Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Small-scale Business Enterprises (SBEs) lack proper mechanisms for supporting the provision and access to business information that can nurture their development in Kenya. This study investigated the role that public libraries could play in supporting the development of SBEs in Meru County with a view to developing a model that would enable public libraries to effectively support the development of SBEs. The study used the pragmatic paradigm to explore the identified phenomena. It applied the mixed methods approach and survey research design; collected data from 355 SBEs, 21 staff from three public libraries and two staff from the enterprise development unit of Meru County. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. The response rate was 83.4% and 95% for SBEs and public library staff respectively. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used with the help of SPSS and Excel. Thematic analysis was applied on qualitative data. The study found that the factors that influence the development of SBEs are anchored in the environmental, cultural and personality factors of SBEs. SBEs have a myriad of business information needs which are sector-specific and cut across all the stages of business development. To fulfil these needs, most SBEs consult informal information sources and places. Technology-related tools were a popular means of accessing business information. Public libraries were poorly stocked with business information sources while business information services were in a desolate state. The study concludes that public libraries have facilitative and functional roles of providing business information solutions to SBEs by collaborating with like- minded stakeholders. The availability and accessibility of business information sources and services at public libraries is critical in addressing the information needs of SBEs. The study recommends repositioning of public libraries as business community development centres by providing value-based information sources and services. Public libraries need to revise their collection development policy, increase budget allocation, establish business information centres, seek partnerships, improve ICT facilities, ensure adequate staffing, engage business services librarians, open more libraries and widen their business outreach activities for effective support of SBEs. Policy framework and support systems for symmetrical access to business information, and entrepreneurial training for SBEs and for public library staff are needed. The proposed model of public library’s support for the development of SBEs is valuable and contribute to knowledge in business development. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

In Tanzania, approximately 76% of the drinking water supplies is dependent on groundwater sources. However, the groundwater in north Tanzania is susceptible to contamination by arsenic and fluoride. This study examines the spatial analysis of arsenic and fluoride mobilization in groundwater around Mount Meru, located in northern Tanzania. The study area covers approximately 1,450 Km2 around Mount Meru in Arusha region, Tanzania. The statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0.0 to interpret data and unveil the correlation and trends between chemical elements in 11 springs and in 17 wells.  The geochemical modelling software, Visual MINTEQ ver.3.1. have been used to simulate chemical elements in springs and wells in the study area to predict the chemical species, saturation indices, and adsorption efficiency of arsenic to goethite and of fluoride to gibbsite. Moreover, the spatial analysis was done using ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.2 and Geoda 1.20.0.22 software to identify the hotspots areas and to connect spatial patterns of arsenic and fluoride distribution within the study area. The statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between arsenic and pH in springs. The Na-Cl-HCO3 water type was found in springs, with increased F- concentration in groundwater. The results of geochemical modelling confirmed that more undersaturated values for F- minerals were observed in springs than in wells, which were likely influenced by the fluoride adsorption to gibbsite surface. It was observed that initial concentration and increase of adsorbent dose promoted adsorption efficiency of arsenic and fluoride on goethite and gibbsite, respectively, between pH 4 and pH 6. However, the increase in pH value hinders adsorption efficiency. Moreover, the highest adsorption efficiency was observed at adsorbent dose of 0.05 g/L of goethite for arsenic adsorption, and at adsorbent dose 6.6 g/L and 10 g/L of gibbsite for fluoride adsorption. The spatial analysis results showed that the concentration of fluoride was high in the northeast and eastern part of the study area, where the low elevation area is composed of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks and debris avalanche deposits. In contrast, the southwestern part of the study area had comparatively low fluoride concentrations, which could be attributed to the less permeable nature of the Tertiary and Quaternary unconsolidated soil. The geological map revealed that the study area is composed of pyroclastic rocks and basic igneous rocks, which predict the presence of fluoride rich minerals such as apatite and fluorapatite. The spatial distribution of arsenic and fluoride in springs and wells revealed that the hotspots groundwater sources such as S5, S6, S7and W3, W4, W5, W6 were in low elevated areas that accumulated from the mobilization of dissolved arsenic and fluoride species from high recharge altitude, groundwater interaction with arsenic and fluoride bearing minerals and agricultural areas. The findings of this study can be useful to the future researchers and local authorities to know about high risky sources of groundwater for better managing and mitigating the risks associated with arsenic and fluoride contamination in Mount Meru groundwater aquifers. / I Tanzania är cirka 76 % av dricksvatten försörjning beroende av grundvattenkällor. Grundvattnet i norra Tanzania är dock känsligt för kontaminering av arsenik och fluor. Denna studie undersöker den rumsliga analysen av arsenik- och fluoridmobilisering i grundvatten runt Mount Meru, beläget i norra Tanzania. Studieområdet omfattar cirka 1 450 km2 runt Mount Meru i Arusha-regionen, Tanzania. Den statistiska analysen utfördes i IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0.0 för att tolka data och avslöja korrelationen och trenderna mellan kemiska grundämnen i 11 källor och i 17 brunnar. Programvaran för geokemisk modellering, Visual MINTEQ ver.3.1. har använts för att simulera kemiska element i källor och brunnar i studieområdet för att förutsäga de kemiska arterna, mättnadsindexen och adsorptionseffektiviteten för arsenik till goetit och av fluorid till gibbsit. Dessutom gjordes den rumsliga analysen med hjälp av mjukvaran ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.2 och Geoda 1.20.0.22 för att identifiera hotspot-områdena och för att koppla samman rumsliga mönster av arsenik- och fluoriddistribution inom studieområdet. Den statistiska analysen visade en positiv korrelation mellan arsenik och pH i fjädrar. Vattentypen Na-Cl-HCO3 hittades i källor, med ökad F- koncentration i grundvattnet. Resultaten av geokemiska modelleringar bekräftade att fler undermättade värden för F-mineraler observerades i källor än i brunnar, vilka troligen påverkades av fluoridadsorptionen till gibbsitytan. Det observerades att initial koncentration och ökning av adsorbentdos främjade adsorptionseffektiviteten av arsenik och fluorid på goetit respektive gibbsit mellan pH 4 och pH 6. Ökningen i pH-värde hindrar emellertid adsorptionseffektiviteten. Dessutom observerades den högsta adsorptionseffektiviteten vid adsorbentdosen på 0,05 g/L goetit för arsenikadsorption och vid adsorbentdosen 6,6 g/L och 10 g/L gibbsit för fluoridadsorption. De rumsliga analysresultaten visade att koncentrationen av fluorid var hög i den nordöstra och östra delen av studieområdet, där låghöjdsområdet är sammansatt av tertiära och kvartära vulkaniska bergarter och avfall av lavinavlagringar. Däremot hade den sydvästra delen av studieområdet jämförelsevis låga fluoridkoncentrationer, vilket kan tillskrivas den mindre permeabla naturen hos den tertiära och kvartära okonsoliderade marken. Den geologiska kartan avslöjade att studieområdet består av pyroklastiska bergarter och grundläggande magmatiska bergarter, som förutsäger närvaron av fluorrika mineraler som apatit och fluorapatit. Den rumsliga fördelningen av arsenik och fluor i källor och brunnar avslöjade att hotspots grundvattenkällor som S5, S6, S7 och W3, W4, W5, W6 låg i lågt upphöjda områden som ackumulerades från mobiliseringen av löst arsenik och fluorarter från hög uppladdning höjd över havet, grundvatteninteraktion med arsenik- och fluorhaltiga mineraler och jordbruksområden. Resultaten av denna studie kan vara användbara för framtida forskare och lokala myndigheter att veta om högriskfyllda grundvattenkällor för att bättre hantera och mildra riskerna förknippade med arsenik och fluoridkontamination i Mount Meru grundvattenakviferer.

Ce texte établit le bilan des principaux résultats de recherches anthropologiques effectuées sur deux terrains très différents, mais avec les mêmes méthodes : les Toubou, pasteurs nomades de zone désertique (Tchad, Niger), et les Rwa, caféiculteurs du mont Meru en Tanzanie du Nord.

Thesis (D.Min.)--Asbury Theological Seminary, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-249). Also available online.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 2003.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 2003.

<p>A cross- sectional descriptive study using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was conducted with pupils in standards four to seven (aged 10 &ndash / 17 years) in ten government primary schools in Meru District. The sample of 400 school pupils was obtained by a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 15) computer software and the results were presented in frequencies using simple percentages, tables and graphs. The Chi-square test was used to assess the significance where a p-value of &lt / 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, Primary school pupils in Meru district engage in several risky sexual behaviors including substance use, sexual coercion, early sexual debut and engaging in various sexual practices. This calls for a more comprehensive approach in the fight against HIV among primary school children in Tanzania, which could include life skill training at an early age, behaviour change communication interventions, advocacy activities to influence policy formulation, condom promotion and incorporating key stakeholders in the rollout of school based HIV programmes such as parents, community leaders and faith-based organizations leaders.</p>

<p>A cross- sectional descriptive study using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was conducted with pupils in standards four to seven (aged 10 &ndash / 17 years) in ten government primary schools in Meru District. The sample of 400 school pupils was obtained by a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 15) computer software and the results were presented in frequencies using simple percentages, tables and graphs. The Chi-square test was used to assess the significance where a p-value of &lt / 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, Primary school pupils in Meru district engage in several risky sexual behaviors including substance use, sexual coercion, early sexual debut and engaging in various sexual practices. This calls for a more comprehensive approach in the fight against HIV among primary school children in Tanzania, which could include life skill training at an early age, behaviour change communication interventions, advocacy activities to influence policy formulation, condom promotion and incorporating key stakeholders in the rollout of school based HIV programmes such as parents, community leaders and faith-based organizations leaders.</p>

Magister Public Health - MPH / A cross- sectional descriptive study using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was conducted with pupils in standards four to seven (aged 10 - 17 years) in ten government primary schools in Meru District. The sample of 400 school pupils was obtained by a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 15) computer software and the results were presented in frequencies using simple percentages, tables and graphs. The Chi-square test was used to assess the significance where a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, Primary school pupils in Meru district engage in several risky sexual behaviors including substance use, sexual coercion, early sexual debut and engaging in various sexual practices. This calls for a more comprehensive approach in the fight against HIV among primary school children in Tanzania, which could include life skill training at an early age, behaviour change communication interventions, advocacy activities to influence policy formulation, condom promotion and incorporating key stakeholders in the rollout of school based HIV programmes such as parents, community leaders and faith-based organizations leaders. / South Africa