism. The maintenance of SGLT2 in the cytosol depends on PKA and Ca2+i. Thus, the cellular distribution of SGLT2 is associated with NHEs activity.

La présente étude a été consacrée à l'étude du potentiel du PDMS pour l'élaboration d'un procédé de séparation membranaire à sélectivité variable et contrôlée. La nanofiltration se base une théorie relativement jeune. Les mécanismes impliqués dans les performances des membranes sont encore sujet à controverse au vu des données de la littérature. La caractérisation du gonflement solvo-dépendant du polymère, ainsi que de ses propriétés de compressibilité à l'état gonflé, ont permis de relier directement les propriétés de perméation et de tamisage moléculaire d'une membrane de PDMS à son état physico-chimique. L'étude de l'influence des paramètres opératoires a dans un premier temps permis d'apporter des éléments de compréhension significatifs concernant les propriétés de perméation résultant de la variabilité de l'agencement structural et géométrique du réseau polymérique. Degré de gonflement, compressibilité de la membrane lorsque soumise à la pression transmembranaire, affinités solvant/membrane et viscosité du solvant ont été mise en avant pour décrire le flux de solvant à travers la membrane. Au vu des résultats, ce dernier résulterait davantage d'un transport de type hydraulique à travers les interstices du PDMS gonflé, qui se comporte analogiquement à un système poreux dans cet état. Les mécanismes de transport impliqués ont pu être confirmés et agrémentés au cours d'une étude de la rétention de molécules modèles : les polyéthylèneglycols. Il a alors été montré, via l'étude de leur rétention individuelle, la faisabilité d'un procédé membranaire dont les performances sont variables et peuvent être ciblés par un choix adéquat des conditions opératoires. Deux types majeures d'influences ont alors pu être soulignée : celles liées à la structure du système solvant/PDMS et celles attribuées aux propriétés physico-chimique de la solution à traiter, présentant des effets synergique pour certains d'entre eux. Après avoir démontré la flexibilité contrôlée des performances de filtration, l'application du système de NF a été concrétisée par l'étude de la purification et du fractionnement de peptides : une purification d'un milieu issu d'une synthèse par voie chimique (un hydrazynopeptide) et le fractionnement ciblé d'un hydrolysat de protéines en provenance de ressources agroalimentaires. Cette étude prospective a alors permis de conclure à de prometteuses capacités du système de NF pour la mise en oeuvre de séparations membranaire dont la sélectivité et la productivité peut être appréhendée et ciblée par des conditions opératoires adaptées / The present study aimed to study the ability to build an adaptative and controlled separation process using PDMS membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). Despite the well understanding of mechanisms implied in the performances of nanofiltration in aqueous media, the ones conditioning OSN productivity and sieving properties remains unclear. The characterization of the PDMS swelling when put in contact with several solvent and submitted under pressure allowed for correlating the structural conformation of the PDMS membrane to its permeation properties. The study of the influence of different operating parameters on the solvent fluxes has brought significant insights in the understanding of permeation mechanisms. Swelling degree (SL), membrane compressibility under transmembrane pressure (TMP), solvent/membrane affinity and solvent viscosity were pointed out as major parameters governing the filtration through PDMS membranes. The results concluded on a molecular transport attributed to hydraulic transport through the swollen PDMS, which behavior in this state was similar to a porous material. The transport mechanisms were confirmed and deepened with a study of solute retention using homologous series of polyethylenglycols as « model » molecules. The results have shown the ability to build a separation process with targeted performances when using the appropriate operating conditions (TMP, SL, temperature...). Two main categories of impact were shown to condition the selectivity and the productivity of the membrane: the ones attributed to the polymer/solvent layout and the ones concerning the physico-chemical properties of the filtrated solution. Both categories have in addition presented synergetic effects on the process performances. After the demonstration of the ability to vary and control the sieving properties of the PDMS membranes, the nanofiltration system was applied to two concrete case studies: a purification of a hydrazynopeptide after its production via a chemical synthesis and a fractionation of a protein hydrolyzate originating from renewable resources. In both cases, the prospection of the PDMS ability in terms of targeted selectivity and productivity showed interesting results that confirmed a promising development of a separation process among the sieving properties can be regulated by the application of suitable operating conditions

<p>The appearance of adverse drug reactions is a common reason for hospitalization in Western countries. Research on underlying biological mechanisms for interindividual variability in drug response aims to better identify patients with exceptional genetic traits, disease conditions or risk of drug-drug interactions and thereby help to prevent adverse drug reactions. </p><p>Active transport mechanisms are involved in the absorption and disposition of several therapeutic agents. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate factors potentially affecting transport proteins and thus contributing to variability in drug absorption and disposition. Studies of physiological, genetic, environmental, and pathological factors were included. The main focus was the two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: P-glycoprotein 170 (Pgp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). </p><p>Quantification of transport protein mRNAs along the human intestine indicated that eight of the nine investigated drug transporters were expressed in a region-dependent manner. Effects of drug-drug interactions may therefore vary depending on the site of absorption. The genetic aspect was illustrated by identification of sequence variation in the gene encoding BCRP, the most highly expressed ABC transporter along the human intestine. Drug-drug interactions are important environmental causes of interindividual variability. An evaluation of the effects of Pgp-mediated drug-drug interactions showed that patients receiving Pgp inhibitors had elevated serum concentrations of the Pgp substrate digoxin and that digoxin concentrations were positively correlated with the number of co-administered Pgp inhibitors. The final topic in this thesis was that of drug-disease interactions. BCRP and Pgp were down-regulated during active inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. This may contribute to altered concentrations of drug in the intestinal mucosa during periods of inflammation and possibly to changes in drug absorption.</p><p>To summarize, results of this thesis emphasize the complex background to the interindividual variability of drug transport proteins, where physiological, genetic, environmental and pathological factors all can contribute.</p>

The appearance of adverse drug reactions is a common reason for hospitalization in Western countries. Research on underlying biological mechanisms for interindividual variability in drug response aims to better identify patients with exceptional genetic traits, disease conditions or risk of drug-drug interactions and thereby help to prevent adverse drug reactions. Active transport mechanisms are involved in the absorption and disposition of several therapeutic agents. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate factors potentially affecting transport proteins and thus contributing to variability in drug absorption and disposition. Studies of physiological, genetic, environmental, and pathological factors were included. The main focus was the two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: P-glycoprotein 170 (Pgp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). Quantification of transport protein mRNAs along the human intestine indicated that eight of the nine investigated drug transporters were expressed in a region-dependent manner. Effects of drug-drug interactions may therefore vary depending on the site of absorption. The genetic aspect was illustrated by identification of sequence variation in the gene encoding BCRP, the most highly expressed ABC transporter along the human intestine. Drug-drug interactions are important environmental causes of interindividual variability. An evaluation of the effects of Pgp-mediated drug-drug interactions showed that patients receiving Pgp inhibitors had elevated serum concentrations of the Pgp substrate digoxin and that digoxin concentrations were positively correlated with the number of co-administered Pgp inhibitors. The final topic in this thesis was that of drug-disease interactions. BCRP and Pgp were down-regulated during active inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. This may contribute to altered concentrations of drug in the intestinal mucosa during periods of inflammation and possibly to changes in drug absorption. To summarize, results of this thesis emphasize the complex background to the interindividual variability of drug transport proteins, where physiological, genetic, environmental and pathological factors all can contribute.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmacology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.