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This essay explores the similarities between The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe and the Bible. It argues that Christian messages and values are represented by several of the characters. Focusing on Aslan, the Lion who is a Christ-like figure, and Mr. Tumnus and three of the children: Peter, Edmund and Lucy; the essay examines the Christian messages of betrayal, resurrection and self-sacrifice. The essay also explores the Christian virtues: forgiveness and courage, which carry important lessons for the young reader. With the aid of the technique of close reading together with specific features of Lewis’s life and belief where relevant, the essay examines the Christian messages and values. The conclusion of this essay further demonstrates the Christian aspects that Ward, Colbert, and Schakel to some extent mention in their studies. While they focus on Christianity in general, this essay analyzes the Christian messages of betrayal, resurrection and self-sacrifice as well as the Christian virtues forgiveness and courage, even further. The essay further demonstrates that Lewis intentionally included Christian messages and moral values.

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Prior tax compliance literature has examined the use of persuasive messages that emphasize audit and sanctions as a way to increase compliance. This work has been done in single period experiments using either survey or field study methodologies. Results from the prior studies are mixed. The theory of reasoned action is a theory of social behavior that promotes emphasizing direct consequences of actions to motivate specific behavior. Persuasive messages based on this theory have been found to be effective in a number of different disciplines. The theory of reasoned action has been used in the field of tax compliance to explain compliance behavior and examine the behavioral beliefs related to compliant reporting, but has not been used to design persuasive messages aimed at increasing compliance. In this dissertation, I conduct a laboratory experiment that examines the effects of two types of messages - a traditional message consisting of a simple reminder of audit risk and a message designed based on the theory of reasoned action. Consistent with prior research on tax compliance, I test the messages in an initial single period but I extend prior research by also examining the effects of the messages over repeated periods. Neither the traditional message nor the message based on the theory of reasoned action have a significant effect on initial period compliance. The interaction effect of the traditional message and time on tax compliance is positive and significant and the interaction effect of the theory of reasoned action message and time on tax compliance is positive and marginally significant. These results provide evidence that the messages may be effective in increasing an individual's tax compliance over time. In the repeated period data, the theory of reasoned action message exhibits a positive and significant impact on the amount of income reported when an individual reports less than 100% of their earned income, providing evidence that messages designed based on the theory of reasoned action may be an effective tool in reducing the tax gap. / Ph. D.

Tailored communications have been effective in increasing both recall and readership of health information. However, there is no clear evidence that tailoring is necessary or beneficial in creating behavior change. There are many possible sources for the inconsistencies in the empirical literature. This current research explores possible approaches to increase the effectiveness of message tailoring by incorporating components from the four main conceptual structures found in the literature. In the first study, the Stages of Change Model was used to segment the sample into four distinct groups (precontemplative, contemplative, action, and maintenance). The behavioral determinants for respondents in each group were then identified. The differences between the precontemplative and contemplative segment suggest that an affective message will be more effective in changing intention for precontemplative respondents and a cognitive message will be more effective for the respondents in the contemplative segment. In a second study, an experimental study was conducted to test these alternative approaches. Results show that the proposed approaches did influence males as expected. However, females did not behave in the manner expected. Possible explanations for the differences between gender, such as behavior salience and information processing styles, are discussed. Overall, support is found for the use of tailoring messages to create behavior change. / Master of Science

Section 14 of the Constitution provides for the right to privacy, which includes the right not to have the privacy of communications infringed. The right is also protected at common law - a breach of a person's privacy constitutes an iniura. E-mail communications are therefore protected by both, the common law and the Constitution. The question that this work seeks to answer is, whether the Government has the right to intercept and/or monitor private e-mail communications. The right to privacy is not absolute, case law and legislation show that this right can be limited. At common law, a valid defence will negate the unlawfulness of the invasion. In terms of the Constitution, the right to privacy can only be limited in accordance with the limitation clause section 36. For each case, courts will have to balance, the government's interest in combating crime and that of the citizen to the privacy of their e-mail communications. In seeking to answer the question, this work considers the protection afforded by the common law and the Constitution. It also considers statutes which limit the right to privacy, including whether these statutes are applicable to e-mail communications and if they are, whether they constitute a justifiable limitation of the right, for example: the Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication-Related Information Act and the Criminal Procedure Act - which was enacted when the 'cyber-world' was non-existent. All statutes, applicable to e-mail communications, provide for some form of requirements or guidelines before communications can be intercepted or/ and monitored. The right to privacy is also protected in foreign jurisdictions and is not absolute. There is protection only against unreasonable invasions of privacy. In conclusion, both statutory law and common law permit the government, within limitations, to intercept or/ and monitor private e-mail communications. Where there are guidelines, regulating this power, the circumstance under which and when it can be exercised. This will amount to a reasonable and justifiable limitation and therefore the right will not be violated. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Magister Legum - LLM / This research will analyse legislation, case law, law commission papers and reports, as well as academic commentary on electronic evidence in South Africa, Canada and England. A comparative analysis will be conducted in order to determine whether South Africa is adequately regulating electronic evidence in light of international and foreign law.

« Accident de l’histoire » selon les termes du rapport Warsmann, réalisé au moment de la réforme constitutionnelle de 2008, l’interdiction faite au chef de l’État de se présenter devant le Parlement, comme plus largement la question de la communication entre les deux organes, méritent d’être reconsidérées. La faculté du chef de l’État de s’adresser au Parlement s’insère dans une mécanique des pouvoirs que son étude contribue à éclairer notamment dans le cadre parlementaire où la Ve République réalise un agencement dont l’originalité doit être soulignée. Parce que la communication parlementaire de l’Exécutif apparaît tout à la fois comme un outil pour celui-ci de direction du travail du Parlement, et, pour ce dernier, comme un instrument de contrôle de l’action exécutive, cette question se situe déjà au cœur des préoccupations révolutionnaires relatives à l’organisation de la séparation des pouvoirs. La synchronisation qu’opère le régime parlementaire entre responsabilité politique et communication vient renouveler l’interrogation et singulariser celle relative à la communication du chef de l’État. L’irresponsabilité de ce dernier va impliquer qu’il ne s’adresse au Parlement que par des messages écrits et sous le contrôle des ministres responsables. La Ve République provoque une rupture dans la conception parlementaire de la faculté du chef de l’État de s’adresser au Parlement qui accompagne la redéfinition de la fonction présidentielle. Elle s’observe tant au niveau de l’émetteur que du récepteur de la communication. Au niveau de l’émetteur, une disjonction s’opère entre pouvoir et responsabilité à travers, dans un premier temps, la suppression de l’exigence de contreseing pour l’exercice du droit de message malgré le maintien de l’irresponsabilité présidentielle, puis, dans un second temps, par la reconnaissance à son profit d’un certain droit d’entrée et de parole dans l’hémicycle parlementaire. Au niveau du récepteur, la communication parlementaire du chef de l’État subit le contrecoup d’une évolution de la conception de la représentation qui paraît amener le Président à faire du peuple son interlocuteur privilégié. / « Accident of history » according to the Warsmann report, executed at the time of the 2008 constitutional reform, the ban of the Head of State to appear before the Parliament, as the broader matter of the communication between the two bodies, deserve to be reconsidered. The ability of the Head of State to address the Parliament fits into a mechanical of powers which study contributes to enlighten notably through the parliamentary framework where the Fifth Republic carries out an arrangement whose original feature must be emphasized. For the parliamentary communication of the Executive appears all at once as a tool, for this one, to conduct the Parliament’s work, and, for the latter, as a tool to control the executive action, this issue already is at heart of the revolutionaries’ concerns relating to the organisation of the separation of powers. The synchronization operated by the parliamentary system among political responsability and communication comes to renew the query and distinguish the one relative to the Head of State communication. The irresponsability of the latter will entail a prohibition to appear before the Parliament and an obligation to address them through written messages, under the control of the accountable ministers. The Fifth Republic causes a break in the parliementary design of the Head of State’s ability to address the Parliament which accompanies the redefinition of the presidential office. This break manifests itself both on the issuer and on the receiver’s levels. At the issuer’s level, a disjunction appears between power and responsability, first, through the abolition of the countersignature requirement for the exercise of the right to send messages despite the maintenance of the presidential irresponsability, then, secondly, through the acknowledgment of a certain right to enter and speak in the parliamentary hemicycle. At the receiver’s level, the parliamentary communication of the Head of State is affected by the repercussions of the evolution of the representation’s notion that seems to lead the President to make of people his favored interlocutor.

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