The purpose of this study was to determine the national prevalence and correlates of currently diagnosed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral problems, anxiety and depression among U.S. children aged 3–17 years. Data from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was analyzed. Parents/caregivers reported whether their children currently had each mental health condition. Chi square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to examine the prevalence of conditions and assess independent associations based on selected sociodemographic characteristics. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated for the study population (n = 26,572). The study found that 8.6% currently had ADHD, 6.9% currently had behavioral disorders, 8.0% currently had anxiety, 3.7% currently had depression and 16.1% had any of the four conditions. The prevalence of each disorder was higher for older age, Whites (except for behavioral disorders which were higher for Blacks), public insurance, single parent households, children living with non-parents, parent/caregiver mental/emotional health, and non-users of medical home when comparing individuals who had these disorders to those without the disorders. Condition-specific variations were observed. Children with public and private insurance, single parents/non-parents, mentally ill parents and not receiving care in a medical home were more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorders. These findings provide the latest data on a broad range of mental health disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents and show that these problems are prevalent which highlight the need for prevention and early intervention.

Mentalising is an "imaginative mental activity that enables us to perceive and interpret human behaviour in terms of internal mental states (e.g. needs, desires, feelings, beliefs, goals, purposes and reasons)" (Bateman & Fonagy, 2012; page 4). While this has been studied within an adult population, there has been a lack of research in understanding this construct in adolescence and its associations with mental health. This thesis aimed to systematically review the literature to establish if there was an association between mentalising difficulties and mental health disorders in adolescence. It further aimed to empirically investigate using a questionnaire-based study with adolescents, the constructs of mentalising and their associations with mental wellbeing. The review found a negative association, indicating that low mentalising skills were a risk factor for mental health difficulties. However, there was a lack of research in this area and methodological and conceptual concerns about the measurement of mentalising. The empirical study found that the theoretical model of mentalising did not fit for adolescents. This was discussed in relation to the need for further adolescent specific research to understand this developing construct. In addition, a refined model that was hypothesised to be 'self-awareness' was suggested that was found to predict the mental wellbeing outcomes, indicating a potential risk factor for mental health difficulties in adolescence.

A large portion of U.S. inmates and parolees experience co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders (COD). Offenders with COD exhibit significantly poorer outcomes than offenders who do not have COD, including less time to rearrest and reincarceration. Research shows that transition services for substance use and mental health disorders improve parolee outcomes, yet a majority of offenders with COD do not receive transition services prior to discharge or upon release from correctional facilities. Using a nationally representative sample of offenders with COD (secondary data from the CJ-DATS; N=811), this study analyzes the treatment effects of Transition Case Management (TCM) on parolees' drug use, rearrest, and reincarceration during the first nine months of parole, on a sample of offenders with COD. Results indicate there are no statistically significant differences between TCM treatment and control groups when predicting likelihood of rearrest, reincarceration, and drug use.

Mental health disorder is the leading cause of disease burden in women worldwide. Pregnant women with mental disorder are especially at risk of having offspring with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of mental health disorder among Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester. A total of 462 pregnant women in their third trimester completed interviews at three hospitals in Shandong Province, China from July to December, 2010. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was used to evaluate mental health disorder, and was defined as total score ≥160, or scores of any symptom dimensions ≥3, or total of positive symptoms ≥43. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors of mental health disorder, and to adjust for covariates. The total score and scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and phobic anxiety were higher than corresponding national norm by SCL-90-R assessment (all p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed family income, relationship with parents-in-law, concerns about child's health, fear of delivery, and pregnancy complications were negatively associated with mental health disorder (all p<0.05). More specifically, relationship with parents-in-law, fear of delivery, preference on mode of delivery (Caesarean section), and body image concerns were positively associated with anxiety (all p<0.05); Fear of delivery was positively associated with depression (p=0.023). Family income, relationship with parents-in-law, concern about child's health, fear of delivery, and pregnancy complications were identified as potential risk factors of mental health disorder in this Chinese pregnant women population. Strategies to reduce mental health disorder are needed among Chinese pregnant women.

In conducting this study, the ultimate goal was to determine whether parents and other caregivers of individuals with disabilities are experiencing higher levels of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms as compared to the general population. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities and other disabilities are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors such as hitting, kicking, biting, screaming, and self-injurious behavior. Research has also shown that parents of children with special needs have higher levels of stress, and special education teachers are leaving the field due to burnout. In addition to comparing PTSD levels of these caregivers with the general population, results of parents in this sample size were compared with the results of other caregivers. Using the PTSD Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C), a self-report questionnaire, PTSD total scores, the three subscale scores which included re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal were analyzed. In total PCL-C scores and the subscale scores, the respondents’ results were statistically significant, with a mean score of 46.7 as compared to 29 with the general population. In addition, results demonstrated that parents and other caregivers that worked with an individual with a disability who engaged in aggressive behavior had a higher mean score than those who didn’t among this population. When divided into two groups, parents had a higher mean than the other caregivers. Future research can be done on PTSD treatments for this specific population without having to remove them from their environments in order to help reduce burnout and attrition among caregivers of individuals with disabilities.

Seclusion is a behavioral management intervention used at the practicum site to manage maladaptive behaviors seen in mentally ill patients. Seclusion is not a voluntary occurrence for patients. The practice-focused question asked: Can development of an evidence-based practice (EBP) guideline help guide health care providers in the development of a multisensory room as an alternative to seclusion for people living with mental health disorders (PLWMHD)? The purpose of this DNP project was to develop the EBP guideline for a multisensory room as an alternative to seclusion for the practicum site. To aid in the development of the EBP guideline, the AGREE II model provided the framework for quality improvement related to better patient outcomes. The sources of evidence for this DNP project were drawn from the systematic review of the literature related to primary, original, and peer-reviewed journals. The electronic databases used for conducting these searches were CINAHL with Plus Full, Medline with full text, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and the Walden University library. The analytical strategy for this DNP project was to conduct a content analysis of research studies for recurrent themes, related to maladaptive behaviors, seclusion, and sensory rooms, in order to develop the draft guideline. Subsequently, 14 experts were selected for review of the resultant draft guideline using the AGREE II tool. Expert input and feedback was incorporated to achieve consensus on the final version. The potential implication for nursing practice is patient safety for a targeted population. The positive social change expected to occur for health care providers at the practicum site is the use of a best-practice tool based on evidence during their provision of care for PLWMHDs.

No description available.

Research suggests a relationship between time distortion and mental health disorders, and the present study sought to examine this proposition. Prior research suggests that negative emotions are associated with the slowing down of time. Because mental health disorder symptomology is associated with more negative emotions, it was predicted that negative emotions would mediate the relationship between mental health disorder symptomology and time distortion. A survey was administered to university students that contained measures of anxiety, depression, emotional experiences, and time perception. Mental health disorder symptomology was found to be related to negative emotions. However, negative emotions and mental health disorder symptomology were not related to time distortion. Thus, the proposed mediation model was not supported. The primary reason for these results likely lies in the challenges of measuring time distortion. Despite the lack of effects found in the present study, investigating this topic is crucial for understanding the perceptual experiences of those with mental health disorders.

Background: The Tennessee veterans represents 8.3 percent of state’s adult population, these includes the service members from World War II to Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Some of the research done on veterans shows that approximately 14% to 16% of U.S. service members deployed suffer from mental health challenges like PTSD or depression and substance abuse. The issue of mental health and substance abuse worsen among veterans populations while transitioning to civil life. The mental health symptoms among 1,239 American veterans assessed online one month prior to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States through next year shows slight increase in mental health symptoms over time. The proposed study examines the association between veteran status and depression, alcohol use, and smoking in Tennessee. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System a nationally representative U.S. telephone-based survey of adults aged 18 years and extracted data for Tennessee (n=4,788). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between coronary artery disease and depression. We controlled for past month income, race/ethnicity, educational status, gender, and age. Results: Overall, among U.S. military veterans 23.7% (n=145) were diagnosed with depression, 46.6% consumed alcohol in the last 30 days, while 15.2% (n=93) smoked cigarettes within the last 30 days. U.S military veterans status (OR=1.40, 95% CI, 1.12, 1.74) along with low income (OR=2.21, 95% CI, 1.91, 2.55) and female gender (OR=2.07, 95% CI, 1.78, 2.41) was significantly associated with depression. U.S military veteran status was not associated with alcohol use or smoking. Conclusion: The results implicate that the veterans in Tennessee are on higher risks of depression and alcohol consumption than non-veterans. Findings highlight the need of ongoing treatment and social support for the veterans population in Tennessee. Additional research is needed to understand the type of treatment and social support for this population. Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Mental Health Disorders, Health disparities in Tennessee

Digitalization has posed challenges for individuals with mental health disorders, creating a digital divide that hinders their integration into the digital society. This case study delved into the experiences of members at the Fountain House in Lund, a group of people diagnosed with mental health disorders. The study aimed to uncover the digital barriers they faced, thus contributing to the discussion on digital inclusion and the divide. Through extensive research, the study examined the digital divide comprehensively, emphasizing the role of social sustainability in achieving digital inclusion. Barriers such as missing skills, technical, external, and individual were meticulously analyzed. Based on these findings, a prototype was developed to bridge the digital divide and foster digital inclusion. The study's efforts in addressing digital barriers at the intersection of digitalization and mental health disorders offer insights into the digital divide and practical strategies for achieving social sustainability in the digital age.