O cenário atual da construção civil tem se caracterizado pelo uso crescente de novos produtos, materiais e tecnologias construtivas. Simultaneamente, a adoção de novas técnicas em detrimento a pouca abordagem científica e às falhas de projeto, execução e planejamento de obra têm colaborado para a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas. O desempenho do edifício resulta da contribuição individual de cada um dos materiais e elementos que o constituem, mas também depende do efeito gerado quando todo o conjunto é solicitado. Caso haja incompatibilidade entre as condições de deformação da estrutura de concreto, a capacidade de acomodar deformações da alvenaria e das camadas de argamassa pode desencadear-se desde pequenas fissuras no revestimento, rupturas na alvenaria até mesmo o colapso total da parede, gerando além de elevados custos e descrédito para as construtoras, principalmente, desconforto ao usuário. Atualmente existem diversas técnicas construtivas de reforço/reabilitação, de forma a distribuir tensões, compatibilizar deformações e garantir o desempenho à tração do revestimento de argamassa. Entre estas técnicas ressalta-se o uso de telas metálicas, que no Brasil é amparado por uma normalização ainda incipiente. Embora este uso seja recomendado, não há consenso quanto aos métodos executivos e parâmetros técnicos da tela metálica mais indicados para cada aplicação. Nesse contexto, o trabalho em questão, julgou importante contribuir para a avaliação do desempenho de revestimentos de argamassa com reforço de tela metálica e apresenta três propostas. Uma delas foi o ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, o qual se mostrou viável para avaliar a eficiência do uso de tela no incremento de resistência da argamassa, no entanto, permite ponderações restritas ao parâmetro de carga de ruptura. O ensaio de tração direta proposto para caracterizar o revestimento de argamassa reforçado com tela metálica, aplicado sobre a interface alvenariaestrutura, embora tenha execução complexa e demande mais tempo, apresentou variabilidade satisfatória e mostrou-se capaz para avaliar além da carga a resistência à tração. Por fim, o ensaio de tração na flexão em 4 pontos foi considerado apto para a caracterizar argamassas reforçadas com tela, diante da fácil aplicabilidade, com tamanho menor dos CP’s e variabilidade reduzida. Então foi usado para avaliar a influência de diferentes tipologias de telas metálicas e posicionamento delas na argamassa no desempenho à tração do revestimento. / The current scenario of the construction has been characterized by the increasing use of new products, materials and construction technologies. Simultaneously, the adoption of new techniques to the detriment a little and scientific approach to design failures, execution and construction management have contributed to the occurrence of pathological manifestations. The building performance results of the individual contribution of each one of the materials and elements constitute, but also depends on the effect generated when the whole set is requested. If there is incompatibility between the deformation conditions of the concrete structure, the ability to accommodate deformations of the masonry and layers of mortar, this may unleash from small cracks in the coating, breaks in the masonry even total collapse of the wall, generating high costs and discredit to the builders, mainly discomfort to the user. Nowadays there are many construction techniques reinforcement / rehabilitation, in order to distribute tensions, compatible deformations and guarantee performance to pull the mortar coating. Among these techniques emphasizes the use of metal mesh, which in Brazil is supported by an incipient normalization. Although this use is recommended, there is no consensus on the executive methods and technical parameters of the metal mesh best suited for each application. In this context, the work in question, considered it important to contribute to the evaluation of mortar coatings performance with metal mesh reinforcement and presents three proposals. One was the indirect tensile (Brazilian) test, which proved feasible to evaluate the use efficiency screen on mortar strength increase, however, allows considerations restricted to the breaking load parameter. The tensile direct test proposed to characterize the reinforced mortar coating metal screen applied to the masonry structure interface, although it has complex execution and demands more time presented satisfactory variability and shown to be able to evaluate the load and also the resistance to traction. Finally, the tensile test in bending at 4 points was considered suitable for the characterize mortars reinforced with screen, due to the easy applicability, have smaller size specimens and reduced variability. Then it was used to evaluate the influence of different types of metal mesh and positioning them in the mortar in performance to coating traction.

Metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs) are a promising low cost gas bearing technology for support of high speed oil-free microturbomachinery. Elimination of complex oil lubrication and sealing system by installing MMFBs in oil free rotating machinery offer distinctive advantages such as reduced system overall weight, enhanced reliability at high rotational speeds and extreme temperatures, and extended maintenance intervals compared to conventional turbo machines. MMFBs for oil-free turbomachinery must demonstrate adequate load capacity, reliable rotordynamic performance, and low frictional losses in a high temperature environment. The thesis presents the measurements of MMFB break-away torque, rotor lift off and touchdown speeds, temperature at increasing static load conditions, and identified stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficients. The experiments, conducted in a test rig driven by an automotive turbocharger turbine, demonstrate the airborne operation (hydrodynamic gas film) of the floating test MMFB with little frictional loses at increasing loads. The measured drag torque peaks when the rotor starts and stops, and drops significantly once the bearing is airborne. The estimated rotor speed for lift-off increases linearly with increasing applied loads. During continuous operation, the MMFB temperature measured at one end of the back surface of the top foil increases both with rotor speed and static load. Nonetheless, the temperature rise is only nominal ensuring reliable bearing performance. Application of a sacrificial layer of solid lubricant on the top foil surface aids to reduce the rotor break-away torque. The measurements give confidence on this simple bearing technology for ready application into oil-free turbomachinery. Impact loads delivered (with a soft tip) to the test bearing, while resting on the (stationary) drive shaft, evidence a system with large damping and a structural stiffness that increases with frequency (max. 200 Hz). The system equivalent viscous damping ratio decreases from ~ 0.7 to 0.2 as the frequency increases. In general, the viscous damping in a metal mesh structure is of structural type and inversely proportional to the frequency and amplitude of bearing motion relative to the shaft. Impact load tests, conducted while the shaft rotates at 50 krpm, show that the bearing direct stiffness is lower (~25% at 200 Hz) than the bearing structural stiffness identified from impact load tests without shaft rotation. However, the identified equivalent viscous damping coefficients from tests with and without shaft rotation are nearly identical. The orbits of bearing motion relative to the rotating shaft show subsynchronous motion amplitudes and also backward synchronous whirl. The subsynchronous vibration amplitudes are locked at a frequency, nearly identical to a rotor natural frequency. A backward synchronous whirl occurs while the rotor speed is between any two natural frequencies, arising due to bearing stiffness asymmetry.

O cenário atual da construção civil tem se caracterizado pelo uso crescente de novos produtos, materiais e tecnologias construtivas. Simultaneamente, a adoção de novas técnicas em detrimento a pouca abordagem científica e às falhas de projeto, execução e planejamento de obra têm colaborado para a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas. O desempenho do edifício resulta da contribuição individual de cada um dos materiais e elementos que o constituem, mas também depende do efeito gerado quando todo o conjunto é solicitado. Caso haja incompatibilidade entre as condições de deformação da estrutura de concreto, a capacidade de acomodar deformações da alvenaria e das camadas de argamassa pode desencadear-se desde pequenas fissuras no revestimento, rupturas na alvenaria até mesmo o colapso total da parede, gerando além de elevados custos e descrédito para as construtoras, principalmente, desconforto ao usuário. Atualmente existem diversas técnicas construtivas de reforço/reabilitação, de forma a distribuir tensões, compatibilizar deformações e garantir o desempenho à tração do revestimento de argamassa. Entre estas técnicas ressalta-se o uso de telas metálicas, que no Brasil é amparado por uma normalização ainda incipiente. Embora este uso seja recomendado, não há consenso quanto aos métodos executivos e parâmetros técnicos da tela metálica mais indicados para cada aplicação. Nesse contexto, o trabalho em questão, julgou importante contribuir para a avaliação do desempenho de revestimentos de argamassa com reforço de tela metálica e apresenta três propostas. Uma delas foi o ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, o qual se mostrou viável para avaliar a eficiência do uso de tela no incremento de resistência da argamassa, no entanto, permite ponderações restritas ao parâmetro de carga de ruptura. O ensaio de tração direta proposto para caracterizar o revestimento de argamassa reforçado com tela metálica, aplicado sobre a interface alvenariaestrutura, embora tenha execução complexa e demande mais tempo, apresentou variabilidade satisfatória e mostrou-se capaz para avaliar além da carga a resistência à tração. Por fim, o ensaio de tração na flexão em 4 pontos foi considerado apto para a caracterizar argamassas reforçadas com tela, diante da fácil aplicabilidade, com tamanho menor dos CP’s e variabilidade reduzida. Então foi usado para avaliar a influência de diferentes tipologias de telas metálicas e posicionamento delas na argamassa no desempenho à tração do revestimento. / The current scenario of the construction has been characterized by the increasing use of new products, materials and construction technologies. Simultaneously, the adoption of new techniques to the detriment a little and scientific approach to design failures, execution and construction management have contributed to the occurrence of pathological manifestations. The building performance results of the individual contribution of each one of the materials and elements constitute, but also depends on the effect generated when the whole set is requested. If there is incompatibility between the deformation conditions of the concrete structure, the ability to accommodate deformations of the masonry and layers of mortar, this may unleash from small cracks in the coating, breaks in the masonry even total collapse of the wall, generating high costs and discredit to the builders, mainly discomfort to the user. Nowadays there are many construction techniques reinforcement / rehabilitation, in order to distribute tensions, compatible deformations and guarantee performance to pull the mortar coating. Among these techniques emphasizes the use of metal mesh, which in Brazil is supported by an incipient normalization. Although this use is recommended, there is no consensus on the executive methods and technical parameters of the metal mesh best suited for each application. In this context, the work in question, considered it important to contribute to the evaluation of mortar coatings performance with metal mesh reinforcement and presents three proposals. One was the indirect tensile (Brazilian) test, which proved feasible to evaluate the use efficiency screen on mortar strength increase, however, allows considerations restricted to the breaking load parameter. The tensile direct test proposed to characterize the reinforced mortar coating metal screen applied to the masonry structure interface, although it has complex execution and demands more time presented satisfactory variability and shown to be able to evaluate the load and also the resistance to traction. Finally, the tensile test in bending at 4 points was considered suitable for the characterize mortars reinforced with screen, due to the easy applicability, have smaller size specimens and reduced variability. Then it was used to evaluate the influence of different types of metal mesh and positioning them in the mortar in performance to coating traction.

O cenário atual da construção civil tem se caracterizado pelo uso crescente de novos produtos, materiais e tecnologias construtivas. Simultaneamente, a adoção de novas técnicas em detrimento a pouca abordagem científica e às falhas de projeto, execução e planejamento de obra têm colaborado para a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas. O desempenho do edifício resulta da contribuição individual de cada um dos materiais e elementos que o constituem, mas também depende do efeito gerado quando todo o conjunto é solicitado. Caso haja incompatibilidade entre as condições de deformação da estrutura de concreto, a capacidade de acomodar deformações da alvenaria e das camadas de argamassa pode desencadear-se desde pequenas fissuras no revestimento, rupturas na alvenaria até mesmo o colapso total da parede, gerando além de elevados custos e descrédito para as construtoras, principalmente, desconforto ao usuário. Atualmente existem diversas técnicas construtivas de reforço/reabilitação, de forma a distribuir tensões, compatibilizar deformações e garantir o desempenho à tração do revestimento de argamassa. Entre estas técnicas ressalta-se o uso de telas metálicas, que no Brasil é amparado por uma normalização ainda incipiente. Embora este uso seja recomendado, não há consenso quanto aos métodos executivos e parâmetros técnicos da tela metálica mais indicados para cada aplicação. Nesse contexto, o trabalho em questão, julgou importante contribuir para a avaliação do desempenho de revestimentos de argamassa com reforço de tela metálica e apresenta três propostas. Uma delas foi o ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, o qual se mostrou viável para avaliar a eficiência do uso de tela no incremento de resistência da argamassa, no entanto, permite ponderações restritas ao parâmetro de carga de ruptura. O ensaio de tração direta proposto para caracterizar o revestimento de argamassa reforçado com tela metálica, aplicado sobre a interface alvenariaestrutura, embora tenha execução complexa e demande mais tempo, apresentou variabilidade satisfatória e mostrou-se capaz para avaliar além da carga a resistência à tração. Por fim, o ensaio de tração na flexão em 4 pontos foi considerado apto para a caracterizar argamassas reforçadas com tela, diante da fácil aplicabilidade, com tamanho menor dos CP’s e variabilidade reduzida. Então foi usado para avaliar a influência de diferentes tipologias de telas metálicas e posicionamento delas na argamassa no desempenho à tração do revestimento. / The current scenario of the construction has been characterized by the increasing use of new products, materials and construction technologies. Simultaneously, the adoption of new techniques to the detriment a little and scientific approach to design failures, execution and construction management have contributed to the occurrence of pathological manifestations. The building performance results of the individual contribution of each one of the materials and elements constitute, but also depends on the effect generated when the whole set is requested. If there is incompatibility between the deformation conditions of the concrete structure, the ability to accommodate deformations of the masonry and layers of mortar, this may unleash from small cracks in the coating, breaks in the masonry even total collapse of the wall, generating high costs and discredit to the builders, mainly discomfort to the user. Nowadays there are many construction techniques reinforcement / rehabilitation, in order to distribute tensions, compatible deformations and guarantee performance to pull the mortar coating. Among these techniques emphasizes the use of metal mesh, which in Brazil is supported by an incipient normalization. Although this use is recommended, there is no consensus on the executive methods and technical parameters of the metal mesh best suited for each application. In this context, the work in question, considered it important to contribute to the evaluation of mortar coatings performance with metal mesh reinforcement and presents three proposals. One was the indirect tensile (Brazilian) test, which proved feasible to evaluate the use efficiency screen on mortar strength increase, however, allows considerations restricted to the breaking load parameter. The tensile direct test proposed to characterize the reinforced mortar coating metal screen applied to the masonry structure interface, although it has complex execution and demands more time presented satisfactory variability and shown to be able to evaluate the load and also the resistance to traction. Finally, the tensile test in bending at 4 points was considered suitable for the characterize mortars reinforced with screen, due to the easy applicability, have smaller size specimens and reduced variability. Then it was used to evaluate the influence of different types of metal mesh and positioning them in the mortar in performance to coating traction.

No description available.

As the boundaries of Moore's Law rapidly approach, research is increasingly turning to exotic materials and metamaterials to advance the capabilities of electronic and micromechanical systems. This thesis presents systems, models, and simulation techniques for novel microfabrication in the realms of silicon carbide (SiC) and metal mesh filters. Through the unification of femtosecond laser pulses, high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses, and system power and motion control, a system capable of achieving arbitrary 3D features without line-of-sight with aspect ratios up to 109:1 in SiC is developed. Additionally, a model of a direct-write femtosecond-laser-ablation fabricated metal mesh filter (MMF) is simulated in ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and validates the novel fabrication technique. Finally, a transmission-line-theory based MMF model is presented as an alternative to modelling multilayer filters in HFSS. This model produces comparable results to an HFSS simulation with dramatically reduced computational intensity.

Gas bearings in oil-free micro-turbomachinery for process gas applications and for power generation (< 400 kW) must offer adequate load capacity and thermal stability, reliable rotordynamic performance at high speeds and temperatures, low power losses and minimal maintenance costs. The metal mesh foil bearing (MMFB) is a promising foil bearing technology offering inexpensive manufacturing cost, large inherent material energy dissipation mechanism, and custom-tailored stiffness and damping properties. This dissertation presents predictions and measurements of the dynamic forced performance of various high speed and high temperature MMFBs. MMFB forced performance depends mainly on its elastic support structure, consisting of arcuate metal mesh pads and a smooth top foil. The analysis models the top foil as a 2D finite element (FE) shell supported uniformly by a metal mesh under-layer. The solution of the structural FE model coupled with a gas film model, governed by the Reynolds equation, delivers the pressure distribution over the top foil and thus the load reaction. A perturbation analysis further renders the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients for the bearing. The static and dynamic performance predictions are validated against limited published experimental data. A one-to-one comparison of the static and dynamic forced performance characteristics of a MMFB against a Generation I bump foil bearing (BFB) of similar size, with a slenderness ratio L/D=1.04, showcases the comparative performance of MMFB against a commercially available gas foil bearing design. The measurements of rotor lift-off speed and drag friction at start-up and airborne conditions are conducted for rotor speeds up to 70 krpm and under identical specific loads (W/LD =0.06 to 0.26 bar). The dynamic force coefficients of the bearings are estimated, in a ‘floating bearing’ type test rig, while floating atop a journal spinning to speeds as high as 50 krpm and with controlled static loads (22 N) applied in the vertical direction. The parameter identification is conducted in the frequency range of 200-400 Hz first, and then up to 600 Hz using higher load capacity shakers. A finite element rotordynamic program (XLTRC2) models a hollow rotor and two MMFBs supporting it and predict the synchronous rotor response for known imbalances. The predictions agree well with the ambient temperature rotor response measurements. Extensive rotor response measurements and rotor and bearing temperature measurements, with a coil heater warming up to 200 ºC and placed inside the hollow rotor, reveal the importance of adequate thermal management. The database of high speed high temperature performance measurements and the development of a predictive tool will aid in the design and deployment of MMFBs in commercial high-speed turbomachinery. The work presented in the dissertation is a cornerstone for future analytical developments and further testing of practical MMFBs.

Orientador: Jose Alexandre Diniz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T06:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_ArlineMaria_D.pdf: 17701586 bytes, checksum: b5160ad894463745fdeea0dae1f71065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta importantes informações sobre tecnologia THz, atualmente considerada um desafio tecnológico e estado da arte em diversas áreas de desenvolvimento. Com o objetivo de formar um sistema imageador THz, ainda indisponível comercialmente, foram dispensados esforços em diferentes frentes. Câmeras para o infravermelho médio (8 ¿ 14 µm) foram adquiridas, caracterizadas e testadas, com resultados relevantes e inéditos em Física Solar, aplicação considerada para este trabalho. Filtros de malha ressonante para diversas bandas na região THz (centrados em 0,4, 0,67, 0,85, 2, 4 e 8,5 THz) foram projetados, fabricados e testados exibindo excepcional resposta. E finalmente um primeiro protótipo imageador foi montado acoplando os filtros de malha ressonante a câmera IV sem sua óptica original de germânio. As primeiras imagens THz de uma resistência aquecida é apresentada, provando a funcionalidade do conceito original. Os desenvolvimentos e estudos aqui apresentados estarão contribuindo para dois experimentos espaciais recentemente propostos, DESIR ( Detection of Solar eruptive Infrared Radiation) e SIRA (Submillimeter-wave to InfraRed solar Activity emissions), prevendo a utilização de sistemas THz em observações de transientes em plasmas ativos solares em diferentes freqüências, a partir do solo e no espaço / Abstract: This work presents important information on THz technology, currently considered a technological challenge and state of the art in different areas of development. To form a THz imaging system, still unavailable commercially, efforts in different fronts had been excused. Cameras for medium IR (8 - 14 µm) had been acquired, characterized and tested, with excellent and unknown results in Solar Physics, application considered for this work. Filters of resonant metal mesh for diverse bands in the THz region (centered in 0,4, 0,67, 0,85, 2, 4 and 8,5 THz) had been projected, manufactured and tested showing excellent results. Finally a first imaging system was mounted connecting the filters of resonant mesh to the IR camera without its original optics of germanium. The first THz images of a warm resistance are presented, proving the functionality of the original concept. The developments and studies presented here will contribute for two space experiments recently considered, DESIR ( Solar Detection of eruptive Infrared Radiation) and SIRA ( Submillimeter-wave you the solar InfraRed Activity emissions), requiring the use of THz systems for observations of transient in solar active plasmas in different frequencies, from the ground and in the space / Doutorado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

The theme of my disseration is an architecture study of multifunctional building which is surrounded by the streets Vranovská, Cejl and Jana Svobody and by the embankment of the river Svitava. Objective of the study was to design a building that would utilized the space of the plot effectively. The result of design is the construction which is characterized for its inner semi-public atrium space with link to the bank of Svitava and street Jana Svobody. It is five-storey house. In the first two stories there are different feature amenities (kindergarden, office building, restaurant, café, media library, gallery and other shops), and senior house. In the third floor and above there are designed flats for living. The part of the living area was also creating of new kind of housing called co-housing. The building has a basement, which is mostly for parking. The construction of the building is from monolithic reinforced concrete frame, horizontal structure consists of beamless slabs. Due to the huge area of the building, the facade is designed from the different kinds of materials: white plaster, light gray sheet metal, anthracite metail mesh and glass fiber.