No description available.

Personal development is a rapidly growing industry. Nearly half of the world’s population has met with a psychiatrist, psychologist or psychotherapist, which indicates that what these people say has an enormous impact on our society. In my study I will scrutinize the view of the world which is presented by four of the world’s most successful gurus in the industry of personal development: Steve Jobs, David Goggins, Denzel Washington and Tony Robbins. This will be done by analyzing their use of metaphors as well as the potential consequences these might have for the listeners. I have analyzed the metaphors in accordance with Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and compared the results with each other. My results show that all of these gurus use the metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY, which can generate motivation. They also see motivation as fluent, that is, as something which comes and goes. This can also be considered to have motivating effects. Another interesting finding is that our results are described as consequences of our decisions, which the psychologist Julian Rotter calls internal locus of control. This has been shown to increase performance and responsibility.

This thesis presents a close reading of the award-winning novel The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) by Margaret Atwood. Drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory as a framework, and the notion of embodiment, the study sheds light on metaphorical linguistic expressions that contribute to the realization of conceptual container metaphors pertinent to the main character’s psychological state. The thesis demonstrates that there are dual results for containment. Firstly, the author conceptualizes the character’s body as a container that is imprisoned because of the patriarchal regime’s control. Secondly, the body is portrayed as a container for safety and love before the regime’s takeover. In addition to this, the thesis examines themes of nature symbolism and time. The containment of nature serves as a metaphor for oppression because of environmental destruction in the country. Nevertheless, it carries a glimpse of hope and freedom and/or different forms of escape. Finally, through time conceptualized as a container, the character enters the past, and the memories it brings. This either provides an escape from the present reality — mental time travel that has positive or negative effects on the character’s mental state, or reminds her of the imprisoned life she is presently in.

Studien som redovisas i denna D-uppsats undersöker den metaforiska betydelsen av kropp i vinprovningssammanhang. Undersökningen hämtar sitt material från intervjuer med vinkonnässörer, vinlitteratur med undervisande syfte och texter från vinprovarwebsidor. Konceptuell Metaforteori och  Herdenstams modell "Det dubbla greppet" används som metod. Resultatet visar att metaforen kropp bekriver en multisensorisk upplevelse i smakarens mun, liknande fyllighet. / This study examines the metaphorical meaning of body in wine tasting context. The survey draws its material from interviews with experts in wine and taste, literature with educational purposes, and contemporary texts from wine tasting websites. Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Herdenstam's model “The double grip" are used as methods. The results shows that the metaphor body denotes a multisensory experience in the mouth of the taster, similar to fullness.

This thesis examines written autism info materials from web searches and autism expertrecommendations across Germany, Sweden, and the US. Making use of Conceptual MetaphorTheory and Critical Discourse Analysis, the different materials were analyzed with the help of codeschemes by marking down conceptual metaphors and other ideological words. The most commonmetaphors, and alternatives, with their implications for the view on autism, as well as the influenceof the Neurodiversity Movement pushing for a paradigm shift on autism, were analyzed. The mainfindings include the capitalist ideology causing autism to be seen as deficits to be cured through theconceptualization of autists as dysfunctional machines in need of fixing which is made possiblethrough turning autism into a concrete object situated in a human container. This allows theassumption that it is possible to remove ‘the autism’ from its container without altering it. However,especially in expert-recommended sources, the neurodiversity paradigm which aims to shift awayfrom a pathological perspective is finding more foothold which challenges the classical medicalparadigm dominating autism discourses. / Den här kandidatuppsatsen undersöker informationsmaterial om autism från webbsökningar ochautismexperters rekommendationer från Sverige, Tyskland och USA. Uppsatsen använder sig avConceptual metaphor theory och kritisk diskursanalys för att undersöka de främst förekommandemetaforer och de underliggande ideologier samt som implikationer dessa synsätten på autism har.Dessutom undersöker kandidatuppsatsen ett eventuellt pågående paradigmskifte, neurodiversitets-paradigmet, som inte ser på autism som en sjukdom utan en naurligt förekommande funktions-variation. De mest väsentliga resultaten innefattar hur kapitalistiska ideologier legitimerar kon-ceptualiseringen av autism som en sjukdom som ska botas. Det möjliggörs genom att se autismsom ett konkret objekt som finns inne i en mänsklig behållare och därmed går att ta bort. Dockbörjar neurodiversitetsparadigmet att utmana det hegemoniska synsättet på autism som en sjukdom,särskilt i informationsmaterial som rekommenderas av expterter.

No description available.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-11-24T11:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samanta Kélly Menoncin Pierozan_.pdf: 2211732 bytes, checksum: df51b6675c3c210b2dce586056eb81d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-24T11:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samanta Kélly Menoncin Pierozan_.pdf: 2211732 bytes, checksum: df51b6675c3c210b2dce586056eb81d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Nenhuma / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar a metaforicidade dos Phrasal Verbs (PVs) tendo-se como pilar teorias da semântica cognitiva, principalmente a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (TMC), desenvolvida por Lakoff e Johnson (1980). Além da TMC, no que diz respeito ao significado dos advérbios ou preposições constituintes dos PVs – os quais podem ser chamados de partículas –, consideram-se também as contribuições de Rudzka-Ostyn (2003), a qual utiliza esquemas imagéticos para representar os PVs, e de Lindner (1981), que parte da Gramática Cognitiva (LANGACKER, 1987) para analisá-los. Tendo como foco os PVs up e down, como metodologia, utiliza-se o ferramental da Linguística de Corpus, extraindo-se os PVs do Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Após realizar a seleção dos Phrasal Verbs para análise, relaciona-se o significado dos PVs selecionados com os sentidos e esquemas imagéticos propostos por Rudzka-Ostyn (2003); verificam-se como como esses sentidos expressam os esquemas imagéticos propostos; identificam-se as metáforas conceptuais, em especial aquelas do tipo orientacional, conforme Lakoff e Johnson (1980); e verifica-se o mapeamento metafórico das concordâncias analisadas. Os resultados apontam que os PVs, na sua maioria, são metafóricos, e que essa metaforicidade tem forte relação com a semântica das partículas que constituem a construção verbo-partícula. Além disso, espera-se com a presente pesquisa agregar à proposta de caráter pedagógico de Rudzka-Ostyn (2003), contribuindo para o ensino e aprendizagem de PVs. / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the metaphor properties of Phrasal Verbs (PVs), based on cognitive semantic theories, especially the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). In addition, concerning the meaning of adverbs or prepositions that constitute PVs – which can be called particles –, contributions made by Rudzka-Ostyn (2003), who uses image schemas to represent PVs, and Lindner (1981), who takes into consideration Cognitive Grammar (LANGACKER, 1987) to analyze them, are considered. The up and down particles are the focus of this investigation. Regarding methodology, Corpus Linguistics is used, and the PVs are extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). After selecting them, the relation between the PVs and Rudzka-Ostyn’s image schemas is verified, as well as how their senses express the image schemas proposed by Rudzka-Ostyn (2003); conceptual metaphors, especially the orientational ones, are identified, in accordance with Lakoff and Johnson (1980); and the mapping between conceptual domains is verified. The results point that the PVs are mostly methaphoric, and that its metaphor properties are strongly related to the meaning of the particles that constitute each verb-particle construction. In addition, it is hoped this research adds to the pedagogical proposal of Rudzka-Ostyn (2003), contributing to the teaching and learning of PVs.

Herta Müller represents physical suffering and repression in her works, often reflecting on the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, and her constant interest in language and reflexivity towards writing have led her to develop sophisticated metaphors that she uses to illuminate language and its functioning under such subjugation. With reference to her fiction and non-fiction, I demonstrate how she uses concrete ideas to understand linguistic phenomena. She evokes injury, destruction, force, life, space, touch, silence, and other bodily experiences to make sense of language in the condition of suffering from social oppression. Drawing on conceptual metaphor theory within the framework of cognitive literary studies, I argue that Müller both relies on and estranges the ways in which people speak and think about language. Language is imagined differently depending on the circumstances and in close relationship with various sensory experiences. The complexity of the relationship between language and thought problematises the process of metaphor building and makes it difficult to identify its key aspects across different contexts and sensory modalities. Müller’s tropes are easy to experience, but difficult to analyse. The idea of language does not exist as a stable concept and is regularly reimagined in her texts; but its meaning is not arbitrary and depends on bodily experience. While Müller evokes such experience to understand language in the condition of suffering, she can also use linguistic concepts to elucidate more abstract ideas. Language can be regarded as an abstract or concrete phenomenon depending on the relevant bodily, linguistic, and cultural contexts. This project contributes to the study of Müller’s poetics as well as to the literary critical interpretation of embodied cognition, and develops the use of conceptual metaphor theory for literary analysis. It also seeks to develop understanding of the role of bodily experience in the metaphorical conceptualisation of language.

This study exemplifies, analyses and discusses the conceptual metaphors refugees are water and refugees are animals in British media discourse. In order to do this, examples of linguistic tokens of the metaphors were collected from four of the biggest newspapers in Britain; Daily Mail, The Sun, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph. Linguistic tokens of the metaphors were found in all of the newspapers. The tokens of refugees are animals often appeared within quotation marks, whereas the refugees are water tokens appeared mostly unmarked, implying that refugees are water is more conventionalized than refugees are animals. The analysis of the tokens showed how different aspects of refugees are either highlighted or hidden when it is conceptualized in terms of water or animals. In the process of highlighting/hiding certain aspects of refugees, the refugees are dehumanized.

[pt] Esta dissertação reflete sobre a identidade da metáfora literária. Toma como base a teoria geral da metáfora inaugurada por George Lakoff e Mark Jonhson na década de 1980 - o que equivale a conceber a metáfora como um princípio cognitivo básico, como um mecanismo estruturador do conhecimento e da experiência que em muito ultrapassa os domínios da literatura. Reconhecendo com Lakoff e Johnson a onipresença do fenômeno metafórico em nossas vidas, interessou-nos refletir sobre o que poderia distinguir a sua manifestação no campo específico da literatura. Tivemos por objetivo central aqui contribuir para o teste de hipóteses cognitivistas levantadas por George Lakoff e Mark Turner, em uma obra especificamente voltada para a manifestação literária da metáfora, a saber, More than cool reason (1989). Analisamos com o aparato teórico e descritivo ali oferecido um conjunto de metáforas presentes em um texto literário específico - o Romance d`A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai- e- Volta, de Ariano Suassuna. A análise empreendida fala em favor das hipóteses de Lakoff e Turner, para quem a maioria das metáforas literárias resulta de explorações criativas e inusitadas de mapeamentos metafóricos bastante arraigados em nossos sistemas conceptuais - extensões, combinações ou elaborações das metáforas ontológicas, estruturais e orientacionais que governam, em um nível básico e de forma geral, a nossa linguagem, pensamento e ação. / [en] This dissertation analyses the identity of the literary metaphor. It is based in the general Conceptual Theory of Metaphors started by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in the 80`s decade - they set the metaphor as a basic cognitive principle, as a mechanism that structures the knowledge and the experience which goes beyond the literature field. Recognizing along with Lakoff and Johnson the presence of the metaphorical phenomena in our lives, this study interested us to think about what could distinguish the presence of the metaphor specifically in literature. Our central objective here was to contribute to test the cognitive hypothesis showed by George Lakoff and Mark Turner, in a specific book which studies the literary metaphor, More than cool reason (1989). We analyzed a set of metaphors in the Romance d`A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e- Volta, by Ariano Suassuna. This analysis shows that Lakoff and Turner hypothesis, which the generalizations governing poetic metaphorical expressions are not in language, but in thought: they are general mappings across conceptual domains; they are creative extensions of these mappings. As the locus of metaphor is not in language at all, but in the way we conceptualize one mental domain in terms of another. The literary metaphors are extensions, combinations or elaborations of the ontological, structural and orientational metaphors that lead, in a basic level and in a general way, our language, thought and actions.